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Other => Beginners & Help => Topic started by: gogismamero on September 11, 2017, 07:56:20 AM



Title: What is the weight of a 256 bit number ?
Post by: gogismamero on September 11, 2017, 07:56:20 AM
What is the weight of a 256 bit number.

is there a way to reduce its size ?


Title: Re: What is the weight of a 256 bit number ?
Post by: Lauda on September 11, 2017, 12:05:34 PM
"Weight"? Do you mean the size that it occupies (not that this question makes sense)? It's literally in its name: 256 bits or 32 bytes.


Title: Re: What is the weight of a 256 bit number ?
Post by: Indighost on September 11, 2017, 12:40:52 PM
what do you mean? bits and bytes are not physical and have therefore no weight


Title: Re: What is the weight of a 256 bit number ?
Post by: Foxpup on September 11, 2017, 04:06:50 PM
bits and bytes are not physical and have therefore no weight
Not true. Information storage requires a certain amount of entropy, which in turn requires energy in proportion to the temperature of the storage medium, and since energy produces gravity just as mass does, bits and bytes do in fact have weight, though far too little to be worth talking about normally. Specifically, a 256-bit number requires kBln(2256) = 2.45x10-21J/K of entropy, which at room temperature corresponds to 7.35x10-19J of energy or 8.17x10-36kg of mass. For comparison, this is about 200 million times less than the mass of a proton.

This may not seem like much, but it does put a hard limit on the matter and energy requirements of computational processes. Iterating through all possible states of a 256-bit number requires 2256 times more energy than storing it once, which at 3 Kelvin (the average temperature of the Universe, and hence the best you can do as far as practical cooling is concerned) means 8.51x1056J or 9.46x1039kg, about 5 billion times the mass of the Sun. This makes brute-forcing 256-bit keys somewhat impractical. ;)

(I hope I haven't screwed up my math as I'm prone to do at this hour, but the numbers seem about right.)