|
Title: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: Spark-crypto on March 21, 2014, 08:49:23 PM Spark: The future is now Thread 1 of 4 : Unveiling https://i.imgur.com/SZuDdMO.gif This post will be concise, and use simple language. The second thread next week will go more into detail about various aspects of Spark. Spark is a brand new cryptocurrency made by a team of 3 professional developers who wish to remain anonymous. It takes the best from all the interesting cryptocurrencies out there (bitcoin, nextcoin, darkcoin) and mixes it with fresh and new ideas. Below is a summary of all the important/interesting points relating to Spark. The next thread will talk about some of these points in detail. https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif A brand new start The spark code base is 100% new. It is not a fork of an existing cryptocurrency. Spark eliminates the clumsy/bloated blockchain and replaces it with what we call « Spark clouds », decentralized ledgers that shut down once they get too big Spark clouds can emit near instant transactions (less than 10 seconds) which we call « Lightning bolts », if you set a high enough fee compared to the other outgoing transactions at the time you emit it. Normal transactions are still very fast (should never be more than a minute), and will never get stuck in limbo if you set no fee, like bitcoin transactions tend to https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif The self-sustained spark network As proof of work mining is a waste of energy that might reach environmentally disastrous proportions, Spark can not be mined at all Instead, inflation is introduced through a standard proof of stake model, with 10% new coins minted each year, except the first year where no extra coins will be generated On top of the annual proof of stake inflation (distributed every day), mining fees will be proportionally redistributed to stakeholders Spark's proof of stake does not require wallets to be unlocked and open, all they have to do is exist. Yes, you will get PoS revenue from your cold storage Only a spark node can recieve a lightning bolt (super fast) transaction. This encourages businesses or other heavy Spark users to support the network by hosting nodes https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif A coin with real life uses The speed of Spark transactions, especially lightning bolt transactions, makes it appealing for online or offline businesses to use as an actual means of payment Transactions can have attached messages, which is an extremely important feature for commercial usages (attaching a user id, a command id, an invoice id, etc) Public keys can have aliases, which businesses can use for simplicity. For example, you would send your coins to the wallet Gamecompany instead of sending it to a random hash that you'd never be able to memorize Sparks are divisible by up to 10 units, making them much more efficient than bitcoin for micro transactions. If Spark value goes up, we will increase this number Wallets have an open plugin system that lets you build anything on top of them (in Python 3) A demo plugin that greatly simplifies Spark related accounting for businesses will be released with the wallets The wallet runs on every major OS (including our beloved FreeBSD), and a special lightweight wallet (called sparkyd) will be offered to exchanges on release https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif True anonimity In the spirit of cryptocurrency, we believe that anonimity is a very important feature, and we live by the way we think Spark implements a mixing method that makes it extremely hard to trace transactions if you are not aware of their txid. All transactions, even past ones, are constantly mixed within the spark clouds, which makes it harder to trace them than the currently existing coin mixing implementations The team decided to remain anonymous on purpose, but we do intend to support the coin and keep churning bugfixes and releases, as we do believe in the importance of cryptocurrency We are three professional developers who know each other in real life, and have worked on past crypto currency related projects. This is all you will ever know about the Spark team https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif Number crunch and distribution model There will be 1 000 000 000 (one billion) sparks distributed initially, with nothing at all premined or reserved for the developers There are no block times, as there is no block chain. Spark clouds are spawned and/or transactions written into spark clouds when the nodes deem it necessary As we have sadly not found a better distribution model, we will have to resort to an IPO to distribute the initial Sparks The IPO will be fair for everyone involved, and we will guarantee that coins are not wasted or stolen by using a trusted escrow service for the IPO instead of collecting it ourselves You will be given 10% of the Sparks you have bought through the IPO every month for ten months. This is to ensure that the market does not get flooded all at once, and has time to develop. The bitcoins raised during the IPO will be used exclusively for the promotion of Spark. The escrow we have contracted will directly spend the coins for us when needed, we will never touch them https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif https://i.imgur.com/rRY7MUg.gif Welcome to the future Spark is a project that was started in secret in November 2013, and we are glad to finally be able to share it with you. Feel free to ask all the questions you want in this thread, we will answer it in the next thread. There should be about one week, more or less, between each thread. Thread 2 of 4 will be going into detail about any topics that people are curious about. Thread 3 of 4 will be the IPO and fund raising for Spark. We will reveal our escrow system at that time. This phase will last for 20 days. Thread 4 of 4 will be the Spark release. In order to not get beaten at our own game, the source code and wallets will be released only then. We are however open to giving the micro wallet (sparkyd) to exchanges before the Spark release date, to ensure a smooth launch. See you in the next thread. - The spark team - Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: wolfspilz on March 21, 2014, 08:54:48 PM ok lets see, 8)
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: LordCoder on March 21, 2014, 08:55:22 PM Looking promising.
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: gutshot on March 21, 2014, 08:56:48 PM sounds very interesting - finally something different! Good work ;D
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: GBattaglia on March 21, 2014, 08:57:00 PM So without the blockchain, what happens exactly when a "Spark Cloud" gets shutdown? Are the transaction records no longer available to anyone?
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: Gunther on March 21, 2014, 08:59:38 PM *interested!*
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: odin99 on March 21, 2014, 09:02:44 PM fascinating evolution. great ideas.
q: have the devs worked on other coins, if so can we know which ones? edit: and thanks for not calling it Sparkcoin.... Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: wosch on March 21, 2014, 09:06:24 PM very interesting. will follow closely.
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: coin123123 on March 21, 2014, 09:07:22 PM So without the blockchain, what happens exactly when a "Spark Cloud" gets shutdown? Are the transaction records no longer available to anyone? without blockchain its centralized coinTitle: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: WutriCoin on March 21, 2014, 09:10:02 PM Excellent, looking forward for more information
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: nave on March 21, 2014, 09:13:01 PM So without the blockchain, what happens exactly when a "Spark Cloud" gets shutdown? Are the transaction records no longer available to anyone? I'm also very curious as to how this works and maintains the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies. Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: hypersire on March 21, 2014, 09:17:51 PM Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: YouIsPeng on March 21, 2014, 09:23:24 PM Let me get this straight, you want to remain anonymous yet you want me to send you BTC in exchange for some of your 'Sparks' - do you think people are crazy? How is this a 'cryptocurrency' if there is no cryptography involved? You are just asking me to buy an untested and brand new coin direct from its developers. I can go out and buy some Dollars or Yen or Euros right now, which actually have a demonstrated and current value, and more importantly are actually being used by millions of people right now!!
People want coins that can me mined with their hashing power, not bought at a pre-determined arbitrary rate from people they can't trace. I will be very interested to see how much you are going to sell your Sparks for, as you are essentially setting up your own BTC market at a pre-determined price, thinly veiled as an IPO. I'm sure you will argue this point, but all your plan boils down to is 1) I send you BTC 2) You send me some Sparks over 10 months. This means you have decided the exchange rate from the start, which will very likely be way-off what the market decides they are worth. The market should decide how much a currency is worth, not its developers. With your IPO you are effectively selling a commodity that is a) not tested in the market and b) could easily settle at a value way below what you are selling it for. This is exactly the same as me minting a load of coins in my basement, calling them NewDollars and selling them to people for $1USD each then hoping that people will actually use them. A currency will only be useful if it is adopted and used widely. Which you cannot guarantee. All of the other features of your coin sound very good ideas, but MAKE IT MINEABLE otherwise it has no inherent value. My advice to all is STAY AWAY and KEEP YOUR HARD EARNED BTC (or sell them for Fiat) don't waste them on this nonsense. Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: lolcoind on March 21, 2014, 09:25:40 PM POOL I LIKE IT
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: hypersire on March 21, 2014, 09:37:24 PM Let me get this straight, you want to remain anonymous yet you want me to send you BTC in exchange for some of your 'Sparks' - do you think people are crazy? How is this a 'cryptocurrency' if there is no cryptography involved? You are just asking me to buy an untested and brand new coin direct from its developers. I can go out and buy some Dollars or Yen or Euros right now, which actually have a demonstrated and current value, and more importantly are actually being used by millions of people right now!! My advice to all is STAY AWAY and KEEP YOUR HARD EARNED BTC (or sell them for Fiat) don't waste them on this nonsense. Well you've certainly shown that you can write, now you just need to learn how to read: Quote The IPO will be fair for everyone involved, and we will guarantee that coins are not wasted or stolen by using a trusted escrow service for the IPO instead of collecting it ourselves Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: sonysasankan on March 21, 2014, 09:37:51 PM So without the blockchain, what happens exactly when a "Spark Cloud" gets shutdown? Are the transaction records no longer available to anyone? I'm also very curious as to how this works and maintains the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies. From what I could make of it, I think the spark clouds are non-nodes, and is basically used to do confirmations and temporarily store records till a size quota is reached. Those opting to become nodes uses more resources to store and process the records and will not shut down like the spark clouds. In return, they get to keep the thunderbolt fee (or whatever its called) as a maintenance fee. Of course I could be wrong.... I cant even get "hello world" to show up :-X Might get some proper answers when the thread sequel comes. Interesting coin none the less... Its all about the name and the coin logo these days :P Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: sonysasankan on March 21, 2014, 09:43:22 PM Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: barbaricmustard on March 21, 2014, 09:45:13 PM Not liking "IPO Only".
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: B2BigAl on March 21, 2014, 09:45:58 PM Well, I was excited until I read "can not be mined at all". So its a 100% IPO coin. How is this a good idea?
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: damiano on March 21, 2014, 09:52:32 PM Interesting
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: NoUseForACoin on March 21, 2014, 09:52:48 PM Well, I was excited until I read "can not be mined at all". So its a 100% IPO coin. How is this a good idea? yup http://youtu.be/_s0195Inv3E?t=1m24s Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: Rune on March 21, 2014, 09:58:15 PM 100% IPO is lame. You will receive nothing from me
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: stealth923 on March 21, 2014, 10:03:04 PM So you are taking the best of BitCoin, Dark and NXT.
Do you plan on writing over 10,000 lines of code just for the anonymity piece like the Dark team has done or wait until they finish all the hard innovative work so you can rip it off? Same goes for NXT....a lot of dev has gone into that as well. IPO - People are tired of this shit - you want us to throw you money based on what you think the coin is worth.....then it hits the market and crashes. YOU WILL GET NOTHING FROM ME Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: Michael Becker on March 21, 2014, 10:13:37 PM Interesting to see negativity in a self moderated thread.
I would see it as a positive sign if none of the negative posts get removed. Keeping a close eye. Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: odorico2006 on March 21, 2014, 10:23:26 PM Wow, it seems sth new.
Let's look. Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: hopped on March 21, 2014, 10:24:15 PM A new coin with no premine sweet , but wait the only way to distribute the coins is through ipo so 100% premine then as that is what it is.
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: edok on March 21, 2014, 10:32:11 PM I actually prefer an escrowed IPO so I'm looking forward to this. I'm not a miner so I appreciate a launch that gives everyone an opportunity to invest. Miners don't like this because they mine a bunch of them when the diff is low on day 1 and on day 3 dump them on people who actually want to invest. Why should I need to have a mining rig setup to get in early on a coin?
Miners are becoming middlemen and the price is paid by anyone trying to invest without the technical knowledge required for setting up a rig. Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: wangdaniel2014 on March 21, 2014, 10:32:25 PM Some questions: 1. Set a IPO cap. 2. Distribution in 10 months is totally a joke. Make market smooth? Or market will crash if the coins being distributed at once? You know what happened to NXT. 3. Most coins are in your hands. So you can manipulate the market for at least ten months. Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: vitarian on March 21, 2014, 10:38:01 PM Can we just jump to thread 4 and skip all the crap in between? ??? ??? ???
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: forgetme on March 21, 2014, 10:39:04 PM Hi there! I've seen you're launching coin same days as KimoCoin will be launched too!!
It's quite different from your coin so check it out the official thread, could be good for the ones who likes Pow/pos hybrid with smooth scrypt jane & adaptive n-factor! KimoCoin Official Thread---> https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=524216.msg5812477#msg5812477 (https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=524216.msg5812477#msg5812477) Good luck to your coin anyway! Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: wangdaniel2014 on March 21, 2014, 10:42:10 PM As we have sadly not found a better distribution model, we will have to resort to an IPO to distribute the initial Sparks A new coin with no premine sweet , but wait the only way to distribute the coins is through ipo so 100% premine then as that is what it is. 100% IPO is really not a good idea. "no better model" is a greedy excuse. C2 and Faircoin did well. Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: The One on March 21, 2014, 10:53:52 PM Blah
Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah Blah There will be 1 000 000 000 (one billion) sparks distributed initially, with nothing at all premined or reserved for the developers 100% IPO. Well, why bother doing premine or instamine when it's more profitable to scam BTC through another pathetic IPO scam. No flowery words, no medicore graphics, no long waffling will ever get any sane intelligent people involve in this. Only the idiot would buy any of your sparky shitcoin. Don't waste any more time on your scam. Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: lemfuture on March 21, 2014, 11:08:32 PM open source?
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: Michael Becker on March 22, 2014, 10:31:10 AM I'm curious, why does everyone around here seem to hate IPOs so much?
If they are done with a trusted escrow like OP says, are they so bad? Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: crimealone on March 22, 2014, 10:37:12 AM interested
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: hypersire on March 22, 2014, 10:38:09 AM I'm curious, why does everyone around here seem to hate IPOs so much? If they are done with a trusted escrow like OP says, are they so bad? It's because of all the IPO scams that have happened over the last couple of months, but as you pointed out, if they are using a trusted escrow then that shouldn't be a concern. Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: FanEagle on March 22, 2014, 10:45:54 AM Please... Next coin please.
I don't like this concept at all. Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: ariesjia on March 22, 2014, 01:19:55 PM Excellent, interesting
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: zifcom on March 22, 2014, 01:20:43 PM interested
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: her0 on March 22, 2014, 01:21:25 PM jsut so so
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: supersuber on March 22, 2014, 01:24:18 PM Very Interesting
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: factorfftt on March 22, 2014, 01:27:50 PM Interested
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: gubutou on March 22, 2014, 01:30:54 PM Looking forward to your work!
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: fakeshadow on March 22, 2014, 01:31:23 PM interested ;D
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: weichao on March 22, 2014, 01:31:31 PM reserved.
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: englishbad on March 22, 2014, 01:32:07 PM :)
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: benyate on March 22, 2014, 01:33:56 PM it seems sth new，look
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: lounge on March 22, 2014, 01:34:35 PM Interesting
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: gx_1234 on March 22, 2014, 01:35:46 PM Like it
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: snapped on March 22, 2014, 01:41:40 PM So escrow will hold all the BTC and 90% of Spark? Who will be ditributing Monthly Spark?
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: leetrump on March 22, 2014, 01:43:33 PM ;D like it！
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: sunny168 on March 22, 2014, 01:44:22 PM Interested
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: italovers on March 22, 2014, 01:44:31 PM Interesting
;D Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: wqdqszj on March 22, 2014, 02:03:04 PM keep watching :)
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: Touqia on March 22, 2014, 03:03:33 PM I like it,good luck.
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: jesor on March 22, 2014, 03:12:43 PM "3 professional developers who wish to remain anonymous"
THIS is what wrong with cryptos these days, everyone just hides behind some fake ID's, premine the shit out of stuff and abandon their coin once they made profit and just do it all over again under new usernames. And even if there's no premine, you won't get any trust from people when you want to remain anonymous. Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: Issac on March 22, 2014, 04:20:27 PM Interested
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: Troesian on March 22, 2014, 06:45:05 PM Bookmarked
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: SphelonE on March 22, 2014, 09:49:29 PM I hope this is serious
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: Vann on March 22, 2014, 09:57:03 PM Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: weichao on March 23, 2014, 01:19:30 AM "3 professional developers who wish to remain anonymous" THIS is what wrong with cryptos these days, everyone just hides behind some fake ID's, premine the shit out of stuff and abandon their coin once they made profit and just do it all over again under new usernames. And even if there's no premine, you won't get any trust from people when you want to remain anonymous. +1 Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: wwdz99 on March 23, 2014, 04:45:38 AM very Interesting,still focus.
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: sq on March 23, 2014, 05:11:06 AM Interesting... but we'll see...
Title: Re: [PRE-ANN] Spark: Whole new codebase for a whole new crypto [1/4] Post by: KoshaKosha on March 23, 2014, 05:21:39 AM looking forward
|
