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Other => Politics & Society => Topic started by: Slow death on July 14, 2017, 03:06:05 PM



Title: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Slow death on July 14, 2017, 03:06:05 PM
The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?

I believe that this is the problem of all countries, the sharing of the dead with the living.

https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/1/21/1421833639749/355d3aa0-1cbd-4d49-9974-3e4a1b5dfa08-2060x1236.jpeg?w=1140&q=55&auto=format&usm=12&fit=max&s=6ece3cf4b46ffb0c57966a03ebf3dfb9

https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/jan/21/death-in-the-city-what-happens-cemeteries-full-cost-dying

But why do people make cemeteries?

Why do not people incinerate their loved ones?

https://www.quora.com/Why-do-Hindus-burn-their-dead-while-Muslims-and-Christians-bury-them

http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1798345/jewish/Cremation-or-Burial.htm

From what I read the environmental advantages favor burial, but no one finds it strange to live with a cemetery?

In my country the cemeteries are in the cities, many times when I'm in the car next to a cemetery and what i see makes me shocked, while many people are in the cemetery with tears in their eyes to bury their loved one others are in cars with music with Loud sound, because the cemetery is in town and the young people are listening to music with loud sounds in their houses... I come to think:

What is the problem of this world?

why until today no one create an effective way to incinerate the dead, because to bury the dead will only bring many problems of space dispute between the dead and the living.



Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: BADecker on July 14, 2017, 03:24:06 PM
Everyone on Earth would fit in a cubic mile (http://wow-really.blogspot.com/2006/10/high-density-housing.html)


Really. You could put the entire population of the Earth in a space one mile wide, one mile deep, and one mile high (one cubic mile). We'd all fit in one small corner of the Grand Canyon, which would take about 2500 cubic miles of dirt (or people) to fill.

How do we know? One cubic mile is 147,197,952,000 cubic feet. If, on average, one human being takes up a space 2 feet by 2 feet by 6 feet it means we occupy 24 cubic feet per person. Sure, kids will have extra room and some of us will be a bit squished (or a lot if you're a flabby American); but on average that's about right.


Read more at http://wow-really.blogspot.com/2006/10/high-density-housing.html.


8)


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: maciak on July 14, 2017, 03:31:43 PM
So what do you propose? I heard of space program that may send embalmed corpses to space. But it will lead to more junk near Earth


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Slow death on July 14, 2017, 03:34:19 PM
Everyone on Earth would fit in a cubic mile (http://wow-really.blogspot.com/2006/10/high-density-housing.html)


Really. You could put the entire population of the Earth in a space one mile wide, one mile deep, and one mile high (one cubic mile). We'd all fit in one small corner of the Grand Canyon, which would take about 2500 cubic miles of dirt (or people) to fill.

How do we know? One cubic mile is 147,197,952,000 cubic feet. If, on average, one human being takes up a space 2 feet by 2 feet by 6 feet it means we occupy 24 cubic feet per person. Sure, kids will have extra room and some of us will be a bit squished (or a lot if you're a flabby American); but on average that's about right.


Read more at http://wow-really.blogspot.com/2006/10/high-density-housing.html.


8)

Oh, then there is space for everyone, but why the hell do they build these cemeteries in the cities? Let me guess, build the cemeteries in the cities to make it easier for people to go and visit their loved ones?

But this is just the problem, living near a cemetery is very embarrassing and frightening.



Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Slow death on July 14, 2017, 03:37:58 PM
So what do you propose?


Oh my suggestion: to remove the cemeteries from the cities and to create a machine that incinerates the dead, but must create a machine that does not harm the environment


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: krishnapramod on July 14, 2017, 04:35:41 PM
Imagine if the ancient Egyptians still ruled Egypt, more than half of Egypt would have been filled by pyramids ;D

For environmental reasons, cremation (does release pollutants such as mercury and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, but could be filtered out) is better than traditional burial.

Quote
Cremation might be preferable for environmental reasons. Burial is a known source of certain environmental contaminants, with the coffin itself being the major contaminant. Another environmental concern is that traditional burial takes up a great deal of space.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremation

For environmental reasons, natural burial is better than traditional burial.

Quote
Natural burial is the interment of the body of a dead person in the soil in a manner that does not inhibit decomposition but allows the body to recycle naturally. It is an alternative to other contemporary Western burial methods and funerary customs.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_burial

A good percentage of land area is taken up by cemeteries because of the monuments erected on it.

Metaphorical meaning of headstone.

Quote
A grave monument (or headstone) is a sign of respect or fondness, erected with the intention of commemorating and remembering a person.

For environmental reasons (less space) natural burial without headstone is better.

Metaphorical meaning of unmarked grave.

Quote
An unmarked grave is one that lacks a marker, headstone, or nameplate indicating that a body is buried there. As a figure of speech, a common meaning of the term "unmarked grave" is consignment to an ignominious end.

The religious aspect connected with burial and cremation is all about afterlife and reincarnation. No room for environmental sentiments.

Google, world running out of burial space and you will realize that it is a real concern in the near future. Burying the dead would turn into a booming business in the future, recycling graveyards.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Iranus on July 14, 2017, 05:30:29 PM
Everyone on Earth would fit in a cubic mile (http://wow-really.blogspot.com/2006/10/high-density-housing.html)


Really. You could put the entire population of the Earth in a space one mile wide, one mile deep, and one mile high (one cubic mile). We'd all fit in one small corner of the Grand Canyon, which would take about 2500 cubic miles of dirt (or people) to fill.

How do we know? One cubic mile is 147,197,952,000 cubic feet. If, on average, one human being takes up a space 2 feet by 2 feet by 6 feet it means we occupy 24 cubic feet per person. Sure, kids will have extra room and some of us will be a bit squished (or a lot if you're a flabby American); but on average that's about right.


Read more at http://wow-really.blogspot.com/2006/10/high-density-housing.html.


8)
This is about dead people.  We're talking about trying to preserve people's memory for hundreds of years.

Even if the population stays the same as it is now for ~100 years, we're talking about at least the same number of people as the population of the world.  They wouldn't all be buried and a lot of people are cremated, but the fact that they have that option is unusual.

There will come a time at which cemeteries are completely impractical, and it's already starting to come. 

If you ask me, people will just get cremated more often.  No big deal.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: maku on July 14, 2017, 06:59:02 PM
So what do you propose? I heard of space program that may send embalmed corpses to space. But it will lead to more junk near Earth
This option would be too extreme, too costly, too complicated and to be honest, we don't need it at all.
Christianity allows cremation of the body after death and many Christians prefer this method of burial rite.
The only main religion on earth which consider cremation bo be a sin is Islam. Cremation is considered by Islam to be haram, or an unclean practice.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: salinizm on July 14, 2017, 07:16:01 PM
I will ever never incinearate my beloved ones becase I  would always like to visit their graves . I think that dead people aren't actually dead and They can feel us whenever we visit them on their grave. I don't understand why you became irritated in graveyards but Death is as natural as birth and life.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: audaciousbeing on July 14, 2017, 07:19:43 PM
Cemeteries are every where and there is hardly anything anybody can do about it because it goes to the very basics of our humanity and even our loved ones to still feel the connection even if they are no longer with us. Over here, because of cultural beliefs, an individual will even state where exactly he wants to be buried in which his wishes must be respected as an honour to him despite the fact that he is no longer with us. I believe when it gets to a point where it becomes a social menace, a drastic action will be taken but for now, we just have to live with it.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: dippididodaday on July 14, 2017, 07:55:37 PM


The best thing to do with the dead is to create a botanical garden (with orchard sections - different fruit tree sections) outside (or not?) of town. The botanical garden should be architecturally planned with stunning layout and views and such, and cultivated and maintained and it should be very very pleasing to the eye, a place to find rest for your soul and to become quiet and serene and to reflect on the pleasant memories you hold of your loved one.

So now what happens to those people who want to bury their dead, they can choose which kind of tree, shrub, herb or grass they want their deceased loved one to lie under. The dead body should not be dressed or encased in wood or any material, but enhanced with compost and moisture to speed up the decay, which in turn will yield stunning beauty with released nutrients  to foster growth of the indicated plant type the loved ones choose. For instance, maybe a family loves apple trees and are attached to those and want an apple tree to grow where their loved one is buried. This will add to the beauty and be a practical solution to the traditional grave- and granite stone atrocities with illogically decorated caskets (6 feet under) we find in the middle of towns and cities.


[NB:Within the culture of burial practices (attached to certain belief systems), the dead body should in no way be altered or mutilated or changed, since it is still the image of the loved one who died. This does not apply to cremation practices, usually attached to different belief systems than those of burial practices, since the dead body in this case is burned to the raw elements it consisted of in a couple minutes.]


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: DunnoZawr on July 14, 2017, 08:22:34 PM
Incinerate bodies is the best option, you can throw ashes to the sea or keep them in your house, no need of cemeteries.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: coolcoinz on July 14, 2017, 09:33:52 PM
Let's not generalize that Hindus burn, while Christians bury. Christians support cremation, it's just that burying is the traditional way and most people still choose it due to this fact. Their grandparents and parents were buried and sometimes they want to join them in a family grave, but times slowly change and more people are choosing cremation due to growing prices of graveyard spots. Also these spots have to be maintained, so every X years your relatives have to rebuy it or they might be auctioned off to someone else.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: SugoiSenpai on July 14, 2017, 09:36:48 PM
I actually agree to your idea on incinerating the bodies, we could still keep the ashes in a vase so that, we do not need to have a cemetery our loved ones ashes are just in our house. It could provide a lot of space and it is the easiest way to prevent crowded places, and to have a lot of space. Having a burial is too much effort and too much time consuming, the dead are dead, they are not alive so incinerating them would'nt be a problem, the only problem is the mentality of the majority of people.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Slow death on July 14, 2017, 10:04:27 PM
the only problem is the mentality of the majority of people.

that is the problem.

In Africa, in my country in specific, there are people who make cemeteries in their own homes, this becomes even more frightening, these people refuse to remove their graves, so do cemeteries in the cities.

What happened:

In the past the city was small and the cemeteries were far from the cities, but in a few years the cities grew at a frightening pace and the cimiterios ended up staying inside the cities, the problem is that while they are buried a dead, one steps, other people then Laughing and drinking alcohol... you hear two sounds, some people cry because they have lost their loved ones and other people laugh because they are happy and everyone is in the same space.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: deejhay on July 15, 2017, 07:49:42 AM
true, in the past graves are 6 feet deep, now its 6 feet high above the ground and increasing.
so cremating is more practical, you wont have to pay for the lot which is very costly, also the coffin.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: viean on July 15, 2017, 08:06:15 AM
The best thing to renovate it is to donate the government some land to build another cemetery because the number of death is increase at a time


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: BitcoinSupremo on July 15, 2017, 11:33:31 AM
This problem can be easily solved. In Italy we use to lock the people up in coffins and put them in walls created specifically for the dead. However many other countries have a found a much better way, they create a big park within a few miles from the city with trees and grass where they bury their loved ones. I agree with this kind of burial as one may need the urge to go and see their loved one which has passed away, just to pass a few moments there. US has chosen this way of burying people.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: The_prodigy on July 15, 2017, 12:15:32 PM
This problem can be easily solved. In Italy we use to lock the people up in coffins and put them in walls created specifically for the dead. However many other countries have a found a much better way, they create a big park within a few miles from the city with trees and grass where they bury their loved ones. I agree with this kind of burial as one may need the urge to go and see their loved one which has passed away, just to pass a few moments there. US has chosen this way of burying people.

Cemeteries are important as it goves people a place to commemorate the loved one that died. But if you want to make it a sustainable solution. I believe that we can make use of cemeteries as a nature reserve. Where we can use the land or coffins as a place to alsogive birth to tress that we can look up to when we visit. I stead of expensive mausoleums and confined spaces. We can enjoy a picnic under a tree with its roots on the place where are loved one is buried.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: indrakusumaindra on July 15, 2017, 12:20:04 PM
we should make a building special for the dead, a high one.  so its wouldn't bother anyone in the city, well maintaned, clean and comfortably to be visited by people who had lost their loved ones. and this idea would become something good to solve the problem where no more land to be a cementries cause not everyone one their loved ones to be burned to ash. And i think it would be good thing to have somewhere to grief and remembering the good old days with the dead so you can move foward and still remember the thing that your loved one had done to your own self.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: joebrook on July 15, 2017, 12:46:41 PM
I have and will never be a fan of cemeteries, they just take too much space, if the loved ones wants to visit a dead relative, why dont they just cremate and store the ashes in a container and keep them in their houses. Lands are becoming expensive and there is lots of overcrowding almost everywhere.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Sithara007 on July 15, 2017, 12:54:14 PM
What about ocean burials? The corpse can be enclosed inside lead or steel caskets and these can be dropped to the ocean. And I don't think that the ocean will ever run out of space.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: dippididodaday on July 15, 2017, 04:46:47 PM

What about ocean burials? The corpse can be enclosed inside lead or steel caskets and these can be dropped to the ocean. And I don't think that the ocean will ever run out of space.


Never forget the gaseous effect of the workings of bacteria in the breaking down of organic material. What happens to gas under water? It is lifted up till it reaches the surface. I do not recommend, plus a huge waste of mined metals.



Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: tomotan on July 15, 2017, 04:52:13 PM
That is a very interesting topic....also a very profitable one


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Mometaskers on July 15, 2017, 05:06:39 PM
I think that photo was from here in the Philippines. In some parts these walls of niches can go up as high as 8 niches on top of each other. It's gotten so bad in public cemeteries that bodies are exhumed after 5 years and the bones moved to a smaller niche. It's also not helping that pretty much a lot of the public cemeteries (especially here in Manila) can no longer be expanded since they're not near the city edge.

They've started installing crematoria in many cemeteries here but so far adoption is slow. Most people would rather bury their dead. Our family don't have this problem since we were able to afford plots in a private cemetery farther into the countryside but I think that somehow just shifted the problem away.

More and more people would die and larger space would be need to bury them. IMHO the earth is for the living. Our bodies are no more when we die.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Sithara007 on July 16, 2017, 03:35:22 AM

What about ocean burials? The corpse can be enclosed inside lead or steel caskets and these can be dropped to the ocean. And I don't think that the ocean will ever run out of space.


Never forget the gaseous effect of the workings of bacteria in the breaking down of organic material. What happens to gas under water? It is lifted up till it reaches the surface. I do not recommend, plus a huge waste of mined metals.

Steel caskets will not float to the surface, no matter how much gases are produced inside them. They are quite heavy. But I agree, they are expensive and ocean burials can waste a lot of extracted metals.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Love! on July 16, 2017, 04:56:19 AM
If you ask me, people will just get cremated more often.  No big deal.

I second that. I also heard that after cremation, there is a way to compress the ashes to the point where you can make a diamond out of them.

How cool would that be?


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Vishnu.Reang on July 16, 2017, 06:49:36 AM
Being a Hindu, my tribe don't do burials. We go for cremation. And it is the most environmentally friendly method of disposing off the dead. Also, it saves a lot of valuable real estate space.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: freedomno1 on July 16, 2017, 10:05:11 AM
I'm sure space funerals will become a thing, but then be banned later because the caskets are moving to slow and they may become primary space corridors. That said cremation is an option that is gaining ground, along with multilevel funeral caskets, where they are stacked and buried with the deepest one then less deep above etc, atm I don't see a significant problem with it as long as the main plot land above can still be utilized.

The main issue would be in high density or really poor places where it doesn't make sense, having them in the countryside and making people drive seems like an ideal use for otherwise low utility space.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Mometaskers on July 17, 2017, 01:17:33 PM
I'm sure space funerals will become a thing, but then be banned later because the caskets are moving to slow and they may become primary space corridors. That said cremation is an option that is gaining ground, along with multilevel funeral caskets, where they are stacked and buried with the deepest one then less deep above etc, atm I don't see a significant problem with it as long as the main plot land above can still be utilized.

The main issue would be in high density or really poor places where it doesn't make sense, having them in the countryside and making people drive seems like an ideal use for otherwise low utility space.

I think just having the caskets out in space is dangerous. I mean, even now our satellites have problems with the risk of being hit by space debris from our other activities out there. Imagine have your small satellite up there getting hit by a casket showing out of nowhere.

As for multilevel niches, that's exactly what's in the picture. Cremation is still best when it comes to saving space. You can have the urns in a columbarium or even better, release the ashes back to nature. The main hindrance to adopting this is obviously religious. Anyone would agree it is practical.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: cherryganda on August 21, 2017, 03:17:16 PM
Everyone on Earth would fit in a cubic mile (http://wow-really.blogspot.com/2006/10/high-density-housing.html)


Really. You could put the entire population of the Earth in a space one mile wide, one mile deep, and one mile high (one cubic mile). We'd all fit in one small corner of the Grand Canyon, which would take about 2500 cubic miles of dirt (or people) to fill.

How do we know? One cubic mile is 147,197,952,000 cubic feet. If, on average, one human being takes up a space 2 feet by 2 feet by 6 feet it means we occupy 24 cubic feet per person. Sure, kids will have extra room and some of us will be a bit squished (or a lot if you're a flabby American); but on average that's about right.


Read more at http://wow-really.blogspot.com/2006/10/high-density-housing.html.


8)

Oh, then there is space for everyone, but why the hell do they build these cemeteries in the cities? Let me guess, build the cemeteries in the cities to make it easier for people to go and visit their loved ones?

But this is just the problem, living near a cemetery is very embarrassing and frightening.



come here in philippines you will be shock ...
living NEAR cemetery is embarrasing and frightening ??
how about my fellow filipinoes who has no house to live with ? who are less fortunate to have their lives good ??
they are not just near but they live in cemetery.. living in cemetery is have a home with your family and at the same time they find work as
 (SUPULTURERO) they are taking care of the cemetery and grave :)


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: nemagia on August 21, 2017, 03:21:05 PM
I think that it is necessary to cremate in order not to cause pollution to the environment and not to take a place on which it is possible to build something useful, but many religions do not allow burning the remains.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: bcnaranjo on August 30, 2017, 07:24:27 AM
At least a decent place for the dead must be provided, indeed it is. The problem is that there is no decent place for the living, that is why the share place with dead in the cemeteries, this is the real situation that has to be on the attention of the government officials.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Avametra on August 30, 2017, 03:29:23 PM
Cemeteries take up too much space, but after a while they are destroyed and houses built there. If you look deep into history, then earlier in this place where we live could be someone's burial.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: galestorm on August 30, 2017, 03:55:26 PM
Cemeteries take up too much space, but after a while they are destroyed and houses built there. If you look deep into history, then earlier in this place where we live could be someone's burial.

Makes me remember the time where i found out the the school that i went to in highschool was actually a cemetary. I really dont know the history behind why the cemetary was turned into a place of education. It really is creepy when you find out the history of such a place.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Spendulus on October 15, 2020, 12:18:00 AM
I have and will never be a fan of cemeteries, they just take too much space, if the loved ones wants to visit a dead relative, why dont they just cremate and store the ashes in a container and keep them in their houses. Lands are becoming expensive and there is lots of overcrowding almost everywhere.

Soylet Green.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: af_newbie on October 15, 2020, 02:06:34 AM
I have and will never be a fan of cemeteries, they just take too much space, if the loved ones wants to visit a dead relative, why dont they just cremate and store the ashes in a container and keep them in their houses. Lands are becoming expensive and there is lots of overcrowding almost everywhere.

Existing cemeteries should be destroyed and new homes, schools built in their place.  No more new cemeteries.  They serve no purpose.
Waste of resources.

Human corpses should be cremated and ashes used in ag industries, or given back to families if desired.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Spendulus on October 16, 2020, 09:59:10 PM
.

Makes me remember the time where i found out the the school that i went to in highschool was actually a cemetary. I really dont know the history behind why the cemetary was turned into a place of education. ...

That would explain why high school was so weird.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: AjithBtc on October 16, 2020, 11:24:06 PM
Whether you bury, or incinerate it is upon the religious belief. In my country there are atheist who doesn't believe in religion, but the burial takes place based on their caste. So, this differs with the religion and on other factors.

In my country whether it is City, Town or Village we've got separate place allocated for it. Different practice of space allocation is done, and in my locality people get burried and once the entire space is filled they start digging from the very first place again.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: vapourminer on October 17, 2020, 10:45:02 AM
cemeteries they exist now take up space. seems eventually that space will be reclaimed and sold for housing or whatever.

i prefer cremation. an urn takes up very little space. as a bonus no alien species thousands of years from now will be able to grab some dna from my corpse and clone me into a food source or slave or whatever.


Title: Re: The problem of cemeteries and until where the cemeteries will be sustained?
Post by: Spendulus on October 17, 2020, 03:19:00 PM
I have and will never be a fan of cemeteries, they just take too much space, if the loved ones wants to visit a dead relative, why dont they just cremate and store the ashes in a container and keep them in their houses. Lands are becoming expensive and there is lots of overcrowding almost everywhere.

Existing cemeteries should be destroyed and new homes, schools built in their place.  No more new cemeteries.  They serve no purpose.
Waste of resources.

Human corpses should be cremated and ashes used in ag industries, or given back to families if desired.

There's a much simpler way, which is just to dump all the coffins at the edges of Washington DC. Over time they can level the mound say at 300' higher than the initial ground level. Then the trucks drive up, and dump their loads.

It might take a decade or two but the swamp would be filled in, and the swamp creatures would be no more.