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Bitcoin => Bitcoin Discussion => Topic started by: - on June 03, 2011, 09:23:09 PM



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Post by: - on June 03, 2011, 09:23:09 PM
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Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: pointbiz on June 03, 2011, 09:33:20 PM
I think storing in the safety deposit box at your bank and putting the information in your will, is the best of the alternatives you suggested.


Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: unk on June 03, 2011, 09:36:00 PM
why do you trust the owners of a safe-deposit box more than a lawyer?

in any event, none of this is really a concern in practice. if you want a technical solution to the problem, however, it could be achieved with scripting in the block chain itself; you'd simply create conditional transactions to your heirs and cancel them before nLockTime, repeatedly and even in automated fashion.


Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: chiropteran on June 03, 2011, 09:42:45 PM

Physical safety of the contents of your box. Negligible risk. Right now I would prefer to deposit the unencrypted wallet. If bitcoin-storage/inheritance were a major business in itself (and therefore the contents predictable), I might err on the side of caution and only store the password (spreading around the encrypted wallet among my heirs at the same time), just in case of a true bank-robbery (when was the last time a bank vault was actually emptied?, just out of interest).


There was a big robbery in March 2008.

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0200465/


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Post by: - on June 03, 2011, 09:45:08 PM
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Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: theymos on June 03, 2011, 09:50:14 PM
I suppose you would need to fork from the bitcoin-network to do that, right?

No. It's already in the protocol.


Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: SgtSpike on June 03, 2011, 09:50:33 PM
Give half the encryption password to your lawyer, give the other half to your most trusted relative.  Problem solved.  Or split it into fourths, and email yourself one fourth, and send one fourth in a self-addressed stamped envelope, along with the other two.


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Post by: - on June 03, 2011, 09:53:47 PM
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Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: Astro on June 03, 2011, 09:55:49 PM
My bitcoins die with me!


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Post by: - on June 03, 2011, 10:00:48 PM
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Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: Dude65535 on June 03, 2011, 10:08:05 PM
One solution would be to create a second encrypted copy of your wallet with a different password from your day to day use one and give out that password to trusted relatives. You then keep that second copy in a safe in your home so you can update the files as necessary.

If your safe is broken into and your bitcoins are stolen you can be fairly certain that it was one of the people you gave the password to and not a virus or key logger that got you.

If you want to be able to know exactly who stole them you could even create a separate encrypted copy with different passwords for each person with each one missing one private key with a very small amount of bitcoins available to it. If you find your self missing all your bitcoins except one of those addresses you would know who to go talk to.

As for stealing fund between your death and inheritance being given out and transactions between your death and the distribution of inheritance should be fairly easy to spot unless they are careful about pruning keys from the wallet.dat file.


Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: goatpig on June 03, 2011, 10:12:08 PM
I don't understand how this problem can't be countered with a simple will. Unless you're implying people are stupid enough to have several thousands of dollars worth of wealth not plan to pass it to someone. The problem isn't technical, simply PEBCAK.


Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: theymos on June 03, 2011, 10:13:17 PM
Can I spend the bitcoins myself while they are in limbo to my heir? (if not, its useless)

You can take money out of a pending transaction without having to sign an entire new transaction (using the alternate SIGHASH modes), but you need to share some new data with your heir if you ever want to add more funds to the transaction.

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Where is it documented and is there a client that can already do so?

It's in the code. There's no GUI for it yet.

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Are there safety issues?

You need to make sure you invalidate the transaction before it becomes locked.

nLockTime is enforced by the network, so there's no way to bypass it.


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Post by: - on June 03, 2011, 10:16:13 PM
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Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: SgtSpike on June 03, 2011, 10:17:05 PM
I don't understand how this problem can't be countered with a simple will. Unless you're implying people are stupid enough to have several thousands of dollars worth of wealth not plan to pass it to someone. The problem isn't technical, simply PEBCAK.
A piece of paper with the password to thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of dollars?  Sounds like a big risk to take, unless you are 100% trusting of whoever holds the will.

Of course, any decent lawyer isn't going to risk his livelihood for anything under 6 figures, but when you get higher up there in net worth (which could happen unexpectedly if we continue to have such extreme rallies on value), the incentive to steal becomes that much greater.  And many lawyers are sleezeballs to start with, so I wouldn't put it past one of them to steal from someone's will with a written password...


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Post by: - on June 03, 2011, 10:18:12 PM
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Post by: - on June 03, 2011, 10:19:18 PM
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Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: Vladimir on June 03, 2011, 11:57:30 PM
There is indeed "inheritance problem" and there are many solutions. You can mix and match solutions to best suit your needs. Now let's see what lego pieces we have here:

1. wallet.dat + the the rest of software i.e. bitcoin client, OS, encryption/description software plus expalnation notes/documentation + storage
2. "dead man" switch


1. wallet.dat + the the rest of software i.e. bitcoin client, OS, encryption/description software plus expalnation notes/documentation


Do not just pass wallet.dat, make sure that there is a complete suite of software and documentation is passed along it, preferably including bitcoin software and OS in a self contained and self sufficient package. Bootable USB stick sounds as a good idea. Note that lifetime of such sticks is limited 5-10 years maybe. Burn also image of such USB to a CD-R and/or DVD-R. On a plus side this allows one to use a linux distro which includes encrypted partitions. This gives a decently secure and reliable way to pass wallet.dat. Ultimately, one can get low cost netbook,  put everything there and store it securely. Than all you have to do is to pass access to such netbook along with the password and instructions/docs. There are many ways to do this step, chose what you think is the best for your circumstances.

See how we have simplified the problem now. Many copies of such netbook/USB/DVD-R encrypted are distributed using variety of methods the only problem left is to give your heirs a password message securely after the event. Here comes "dead man" switch

2. "dead man" switch

There are a few options. Check out https://www.deathswitch.com/ . Wills, lawyers, separate safe deposit boxes etc... You even could tell your child "I love you my sunny pumpkin" every evening when they go to bed and than say in "will" remember 6 words I told you every time you go to bed... this plus '34534dfgdskjhagdsgvsdfk3p98ulkjKhsdkfvskdfhblsdhbf' is the pass phrase, no spaces. Mix and match

Conclusion

Once we have separated the problem into 2 parts "encrypted data" and password, things get easier. Mix and match as you see fit. Keep things encrypted and documented. Keep password separate. Make sure your heirs get access to all pieces of the puzzle after you dead. Make sure nobody gets access to all pieces before the event.

Also consider inheritance taxes and how you want to get around those if at all. There are plenty if instruments like trusts etc... and if it done right it's a good thing. Considering that a few bitcoins might buy a mansion some day it probably worth taking professional advise on this matter.









Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: goatpig on June 04, 2011, 12:18:23 AM
I don't understand how this problem can't be countered with a simple will. Unless you're implying people are stupid enough to have several thousands of dollars worth of wealth not plan to pass it to someone. The problem isn't technical, simply PEBCAK.
A piece of paper with the password to thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of dollars?  Sounds like a big risk to take, unless you are 100% trusting of whoever holds the will.

Of course, any decent lawyer isn't going to risk his livelihood for anything under 6 figures, but when you get higher up there in net worth (which could happen unexpectedly if we continue to have such extreme rallies on value), the incentive to steal becomes that much greater.  And many lawyers are sleezeballs to start with, so I wouldn't put it past one of them to steal from someone's will with a written password...

This is a case of someone trying to run a proper business vs a one day lotto profit.

You did read the post, right?

How are they to access your encrypted wallet? ??? Or dont you encrypt the wallet?  :o
How can you easily pass them the key without risk?

Yes. Everything is within the will. What is to stop the legalities that surround wills to not be applied to a will holding BTC? You enter a contract with a third party to execute your will upon your death. The contract contains all the information necessary for the will to be processed + the value passed upon by that will, that the third party will naturally verify and publicize in the will, a copy of the public information that you and your heir will hold. If the third party screws you over, he is not only facing trial from your heir, but also losing all of his customers. From his stand point, he's better off offering proper business, same as it is done nowadays with any other form of wealth.

This is as if you consider BTC residing into some different dimension upon which common practice on wealth nowadays can't be reproduced. I'm kinda startled here.


Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: metamantis on June 04, 2011, 12:44:12 AM
Isn't it straight forward?
Have a binder with your will and documentation. In the will you establish someone to be the executor of the estate and to fulfill your wishes. Keep your Bitcoin information along with the account numbers and investment information you have in there and seal it so it will be obvious if it has been opened. That way when (not if) you change your will it will all be there on that shelf and in your lawyers office for verification of accuracy.
Yes sometimes the executor does not do things correctly, but then at least there is legal recourse. If you simply hand out your password for in the event of your death and never do proper estate planning, then it doesn't matter how much digital gold you leave your descendants as they will soon hate each other. Fighting over it.

Don't forget to update instructions on how to convert it to cash as some people may prefer hard cash especially if you die within the next $10 years. The messages of people asking how to get in will be nothing compared to people asking how to get out.



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Post by: - on June 04, 2011, 12:51:27 AM
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Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: FreeMoney on June 04, 2011, 01:00:39 AM

Don't forget to update instructions on how to convert it to cash as some people may prefer hard cash especially if you die within the next $10 years. The messages of people asking how to get in will be nothing compared to people asking how to get out.

A+ freudian


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Post by: - on June 04, 2011, 01:04:05 AM
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Post by: - on June 04, 2011, 01:15:58 AM
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Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: goatpig on June 04, 2011, 01:18:12 AM
I am kinda startled too. This is not about what is legal. Yes, I am talking about crime here.

Even nowadays third parties run with entrusted money if you just plain give it to them (often enough); its called theft or embazzlement... happens quite often. To me it seems you want to get rid of safety practices that are quite usual nowadays. We dont keep large amounts of cash lying around (even with the numbers written down). Bitcoins are somewhat more difficult to run with than plain cash (though more easy than cash in a bank account), but still. Actually, running away with bitcoins is trivial (and safe), spending them is a problem. But, there will be ways to launder bitcoins just as much as there are ways to launder money today.
Besides, I hope the third party doesnt publicize his business or he becomes a target himself. Lawyers who regularly have wills with password information and their client address book? Well, as a thief, I will certainly get into that lawyers office. (as a thief would nowadays if i knew sbd kept the safe-numbers of wealthy clients, yummy).

What you are suggesting to do with bitcoins, i dont think you would do with dollars.

A part of the problem arise because i consider it as a problem almost everybody will have to solve. Right now, if you have a safe with cash at home you might give your lawyer the number (i wouldnt), but part of the protection is that nobody knows your lawyer has the number (written down somewhere, i suppose) If that were commonplace... With everybody needing to find a solution for this problem... i wouldnt give my password to my lawyer, all i am saying.

Another problem is that its difficult for authorities to prove who transferred the bitcoins away (unless sbd starts spending). You transfer bitcoins to a new address and let them lie... The old owner will not ever get them back (unlike with real cash which can often be retrieved if traced), bitcoins can be traced but not retrieved... with actual cash or bank orders you can usually connect them to a person. I have trouble figuring out how you can pinpoint the lawyer as the guy who transferred your bitcoins to a new address (if he keeps them there and doesnt spend).

All i am saying is: Wallets with lots of bitcoins need to be secure. Encryption is way better than any way to secure money/cash currently (vulnerable to extortion though), but if fails when you die. So you have to find ways to securely pass on the password. And for that I considered various options, some quite comparable to safeguarding valuables today (where similar concerns about theft exist), some different because we are talking about a password that is only useful with the encrypted wallet (you have two parts, only together they are useful for a criminal - which is nice feature for this purpose).

But you seem to think you are protected by laws .... even if you make it easy for the criminals. *shrug* Sometimes works, sometimes it doesnt. I lock my door and do not rely on trespassing laws.

You problem seems to be at en ethical level rather than technological. There is 2 ways to pass something on to a second party as you die. Give it to that party straight up, expecting them to respect your wishes, which you openly advertise against, or use a 3rd party. Your problem is that you refuse to trust both hoping to solve the problem by involving neither. There might be a technological solution to that problem, like let's say email services that offer you the possibility to delay sending of the email unless you log in the account and push that date further. You can use a combination of several of these services to ensure both wallet and relevant passwords + data will eventually be sent to your heir unless you're present to prevent it.

Nevertheless, my point was that there exist services for such purpose already, and everyday people die, passing their wealth safely onto their dear ones. Involving a password isn't cause enough to refute the strength of the existing system. Several banks will require you to fill a pass key on top of having the keys to a deposit box before you get clearance to the box room. And life still goes on nevertheless. I'm not funding my trust in this system because of the local jurisdiction protection of private property, simply because it is a business, and a profitable one at that, which implies customers are getting what they're asking for. I find your distrust of the actual system a little disturbing considering it works fine, but then again you are entitled to your own opinion about what is trustworthy or not. Then again, to call it a "problem" seems far fetched to me.


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Post by: - on June 04, 2011, 01:35:46 AM
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Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: Raize on June 04, 2011, 01:40:23 AM
0110, what you talk about was the very first thing I considered when I went to purchase my first Bitcoin. I imagine any serious investor was thinking the same thing.


Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: Alex Beckenham on June 04, 2011, 01:43:39 AM
Sorry didn't read the whole thread yet, but one could just get (fiat) life insurance, to the value of their bitcoins.

Then when they die, yes the bitcoins are lost forever (transferring value to the other bitcoin holders), but your spouse still gets a payout (in fiat) equivalent to their worth.

Spouse could then use that to buy bitcoins if desired.


Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: rezin777 on June 04, 2011, 01:44:56 AM
Give half the password to the loved ones, put the other half in the SD box, safe, will, whatever.


Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: goatpig on June 04, 2011, 01:48:17 AM
Gods, i am falling asleep, but a reply is needed.

Worst offender: quoting you:"Several banks will require you to fill a pass key on top of having the keys to a deposit box before you get clearance to the box room. And life still goes on nevertheless." The code (if used) is usually not known by the heirs. A key is often missing. But this is no problem. Key difference: With proper documentation of death and inheritance the box is opened (drilled if need be) and the contents given over. That is impossible with an encrypted wallet and one of the key reason i come off as paranoid here.
If you read my original post again ... you will note that i do talk about trust, yes, but its a secondary issue. My main concern was always losing the passport (death of the persons you gave the password to, the same persons losing the password, etc.). Only in the discussions after that the talk centered mostly on trust/crime. The main advantage of the safe deposit box (which i preferred as an option, although i admitted that family/lawyers and even bank accounts! were valid options) is that there is a physical representation of the password there, with access quite secure even with the keys/codes to the box lost. (because the bank keeps the contracts)

("giving it to the party straigth up"): Read the paragraphs starting with "First, " and "Second, " again... There is nothing about trust there. Even trusting my heirs completely (which i do mine), there still significant problems. I gave my daughter my password. We both die in a car crash. How is my niece going to get the money? Should I also give her the password? Ive been in the same car with the both of them! How far do i spread it around before the password its beyond my control (simply because of negligence, not malicious intent)

Those are the 2 most important points I think (and related). We got on a tangent (trust/crime), which was never my main point (although it can be a problem and therefor should not be neglected; i wanted to list the problems thoroughly). My main point was losing the password in the process of getting it across. Crime comes into play once you try to solve the first problem by giving the password to ever more people.

I'm sleepy too here, but this need response as well.

I've laid that problem down already. If you can't trust the process of transmitting your wealth to a second party, then you have to trust a third, which you are reluctant to as well. If you think the deposit box is good enough to hold your wealth, since it can be accessed with proper proof of heirloom and your death, then don't encrypt the wallet in it. Somehow the fact that you can encrypt your wallet got you thinking you should keep it encrypted at all times. If proper protection can be provided without the need for encryption, why go all bananas over it?

As for technological solutions, I already provided you with one. And I can come up with more if need be. Running a piece of software upon your prolonged absence is hardly a technological barrier.


Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: Vladimir on June 04, 2011, 01:51:25 AM
Why not get two safe deposit boxes at different institutions than? One for the data and one for the password. The security game is risk assessment. You draw a list of risks. Than you come up with controls which mitigate those risks. That's it. Maybe you need more redundancy. Than 4 safe deposit boxes it is, 2 for password, 2 for data. Your mileage may vary.



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Post by: - on June 04, 2011, 02:16:56 AM
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Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: goatpig on June 04, 2011, 06:54:09 AM
Depending on the way the software is run... the trivial implementation would have the password stored somewhere in plaintext? (to send it along after some time) That does seems kind of weird, i could leave my wallet at home unencrypted doing that (almost)... i might just be misunderstanding your proposal.

:) Off to bed, hear from you tomorrow (well todays, its 4 am :)).

Since your password has to be passed down upon your death, the fair assumption is that it has to be maintained "accessible" somewhere to be passed upon. What is protecting your password in this situation is the inability to link it to the wallet through whatever process while it successfully unlock the funds if acquired by your heir. I agree with the general proposal that the wallet should be distributed to all the interested parties, and the password delivered upon death, makes things much simpler. Now there is several angles to approach this, anywhere from sending the funds directly to the distributed wallet or simply a password giving access to the encrypted data. But first we need to discuss what kind of service provides enough discretion while maintaining sufficient level of functionality.


Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: BeeCee1 on June 04, 2011, 01:06:24 PM
If you're worried about heirs stealing from each other you could make multiple wallet files and give each of them one encrypted wallet prior to your death, then put the passwords in the safe/safety deposit box (or vise-versa). Since each heir would only have their password they can't steal from each other. You can keep all the wallets zipped up and encrypted with a password that only you know so you can access them if needed.

If you stick with a single wallet, you could keep it encrypted in your safe then put the password in the safety deposit box.  You still have access to it for your spending needs when alive but your heirs get access when you die.  You could also put an unencrypted copy of the wallet in the safety deposit box but you'd have to make sure you update it occasionally so it doesn't run out of the pre-generated supply of keys.

I agree w/ one of the other posters that you'd also want to give them written instructions about how to access it, how to sell them, etc.


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Post by: - on June 04, 2011, 03:54:36 PM
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Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: TTBit on June 04, 2011, 11:36:44 PM
a) tattoo the password on the bottom of your foot.

b) How long of a password would I need to make it so it took a computer a year or so to crack? Put the data in a SDB, tell the lawyer that the data needs to be cracked, its a 20 char A-z password. When computers get 2x as fast, encrypt the encrypted file with another 20 char A-z.



Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: Alex Beckenham on June 05, 2011, 01:44:00 AM
but it has got nothing to do with passing on your bitcoins; you will still need a way to do that.

Exactly, because I care more about passing on the value of my bitcoins, rather than the bitcoins themselves.


Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: Sandoz on June 17, 2011, 06:00:50 AM
Nobody mentioned this option:
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamir's_Secret_Sharing

It basically allows you to share n parts of the key. You just need some of those (not all) to decrypt the wallet, which means you could give different parts of the key to lawyers, family members etc. If a few are lost, the wallet could still be decrypted!


Title: Re: Bitcoin - The Inheritance Problem (and the search for a reasonable solution)
Post by: bcearl on June 17, 2011, 09:14:15 AM
Whats the justification for the concept of inheritance in the first place?