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Africa, a continent to billion of people, having many agricultural and mineral resources, it is home to many tourist centers. Africa is located in region not subjected to many natural diseasters like earth quake and hurricane. Africa so blessed to be a continent that can run on its own with the natural resources they have.

https://i.imgur.com/LkIQAjm.jpg
https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/interactive/2016/10/mapping-africa-natural-resources-161020075811145.html

Despite all natural resources embedded in Africa, they are always lacking and behind other continents. Most if not all the countries in Africa are regarded as third world country (poor nations). Why are Africa countries remaining underdeveloped or developing when they have what they can use to grow and develop.

In Africa, getting good education is not easy, rich people and the so called politicians are getting quality education for their children abroad, if they are ill, they travel oversea for treatment, good example are the governors and presidents in Africa including their relative, they make the Africa hospitals not suitable and good enough for medical teatments, that is why many Africa medical practitioners are travelling oversea and never coming back too. Corruption, nepotism and thinking of their families but not multitudes has devastated Africa into a poor standard of living nations. After all these, Africa countries lack employment while most that are employed are underemployed, making them to be poor countries truly. There have always been persistent increases in inflation, this makes me conclude African leaders are not capable to making their countries to be developed.

What makes me more sad about all these is that Africa countries can not make use of what they have properly (natural resources), and now the world has moved more towards technology, how will Africa properly handle what they are lacking. Technology wise, Africans are nothing in the world for now.

I am just thinking if all these can change, I wish many Africa countries to be developed. What can possibly lead to Africa countries getting advanced so the quality of living in the continent will improve?

The development of Africa is a long road down and its not something that can be fixed or explained by just one factor. In light of that, there is absolute need to mention that countries that started the path of development less than a century ago cannot expected to be at the pace of those that started about few centuries back.

Africans can continue to blame colonization on their woes but colonialism is an excuse that have become vague in recent times because even the early African countries to break away from colonization are still grappling with the bane of development.

When African countries are serious about getting it right, the first is their set of leaders after which they should focus on putting the right structures in place whether in the public or private sector. Until then, their development is would be a longer walk to freedom.

Regardless of the number of resources available, if not managed properly, the region would remain underdeveloped. Corruption and mismanagement are the major barriers in Africa.
Using Nigeria as a microcosm of the continent, the nation discovered crude oil almost a century ago, becoming the major natural resource. This discovery was expected to bring major growth and industralisation which was not the case;
• The region which was the major source of oil still remained developed and even suffered from regular oil spills, depleting the environment and harming the people, this led to conflicts further slowing development.
• Agriculture was the major source of revenue before oil, but was neglected after leading to a depletion of the sector. With the over dependency on oil there was no support for the economy as the oil sector failed.

The system has to be changed. Africans countries like Rwanda with a credible government has been developing. Long periods of credible leadership in various sensitive sectors would be necessary for the development of the economy.

We can say that Africa is blessed with natural resources, but these resources won't work on their own to improve African countries. For me, one of the primary reason is corruption. It's already given that they have resources that can be their asset but because of mismanagement and corruption of some people, the people can't benefit from it. With corruption, there is a lack of education, health care system, and development because they don't prioritize it. Also, wars, terrorism, and other conflicts are visible in African countries that are also one of the factors.

So I guess in order to slowly fix the problems, they need to have good and efficient authorities to lead them.

Corruption is way too prevalent in Africa. It's like the saying A dog doesn't know the true value of a jewel even when he picks it up (or something similar to that). They don't understand how valuable Africa is, and how they could've easily escaped from their current problems right now if only their Government knew how to manage their country properly. Factors such as colonialism doesn't really help them from developing much as well.

First move of theirs should probably cleansing their government as well as stopping the blame of their economy regressing because of colonialism. After that, as long as someone responsible is under control, then their problems with regards to infrastructure and trading should easily resolve itself with time, which is one of their main problems right now when you exclude corruption.

I think that's the main one. Africa went straight from traditional ways of life to foreign plunder with nothing in the middle. The majority of the world is corrupt but many places also managed to develop at a reasonable pace to offset some of the misery it creates.

There's enough progress now in Africa for the corrupt to get fat on it and once they're ensconced they're dug in forever.

When people talking about Africa, people thought that it is a continent where the poverty rate is so high but not all of African countries are like this because some of them have good economy growth in these past years but I cannot deny the fact that there are some countries in Africa where the corruption is so massive where a lot of people do not get the right treatment that their government should give to them.

They have a broken system but it doesn't mean that they will be forever to experience that, through cooperation and through voting the right candidates in there government; for sure they can fix the problem and able to develop their counties as well as lessen the poverty rate.

Not just in Africa but most of those third world countries have this problem a well, corrupt leaders are the very reasons why such rich in natural minerals countries still not progressing,. If they only look for the country as a whole and not just aiming to gain coming from the power that they've got being voted
by people who are hoping that changes will come and saves them.


If those political leaders who manage to have proper educations will use it as a serving tools to improve the nations, they'll have a good chance to improve, it's all about how they'll handle the government, economy will grow once the government officials that surround this land will think for the best of everyone and not just for someone.

African countries need order (proper government and political stability) before we talk about economic development, just like the middle east. As long as militias and terrorists are rampaging across countries, people cannot use their maximum potential to work.

https://www.travelinglifestyle.net/most-dangerous-countries-africa/

This situation is far more complicated than a mere economic problem. Politics and conflict resolution aren't my area of study, so with my limited knowledge, I think they need a strong military leader with an authoritarian regime to bring stability, then move to a democratically elected government. Perhaps there will be lots of death before it happens.

You should note a few things, before you make bold statements like that :

Did you know Africa had it's own centralized digital currency, before Bitcoin was developed? It is called M-Pesa and has over 37 million active customers and almost 400,000 active agents operating across 7 countries: the Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique and Tanzania. Source : https://www.vodafone.com/what-we-do/services/m-pesa  ( Established on 6th March 2007 by Vodafone's Kenyan associate, Safaricom )

Did you know Elon Musk came from Africa? Also, Elon Musk is the 5th-wealthiest person in the world, according to Forbes. Elon Musk became the fifth-richest person in the world on Monday, according to Forbes. His net worth is valued at over $74 billion. Source : https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-fifth-wealthiest-person-world-forbes-list-net-worth-2020-7 

Do you know, Mark Shuttleworth?  - Net worth: $ 1 billion (2017) He was involved with digital certificates and Internet security and sold his company called, Thawte to the well known VeriSign. He also funded the development of Ubuntu, a Linux distribution based on Debian, where he was a developer.

Mark Shuttleworth gained worldwide fame on 25 April 2002, as the second self-funded space tourist and the first-ever South African in space.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Shuttleworth

Africa does have a lot of resources, but they are being tapped by first world countries for those resources and then those very same resources are then processed and refined and sold back to them for a huge profit. (The Chinese are one of the biggest culprits, because they keep the skills and manufacturing plants in China and they know how to capitalize on the government corruption in Africa.)  >:(

I think it would be difficult if the residents within the country themselves don't help in the development role of their own people, let's say rich people are only busy thinking about themselves if they help develop or open new businesses maybe the population in Africa will be more advanced in a few decades because their natural resources are very sufficient, it's just that human resources are not sufficient to manage them, not only in Africa, but almost all over the world, this happens, it's just that in Africa it is probably the worst.

They can't help if the government who are controlling the economy are corrupt, most people
are starving due to corruptions.
People can help if leaders are good, if they have concrete plans to develop the country, and
if they using the budget in the places.


They have natural resources and the whole world knew that, but without good plans and good
guidance it will be all wasted.


Good Samaritan that will lead them to make the country more better than the current situation
they in need of people who will really care for them.
Not just for the wealth but for the continuous progress and let along to stand on their own using
their own natural resources.

For any nation and any country in all over the world, the rulers will chose and decide if they can get developed or not, by the actions and decisions, but the rulers are chosen between the people, so they is to educate and develop the normal people. If you look at the history of the most successful and developed countries, you will see the key was always to have the educated and loyal people, because these people will soon become a president/leader and make decisions for their counties, here the decisions are depending the their past and how they rise. For the African countries, most of they are actually laying on natural resource treasures if the leaders manage the resources they can be developed and rich countries. In the other hand, in my own idea, traditions and religions are damaging the development progress.

One thing I’m pretty sure about African is that, they surely have good education but it’s always from abroad. When I was back in England, I had like 50% of students around me who were from Africa continent.

I mean it’s a small example but they do have capabilities of scholarships and cracking IELTS exam. Looking at it the number might be higher in USA since that’s most liked destination for study.

If they start bringing this knowledge back in Africa then things could change around there.

Everything takes time, and surely Africa will be in the list.

We all know that many people say that people in Africa are having a hard time because most of their areas are rural areas.

They don't really adapt modernization and advancement of technology and still they are experiencing poverty.

But one of the things that i'm amazed with them is that I've read some article that they already have a Bitcoin ATM that some other countries don't have. Their approach towards cryptocurrency are really good and with that, I can see that they have a lot of potential to developed in terms of technology and economy because they have a lot of agricultural resources and commodities to utilize.

In that continent where most of the leaders are highly corrupted and that is the primary reason why people are not getting their basic needs even though the country is rich enough with all the natural resources.There are many African celebrities are trying to save their people from the poor but they can only do some extent and this is on the hand of their citizens to choose the right leaders.

We can all agree that Africa is one of a kind place in the planet, they got the most precious natural resources in the world but despite of that nature abundance they are suffering from military dictatorships, corruption and civil war making a huge hindrance of their growth as a nation. The poverty in Africa is way more deep than any country has, the poverty they are experiencing right now is still coming from the past, the long term impacts of genocide, slavery, and war. It is good to see that countries in Africa like Nigeria starts developing, I hope we'll see a lot more of underdeveloped countries coming from this continent to excel especially on technology coz they already got access on it.

The main reason for the African Countries termed to be third world countries were due to the evading done by the Western world. This started with the resources, Africa has got rich natural resources than any other countries in the world. Any country can be made to be poor, if the resources were evaded.

I've watched documentaries in which lots and lots of rich Africans were seen. How they make money is out of the natural resources. Political people are highly corrupt and the administration lacks in proper management which is the initial cause for allowing Western world have control over their natural resources making the Western world grow.

African countries can become developed if several requirements are met:
1.Birth control policies so the birth ratio can be lowered.Having way too many kids is what keeps many families poor.
2.More investments in the educational systems.
3.More government control over the natural resources of Africa.
4.Political stability and functioning democracy.
5.Acquiring more foreign capitals via tax benefits.
As long as those requirements are met,the African countries will have a bright future.Unfortunately,this isn't the case.

my country isn't very different from Africa's situation. even before the start of our country, its already messy.  the people who decides for the country back then are also manipulated by the nations who gave us independence. up to today those nations are still manipulating African countries, they even own huge properties there. Politicians are also corrupt and i guess they'd have to seize the opportunity because is their time. someone else will seize their opportunity after them.

you're country will not progress unless youre country allow the Chinese to make business there and build the railroads for the new silkroad.

I have heard most of the poor African countries are lagging behind technological development. Again, most of them are quite superstitious . They also believe that everything will be okay when God wants (they aren't allowed to do anything outside their religion. I remember watching a documentary on TV about their strong superstitious believes and how their wrong interpretation of  religion is blocking them from progress). Again, most of the political leaders of their countries lack education and highly corrupted.
And then, there are other countries looting their billion dollars natural resources every year!

These are definitely very important points that would help make African countries more competitive compared to the rest of the world. But I believe that Africa needs help from the other continents. The problem here is that the young and well educated people likely will leave their own country and live abroad. Its just better for them to make a lot of money 8n Europe, Asia or America than stay behind. This lack of highly skilled and educated workers needs to be filled somehow.

Unfortunately now with the corona recession most countries will focus on their own.

I personally think that if the elected public officials in African nations are less corrupt, or not really corrupt, there will be some sort of progress within those regions. While the country is not necessarily rich in oil and other stuff that rich countries have, with its somewhat extensive natural resources--most of which are virgin--they can easily convert those into a working product and develop things from there. Not necessarily modernizing Africa as a whole, but at least lessen or eliminate hunger on that region and giving jobs to people who need it the most. Develop doesn't always mean modernize, so they can keep the landscape as it is but having more jobs, more tech for their medicine and food production, and improving their overall quality of life while keeping true to nature.

What everyone is forgetting is how big Africa is. There are only billion people in Africa, not because of to little space but because living conditions in most part are bad. But with the new technologies that will change. And Africa will be able to hold many more billions of population. Africa will be the new superpower of 22rd century.

https://2oqz471sa19h3vbwa53m33yj-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/true-size-of-africa.jpg

We can't blamed those people as they are not seeing any hope living in their own country, they preferred to live a life from how they
wanted it to be, far from the place where they originates.

Those listed plans are accurate if  leaders who are  taking the position right now are willing to take actions,
it's hard  since they have the same way of leadership over and over but if someone who can stand and make
some change, someone who are willing to take things out and change the directions of this nation, there are
always possibilities that this land will grow and make a better future life  for their young fellowmen.

Africa's abundant natural wealth should be easy for the rapidly developing African countries. But economic and educational factors
which caused Africa to lag behind other continents. With its weak economic and educational factors make it a resource people in African
countries are of poor quality. So African countries are mostly lagging behind technological advances. If both factors can be improved
so all African countries can develop.

Yes of course, africa has known to be rich in natural resources and it only needs technology to locate the resources and make use of it. Just like in those desert countries that has been able to make use of oil beneath their soil and thats how it make their country rich. I bet africa had it too besides there are natural resources too that are visible i their area and.now it was being protected like those tourists spot. The only thing that african country misses is a good leaders. I think africa countries is one of the most corrupt country just like.here in our place which also belongs to third world countries.

Imagine if the African countries can manage their resources very well, for sure they will not left behind and they can achieve the top of the ladder for sure. Weak leadership and corruption is the reason why the most of the African countries are not yet fully developed, there are many issues there like poaching, illegal mining and they cannot protect the native people their because of the corruption.

Did you know that there are certain African countries that is stuck to the debt trap diplomacy of China? It is a huge debt where for sure that the next generation of the people will still work hard to pay it.

Africans have leaders who keep promising them a better tomorrow, but they never fulfill their promises, rather they even steal more from them and most of their leaders even have accounts in foreign countries like the US, the British, and other countries where they move the money they steal from those poor countries. Politicians make promises to them and when they are voted in, they still become corrupt and start the same process of looting from the country. It’s very bad.

There are lots of poor people and families, adults and kids that can’t afford to feed themselves and at the end some of them resort to crime to be able to feed themselves. This is why I believe that for any country to be developed, it all depends on the leaders.

That is part of their propaganda in order to deceive the public and in order for them to be elected, I'm sure that African people are already aware that they deserve better government, the promises of those politician are scam and it is just a way for them to deceive the citizens. The corruption is now part of their culture and it is really hard to change it for sure, but it doesn't mean that all of the future politician will be corrupt. There is still hope in that country all they need to do is to vote wise person that can fix the problems in many countries in Africa.

Even though Africa's growth is not significant, Africa's development is very fast, especially through China's OBOR program. Although not all African countries are involved in the BRI project. China plans to exploit Africa's natural resources just as America moved many of its factories to China in the 90s and 2000s. In the next 20-30 years, Africa will also get a demographic bonus and a large increase in population so that it can become a good industrial and market base.

For China, by moving its factories to Africa, in addition to accelerating the supply of Chinese goods to Europe, the majority of African countries are still included in the list of poor and developing countries so they can still penetrate developed country markets. Because many countries in Asia have been excluded from the list of developing countries by the United States so they cannot enjoy cheap import tariffs in some countries.

Why no one has mentioned that there are developed nations within the African continent? There are countries such as Seychelles, Mauritius and Gabon, that could be classified as developed nations. Libya enjoyed very high standards of living a decade ago, but now it is in ruins. Botswana is another country that enjoys a very high standard of living and HDI currently.

Whenever you see a situation that doesn't seem to make a lot of sense going on for a long time you should be sure that someone is profiting from it and that things are going according to their plans, I'm pretty sure that the African continent is purposefully left in that state because if it wasn't then how it will be possible for developed countries to obtain incredibly cheap materials? And those that are at the top of nations in the African continent benefit through corruption, as such it is obvious to me that despite the claims those that are at the very top do not really want to improve the situation in Africa.

Although Africa is a much poorer country than other countries it is improving a lot. Most countries in the world are helping Africa to improve their conditions. Africa may show partial success even if it does not meet some of the Millennium Development Goals. According to international reports the maternal mortality rate on the continent has dropped by 42 percent Through which the health of mother and child will be improved a project in Nigeria's Ondo province is helping pregnant mothers with mobile phones so they can call nurses and doctors at any time of the day. In this way you can easily get medicine and treatment and also progress towards education.

Isn't that almost all of the leaders are just like that? They have political desires because there's a lot of benefits.
It will always depend on the leaders, look at some third world countries who have a lot of potential on growing their economy because of their minerals and natural resources but still at the bottom of the list.

Some are just pure talks, they can't even make their promises come true. I still have hopes that continents like Africa will have a massive growth in the future, they just need to wait for the right leaders.

Eventually they will, what is great about our earth is that if you plant seeds, and if you take care of it, that will grow and prosper, there is no reason why not to. Now I understand that Africa as a nation could be very poor because of their situation with the climate and how there is less forests and water and so forth there, however if they can break the barrier once and make it a bit green just once, they could actually  have a huge green nation.

After that they could grow crops whatever they want, end poverty with more food available, work towards industry and actually use those resources and everything else will fall into space. I know this is hard and people have been trying that for decades but this is something that will take a long time and it will eventually happen.

The thing that I can think can make change of Africa's situation is (1) having a great leader that would lead them to success because as we all know that most African people are uneducated due to social status and lack of financial to support education, having a great leader that is not corrupt and committed to serve his people would change the people perceive that they are a poor individual that compose a poor country.

(2) Having a good educational system that will embody all African people towards learning because they already have all the resources (natural) they need what they are just lacking is the knowledge on how to enrich those and how they can make use of it to lift up their economic status to be able to get along with the other continents of the world.

(3) Having a great leader of course in need of good cabinet which will composed a good government that will lead its people. A country lacking good governance will not progress because diverse mentality of people might just ruin the country since no one is making them unite. If the country have been united by great leaders, leading them into good programs, education and other essential stuffs that are in need to help the people, surely the country will progress towards a successful run.

In short, everything in Africa must change to be able for them to stand up since they are not really a poor country with regards to resources that a country need to move up getting to success. They just need to better know how to make use of it by making them educated and leading them into the way.

I disagree with your optimistic view in this case. It's definitely not something inevitable. The current world scenario is getting bleaker with every passing minute thanks to factors like Pandemics, Climate Change, Shortage of resources etc.

These factors are the primary reason why even the most developed countries in the world like the USA, UK etc fear the future.

Do you really think Africa will suddenly transform with time ignoring these huge factors? If anything, their situation could get worse over time. The only way their situation will improve is if these gargantuan problems get minimized over time.

It looks like too impossible to happen but we can’t tell the exact future of them because of greedy countries who took advantage on the African countries even before the pandemic, so its really hard to tell even if they adopted cryptocurrency not unless they make a good progress every year and build a more giant city for businesses. Africa is a huge continent and if they make a strong relationship within their territory, buy most of their local products then there’s still a chance for them to grow, but its hard to achieve it in the next decade.

Nope, they won’t be developed, because they have bad leaders and they can’t even stand up against these days. They are still waiting for who would do it for them. If the people there don’t rise up against their corrupt leaders, I’m sorry to say this, but their countries will continue to remain as it is.

Their leaders won’t build good hospitals, rather they will abandon their hospitals because they have the money to fly to developed countries and receive proper treatments. Their leaders don’t even build good schools for them or pay their teachers when their supposed, trust me I know very well about this. They send their kids to live abroad in the big countries, it’s only the poor Africans that suffers while the rich men and politicians enjoy life. African countries won’t be developed because their leaders are the demons holding them in chains. If they can rise up against their leaders, then things will get better for them.

achieving something is hard and it makes harder when there are obstacles on the path .  the time that we are in right now can be an example for that but you said this country africa has a strong relationship ? that is good and they can use that as an advantage .

its a huge country and people on here are known to be kind , they can unite and fight as one so that other countries cant be succesful on thier plans for taking over this country .

It is not about their leaders. Their leaders are only a mirror of their people. It is always like that. If the overall education levels of the Arfican people raise, then stupid leaders won't get elected. Till then, no development for them.

As you mentioned, Africa has everything to be a developed continent. You just have to eradicate the evils of society such as corruption and nepotism and that is achieved by implementing true policies that help its development. Africa must continue to fight firmly for equity so that development opportunities reach all.

Yes of course. African countries can do undergo certain developments, although it would take time, but still they can be capable and possible to be developed as long as they are open to undergo certain processes since they are a rich continent that have plenty of natural resources. They must just need to better know how they are going to make use of it to be able to make their countries progress and gain certain developments.

Based on the information stated by the OP, they are rich in natural resources but they lack on knowledge because not all are given the privilege to have a decent and proper education. If that would be resolved on people being educated, surely they will become knowledgeable on certain things that can make their economy rise by using their natural resources available in their surrounding. Also, change in the governance will do since all are starting from a great leader to lead its people on creating programs to nourish its people with education and provide them all their needs to become productive so they can have a needed man power to create a better nation using their resources present in their continent. Development will come and happen only if they want it to come. The key for their development lies on their hands and they just need to work it out to get along with the other continents around them.

The corrupts leaders knew how to manoeuvre those teeming poverty stricken and unemployed masses during electioneering campaigns they politicians always entices their voters  i.e people even with their high level of education with money thus ensuring wining at all cost in some instances they bribed electoral bodies to rig election for them.
Africans has a long way in getting out of this underdevelopment mess unless those bad leaders are get rid off else the continent will continue undeveloped except some few countries who trying to get developed however developed countries are always enticed with untapped raw minerals resources in African which they can import to their countries.

Africa are blessed with their natural resources, they have big potential to be developed all they need is unity to raise their standard of living. If only they could change the view of their officials and focus on the importance of education for their people. When someone governs them properly, it will probably change the way of their living.

Even though many African countries today are poor, that does not mean that no African country will become rich countries.
Considering that African natural resources are among the best, it only needs good management so that African natural resources
can utilized for the economic progress of African countries. I am sure that African countries will become developed countries.

African countries can be developed faster than ever imagined if the right set of leaders are in the position of power. African has no issue  than corrupted leader and dictatorship. But, things will soon be changes when youth get involved in politics

Indeed. The African countries has a chance to become one of the developed country in the future because they do have a lot of natural resources that they could use it to developed a new technology and make exchanges to other countries who has limited natural resources. Also, if African countries has a good leader that has no issue when it comes to corruption, it will be more faster for them to developed.

actually now it depends on human resources. If they want to improve, then no matter how bad the natural resources are, it will definitely be increased.
it's just a matter of ego and self.
because they think it's better to think about yourself than have to take care of others.
I believe Africa will thrive if handled by the right people, starting from the smallest thing.

African countries have underground and natural beauties and riches, when they use this they will become more livable, development has different meanings in my mind, so African countries are very difficult to develop in the near future.
Europe, America, Asia, Oceania countries have some advantages.

African as a whole was among  the best developed in the world, some years back.  But, right now they have failed to increase human experience and awareness of the world around him.if  African can avoid  corruption or see corruption as an evil to them, they can still be among the best countries in the world.

Africa is a home of so many species and good natural resources, they must consume it right so they can see big progress. Cryptocurrency can’t help Africa to grow that much especially of their own government is against about it. Africa is a developing country, we saw some progress but that’s not enough. I see Africa in the next 20 years soaring just like many countries in Asia.

Some years back? Definitely not. For the last few thousands of years, Africa has lagged behind in development. Initially the human civilization developed in China, India, Egypt, Japan and Mesopotamia. Europe was lagging behind but the renaissance during the middle ages allowed them to catch up. There were well developed civilizations in the new world (Aztecs, Mayas and Incas), but these were destroyed by the Europeans. Africa was nowhere in the picture.

I have repeatedly said that it is the uncontrolled population explosion in Africa which is preventing the development. If half the population remains as children, then the dependency ratio increases and the governments will be burdened with increasing pressure to allot more and more resources to education and skill development. If they could slow down the population growth, then it will be easier for the governments to provide education and healthcare to everyone.

I don't think the population increase is causing any of the hindrances to the development as a country, if they are kids the funds needed is going to be lesser and the returns they are going to get is huge but the country is getting poorer because they are getting looted by various countries and their own leaders.

I think in the future, African countries will progress in development, but their growth will be stagnant because many African countries are trapped in the 5.0 colonialism carried out by China through the OBOR project. So that the development carried out will not significantly improve the welfare of the African population. With OBOR, China binds African countries in the long run and falls into China's debt trap.

Many individuals think the continent Africa lack the leaders that can drive economy and bring about the continuous development but having a good leader is just one of the many problem to be solve. Until everyone have the right mentality and help also in building and contributing their own quota, things might not change. Nigeria for instance, have more than 100 mineral resources in abundant, yet 27.1% which 21.7 million Nigerian remain unemployed https://nairametrics.com/2020/08/14/breaking-nigeria-unemployment-rate-jumps-to-27-1/.  

When people are struggling for food and basic needs they can't imagine about studying and that is how their politicians keep those people in their control, but now they are trying to step out from these traps in very small and when they days passes the numbers will increase for sure.

When youth start to realized and care about their country, such mentalities will change everything inside this land.

Once people begins to look for right leaders to guide them, they have every resources in terms of natural ones.

It will only possible to make a good use of it, when leaders shows real concern from what the county's lacking in, leaders
who are genuinely cares with his jurisdictions and not just aiming for powers to dictate, and to grab every opportunities
to continue being rich and live a life in a luxurious ways.

If the resources could be taken advantage by the countries they are in, they could develop very well, but the trouble is that these countries are underdeveloped right now which means that they are not going to be able to take 100% advantage of these resources, if they could have that would mean they would but they could be bribed and just given to someone else and at that point they are going to keep bleeding cash to keep people alive let alone have a high standard of living.

If a proper politician could just use those to maximum affect and get it done, they could actually improve a lot faster and could actually increase the standard of living in that region as well, I know it is a far fetch idea but it could always happen and when it does eventually happen it will definitely change a lot of things in the surrounding places as well when they see what is possible.

The possibility is extreme that they can be developed easily. But those countries have been colonized, ruled, and controlled by the outsiders for the years. Even they left the country still some rich countries do not want the proper development as they are getting benefits from their natural resources. Some of their leaders are often given bribe and controlled by the outsider countries. But as the people are getting more education day by day, the situation will change in years.

The answer is with you, no country could enrich themselves when it is immersed in corruption and other regional issues and so is the reason the African continent is not improving despite all the natural resources. Making a change is really hard as you need to change from the roots and it is not that easy as there are many factors affecting the development and once there is a social political change we might see the changes.

That's why they will continue being eaten by the big sharks and kept in the dark so that they're unable to create a strong economy of their own and a strong army. They got left behind and now they're like that tired guy in a marathon without a team of supporters. Others get water and towels handed to them and he's alone in the far end.  

It surely would be great to help Africa be developed since there can be lots of opportunities that can be appear along the way. Their manpower are always versatile in their own ways and that would be great if they are given some guidance on how to benefit from that. African countries may only lack the proper tools to develop their lands and helping them in that way would really be beneficial to them.

Having natural resources along would not guarantee development. If that was the case, then Russia could have become the richest country in the world. Nowadays, multinational corporations play a major role in developing a country. They may avoid African nations, if there is no security or political stability. So first these nations should work on improving the security issue.

Africa is one of the largest place in the world and also largest population,i think if only Africa will be adopted crypto willingly and use it as a currency?for sure developing this continent will be easier.
i believe that i have read some thread in past about the activities of crypto in this region and yeah they are starting to adopt the system.

hopefully in sooner time they will become a crypto safe haven and will be developed according to what people need.

I think someday Africa would be developed and would improve like other countries, but surely it would take time. Like what you've mentioned, only the elites experience a comfortable life there while most people suffer from poverty, hunger, and are uneducated.

These factors are deep-rooted to the broken system that has been existing for a very long time. Majority suffer because of the corrupt politicians and greedy capitalists that take advantage of the average and lower classes' money.

Africa can rise to the top in the future like any other soaring countries now if the rotted system, corrupt, and oligarchies would be abolished entirely. By then, majority of its population would benefit from their natural resources, technology and innovation will improve, majority can avail good quality education, no kids will suffer from malnutritio, and they would have a comfortable living. Though it would really be challenging to do these, but certainly it's possible.

Only a good and determined government will be able to turn things around for them on how I see things. Because if we have a lot of charities and organizations requesting for funds to provide the basic needs like food, clothing, and clean water we see that this isn't enough for them to be able to move forward in having a better life. If the ones running their country are corrupt or selfish people they won't be able to afford better education and have better jobs. Aside from that we see that some of these countries are run by dictators or having some militia in them, this should be solve by the UN on clearing them out of their country as it only deters the progress of these African nations.

I feel like things are doing much better compared to history but people do want faster development which I would agree that it is given and should happen. When you look at all nations, they are doing better than 100 years ago, I mean maybe not financially which we do not know for each individual nation but they are doing overall as standard of living, we are talking about the period when even food wasn't that good and now we have nutrition a lot better.

So compared to 100 years ago today is better for even the bare bottom people, much better for middle income people and wealth people may not be as good because they basically owned slaves and lived a perfect life without any trouble. So, I guess in another 100 years things will be even better for everyone specially the poor.

The African continent is not poor at all since they have a lot of resources, what happens is that the people are victims of a corrupt government and then when people rise up to get that government out of the picture and a new person gets to the top of the government they do not get an honest person that is willing to look for their interests and the story repeats itself, as such it is really difficult that any solution its going to come from the government because they benefit from the awful situation in which they have their citizens, the solution needs to come from people themselves but when you add the lack of education this becomes incredibly difficult.

   After watching this documentary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dark_Side_of_Chocolate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dark_Side_of_Chocolate) I don't think there can be
done something about Africa in the near future. They are so divided by foreign forces that exploit their natural resources, without
taking care of the environment.
   And with all paramilitary formations, kids with guns on drugs that killing innocent people, how can we think about better times?

the reason why countries on the African continent find it difficult to develop is that human resources there are still low.

greed is still a very major cause of the problem there, without changes in human resources there, it will be difficult for countries on the African continent to develop.

Africa continent are actually diamonds that have not been sharpened, there are many extraordinary natural resources there and should be able to prosper the inhabitants of the African continent.

It is very difficult to see its development and change the looked that this country has if the leaders won't even see it and never have concerns of their people. They're such a foolish and greedy leaders who only think about their own benefits but not the whole country and their people.

*African people are most likely just a puppet from their leaders and foreign people/investors
*they have a lot of resources but never have the chance to make use and benefit from it

If they would like a change, it just started by their Leaders mindset but I can see a far from happening since the next and coming leaders will be acted the same and being influenced by the past leaders.

I think African countries will develop but for now, their education is underdeveloped. Although European, Asian and American countries have invested in Africa, they only invest in exploiting Africa's natural resources. They come and take all the good things from Africa. African countries need to pay attention to the issue of developing Education, Health, and vocational training for the people. They have to develop the country on their own, not let other countries do it for them. It is a long-term strategy. Most of the African countries are located deep in the continent, preventing the circulation of goods.
African countries need an alliance for economic connectivity.

This is the Problem because most of African country seems to be having issue of being corrupt and Red tape.
this same reason why they cannot Move on now and staying in bad economic situation.
If they will only Let adopt Bitcoin?i am sure development will happen eventually.
How can they accept help if their Government itself is the problem?African continent is rich in resources but the problem is it wasn't being Held in right manner instead corruption covers all the system and only Few are getting the profit and country is staying in Hell.

You can also add the corrupt countries who controls most of the country in Africa. We can take example the situation in Mali right now where soldiers are now fighting against their own government, and the president have no more choice but to resign.

Africa is big, but divided among their leaders most of them are corrupt and can't bring the country's economy good. If there's a good reform from the very basic, there's still a chance for them to grow but its hard to see it for now.

Sonner than later because of social media and mass awareness, people will develop and all the politician who had controlled or never wanted people to come up in their life due to vote banks etc will see how things changes quickly. Also, basic things is education and if people send their kids to school and education improves all other things will start to fall in line and all such countries which may be lacking behind today but in coming 5-10 years would be much better than today and can grow at much faster pace.

There are human resources but not enough skilled labour. In fact we could make a long list of problems most African countries are struggling with. Poverty, coruption, lack of education and healthcare... If things continue the way they are the continent will become hot and dry due to climate changes before it becomes developed.

I am an African, resigned from my banking job and started a personal life pursuit, I get all my basic amenities myself, repair my road, fix my electricity, transformer, provide security for myself and even water. My nation is rich in natural resources but we have corrupt leaders who think only of today and never plan for tomorrow. Colonial masters are never our problem.

Africa is known as the poorest continent in the world. Where the rich outnumber the poor the reasons for their poverty are political instability corruption and terrorism. Today, Africa is plagued by natural disasters civil wars, refugee crises, economic woes, and terrorism. But now there is a touch of modernity the intervention of political leaders has diminished somewhat and the health sector, including education is improving in every aspect. the highest priority is being given to population control.

Africa is the third largest continent in the world and the second most populated after Asia. With an area of ​​30,224,050 km² including the adjacent islands, Africa covers 20.3% of the total land area of ​​the Earth. With a population of 1.2 billion people as of 2016, this continent accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. So in my opinion, Africa could develop rapidly.

African countries can be developed. The major issue is the leadership that have taken corruption as a daily dose

The shortcomings of the African continent in my opinion are human resources that are not yet professional.
so they still can't manage their country well, plus the frequent inter-tribal wars.
so that outsiders can take advantage of it to take advantage. Just look at the country of Libya, the former richest country in Africa, destroyed because of America. the tip is to control the wealth of the country of libya.

this is i think the major problem in those countries. though corruption is all around the world, but i guess african countries are some of the worst. they are rich in natural resources, so if they can utilize those properly, they will be developed in no time. but it really depends on their leaders where they want to go. still trap with the old ways (corruption) or change for the better?

Logically, Africa is a continent that has abundant natural resources, and natural disasters are very rare there. Like earth quake or
hurricane, even floods are rarely heard of in Africa. Therefore it should be very likely that Africa country will become a country
developing with abundant natural wealth. But the leaders of countries with less good quality, make countries in Africa close to poverty.
So countries in Africa needs a smart and honest leader to make Africa countries into developed countries.

Corruption is not new to the world. Every country has corrupt officials but in Africa, most of the countries here have corrupt officials. They intend to steal the treasury of nation because they have the power right now. Many countries out there are living in hell. This is the major problem that Africa is encountering right now. And it should be eradicated so that their resources will benefits the citizen of their country.

Politicians in Africa are usually crooked ones, and when you go crooked once you do not come back because when you are crooked you make sure that you are paying the right people to make it go on and even if someone totally different than you comes they have to come there with the same route and not any differently.

Let's say you bribe the networks the news channels the newspapers the police and many other places and make sure they make your propaganda and anyone that is against you is a criminal, a bad person, and all around even as further as terrorist, why? Because if you promote your opponent as "He is good but I am better" eventually people will be like "you are not so good, maybe he is better" but if you claim he is basically Hitler reincarnated that means they might say "he is bad but opponent is hitler so let's still keep voting for him". The moment Africa gets rid of these crooked politicians they will get better.

The problem for most countries located in the African continent is that for some reason or another the people at the top always end up being of the same kind, they do not care about their population, they only care about themselves and the profits they can accumulate while they are in power, and this means that a great deal of money that should have been used to improve the lives of their citizens instead is stolen and it never reaches the people forcing them to work even harder to put food over the table and to neglect their studies.

The simple truth is — Whatever Africa has as natural endowment is taken away from it through the kleptomaniac tendency of its leadership. Nothing else is responsible for the backwardness we see in Africa. It's not as if the continent isn't peopled with intellectuals who can drive it forward. Outside the shores of the Africa continent, its citizens are known to be at par with their contemporaries in whatever field of endeavor they engage in. Also, remember that civilization started in Africa (in Egypt). It's a fact. History books are there to buttress this. It's really sad bad leadership has backtracked the continent. So sad.

There is even more than that, because of the corrupt leadership there is lack of opportunities for the prepared people in the continent and so a majority of them have no option but to move away from their countries and their families and end up working on other countries with more opportunities, and this is bad because it is precisely those people that could move their countries forward but they have no option but to leave by the lack of opportunities and as such the corrupt leadership can remain in power for an even longer period of time.

To be honest with you, corruption isn't the exclusive preserve of the Africa continent. It cuts across other continents but the difference with others is the punishment for corruption. Leaders in Africa don't have the political will to do the right thing when they stand alone. The tendency to perpetually crave luxurious goods and material gains have made them monsters to their people whose collective wealth they plunder. In the US, it's do the crime, do the time because the US and most of Europe have strong and organized institutions that take care of such unlawful acts.

in theory, of course, it can because every country has the same opportunities..  the biggest obstacle for countries in Africa to become developed countries is the ruling government in each country.  if they focus on not enriching themselves (because there are many cases stating that corruption in the African continent is very large) but focus on building a good education (providing free and equitable education and providing scholarships abroad to outstanding students) then I believe their countries will be developed countries..

education is the best weapon to determine the future of young people in each country, if education is good then human resources will increase.   countries in Africa on average have very abundant natural resources but they are not in balance with their human resources which are still very low when compared to countries on other continents..

there are countries like Somalia which is a strategic enough to be developed in the area but still the country isn;t improving well. the location of it is right where the maritime vessels go towards Mediterranean sea. the vessels has to pass by Somalia up to Egypt's canal, they can actually make money through this passage but the government seem not doing well here. instead, their people becomes pirates.  ;D

Africa is better place with resources than the above Sahara, more abundant than the sandy terrain. it might just be developed with Chinese investors.

Africa is a continent with very beautiful natural treasures, abundant natural resources. Besides that many stars were born from Africa. football players for example, many good talents come from this continent. With the right management and governance, Africa can be better in the future.

Everything you wrote concerning Africa is absolutely true. They have all they need to get they want.
I recently watched an interview of a man from UAE, the man mentioned the fact that although Dubia doesn't have half of the resources of Africa, it has managed to developed itself and made a name for itself internationally and he attributed all these development to the leadership of the country.
I believe the only way for Africa to be as developed as first world countries is good leadership and governance. This is the only major obstacle facing Africa

Many countries from African continent has the potential to become developed but their natural resources are not used in the right way, people are ignorant there and also leaders becomes dictator and so much of chaos in those countries which lead them to be in such a bad situation even after having everything.Maybe next generation will make them to be, just a hope.

And that next generation should be properly educated.
Right education will give them the power to choose what is best for their country.
Also, if corruption will be addressed but that will be a very challenging part for those that will govern their country.
It is somewhat innate to their culture already, why corruption is hard to eradicate in their system.
Til then, I don't know how they can work in a more progressive way that will truly benefit their government.

Education should be the first priority, then nutrition. The problem with Africa is they have a corrupt and incompetent leader, the only example that I could think of is Rwanda's Paul Kagame, yes it is a dictatorship but he has an efficient way of managing the country. Another overlooked problem is the tribe's rivalry like what happened in Sudan and other countries in Africa, if these problem could be resolved then much of the violence will be quashed on the spot. Another problem is terrorism in Africa, good thing about that is many countries are helping in destroying these to help Africa.

Africa is a gold mine, that is constantly pillaged by greedy foreigners and I hope that one day they will flourish.

Simple answer to your question: Yes, why not?! But there are couple of things that is holding it I reckon. Education, political evolution and religious superstitions etc. I think it's just a matter of time.

Ethnic issues get top priority in Africa, because most of the nations are heterogeneous (except a few such as Somalia and Cape Verde). And as a result of rapidly exploding population, there is always a competition for natural resources between various ethnic groups in the continent. Europeans, who hail from homogeneous countries won't be able to understand this situation.

Also it's war on drugs and rhe prevalence of drug addictions in all the classes of the African community is a major problem, the money laundering, call scams and on top of it the fake medicines that are being distributed in the African countries. I also think that the African countries will be developed in the future, just like China which no one thought that it will become an economic superpower in such a short amount of time and it was once fighting hunger and diseases and poverty just like the situation Africa is in.

People in africa not ready to develop thier countries. Maybe they will be ready after another 100-200 years

In theory, diamond and gold mining should play into the hands of developing countries, and other minerals, such as oil, will not give much results, since we all see what is happening in the oil market, too much of it has already been mined and it becomes no one needed in such a large volume.

There are several factors you need to consider in order to determine what makes Africa a third-world country. Their geographical location, type of government, and political influences play a huge role on why they are considered to be a third-world country even now. Do not get me wrong, there are other countries in Africa that are relatively thriving but most countries are below the poverty lane.

The development of technology and the advancement of a country inevitably happens overtime. In the case of Africa, the progress might be slow but they have been developing their infrastructures and technology in their own pace. Eventually, they would be able to adapt into accepting cryptocurrencies and taking such opportunity in order to maximize their income.

African nations have to be developed and they will have to choose investors for their countries smarter. In the past and present, African countries are being utilized by multinationals and other governments to utilize natural resources. Very few companies invest. African countries need food produced at home, they need to invest in education, invest in health, invest in infrastructure, and light industries.
National development is a process and they have to be economically autonomous, create an economy, not an agreement of exchange. Their values ​​come from their country.

It will take more than time, it will take a lot of effort within African countries and from outer countries as well.
Those who are in the good place right now should help it to be more developed.
Its a rough topic, but I'd say USA took a lot from African countries back in the days and am glad that they're trying to help them now

Priorities differ. Ethnic and religious loyalties are very strong in Africa. And this means that a certain group of people would support a politician even if he is accused of criminal activity or corruption, simply because he belongs to their own ethnic group. Muhammadu Buhari of Nigeria, José Eduardo dos Santos of Angola, Tedodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Eq. Guinea and Mohamed Abdullahi Farmaajo of Somalia are good examples.

I see you have a huge knowledge about Africa! So people there can expect life to get better in next 200 years? I can't believe what you wrote!
I can't believe what many people wrote here in this topic. Before you wrote anything why don't you try to research a topic, gather some basic info at least. You people just wrote like you talk about toys. Well people live there, their families, everything, they have soul and hearts as all others, and why are they on this level now ask Europe and GB, ask US, ask big corporations that keeps them as slaves for hundreds of years.

Many countries around the world, including the United States are helping to improve Africa. They are being given a lot of help not only in terms of education but also in terms of treatment. Various ailments lead them to worse conditions. Another major achievement of the continent has been the eradication of diseases such as AIDS tuberculosis and malaria. Mosquito repellent is helping to reduce malaria Anti-HIV drugs are now easily available In particular arrangements are made to protect the unborn baby from infection and for pregnant mothers to live near the hospital shortly before delivery. They can easily get medicine and treatment All in all Africa is on the path of development.

A lot of the people say that the population density in Africa is very low and therefore the continent can sustain a rapidly growing population. But I would differ. Around half of the total area is composed of desert (Sahara, Kalahari, Namib.etc) or other arid regions. And a large part of the remainder is consisted of equatorial rainforest which is uninhabitable. An increasing population would mean the destruction of natural vegetation, which can have disastrous impact on the rainfall and fertility of the soil.

IF they would be able to fight corruption, they could easily end the poverty of the country but the ones fighting those are still weak. As far as I know, there are a lot of small stores in the country and that also we're flooded with bribery, we're talking about millions of money from bribery.

Africa is one of the largest continent wherein it's still not highly developed yet in terms of technology and digital currencies. Despite all that they are trying the best they can to get to that spot with the efforts from people who wanted changes and progress for their people to have a better living. In terms of crypto adoption, they have progress on that wherein there are some african crypto projects are now in the market fulfilling the vast dream on educating their people on digital currencies. I truly believe that dream will become a reality soon enough.

African countries were the wealthiest compared to most grown countries. The mistake done by the rulers in the past have made the countries to be poor forever. Even now it has got more resources accumulated, but the rulers were doing the same thing as the past. Very few African countries have got good leaders, while majority are into complete corruption. They never look for the country's growth, the family wealth is much concerned.

I second this. And they need foreign investors to investment in their land but no one will invest where there is no security.

Security and politics are some of the reasons why investors normally avoid Africa. Investors pour their hard earned money in to risky projects, so that they may get a return after 10 or 20 years. But in the past, there were incidents of radical governments nationalizing these ventures without providing enough compensation to the foreign investors. As of now, China is perhaps the only country that is actively investing in Africa.

Obviously corruption exist everywhere and for the most part it is impossible to completely get rid of it, but in countries in the African continent that corruption comes from the highest spheres of the governments starting with the president and when that is the case then it is silly to expect for any bureaucrat on the government to be honest which means that instead of trying to look after their citizens as they should they only look after themselves.

Well, just like you've said, in Africa, we are truly blessed, with all the natural resources and the lands almost free off every form of natural disaster, what else can we possibly ask for?

But the problem of Africa is its people, our mentality plays a major role in the underdevelopment we are experiencing today when other continents are advancing and changing rapidly, our leaders are not only the problem we have, we ourselves have also become a problem to ourselves, if you are African, check within yourself and your environment, you will understand what i mean.

Using Nigeria as an example, A man ones said that if for instance, Nigerians are asked to move to America, and Americans are asked to move to Nigeria, don't be surprised that in 10 years to come or even less, Americans will turn Nigeria to the world's richest country, and in the same 10 years or less, Nigerians will turn America to one of the poorest countries of the world.

This is why i said it all boils down to mentality, the way Africans reason is majorly the cause of what we are experiencing in Africa today.

The country that was once a Developed Country in Africa was Libya by being the 17th largest oil producer in the world but collapsed due to civil war. besides that, there are the Seychelles countries whose natural resources are produced from plantations (vanilla, copra and cinnamon), and tourism which can be exported to several countries. there is the country of Mauritius, an island nation in the southwest of the Indian Ocean. With the economic resources of Agriculture, Tourism, and Industry, this country has a Development Value of around 0.804 in 2007. This proves that Africa can actually be a developed continent but needs to be built and improved from human resources in order to create and maintain

Development in African countries will be very fast because of China's OBOR project, but development does not mean growth for African countries because the OBOR system owned by China makes growth and movement in China, not in African countries. In terms of infrastructure, African countries will experience significant progress and even seem forced, even though GDP increases, but in the GDP of African countries there is China's GNP. Many African countries are aware that they have been trapped in China's trap, some are wondering what happened, but there are also those who refuse to join the BRI project, which in fact is colonial 5.0 using sharp power.

Some African countries should pay attention not only to high technology, which brings good profits, but also to production, as well as agriculture, which would provide the local population with basic necessities. I repeatedly come across information that in some African countries people are too lazy to grow crops, the harvest of which they would receive at least twice a year, but at the same time it is easier for them to eat bread from palm leaves, which do not need to be grown. no effort. I believe that it is absurd, if you can have your own, hope for the help of the UN.

China managed to trap lot of countries in the debt run, and the list of countries are huge in numbers that is lot of trade wars going between China and USA to prove their dominance over the other countries.Maybe the real trap will be felt by the next generation people and they will become modern day slaves to the Chinese government permanently.If there is any country avoiding the Chinese influence in their nation then better keep doing that to save their nation from Chinese government.

 The development of one country like Africa is depend on the hands of their leader with the help of their community. But if corruption is rampant specially to the leaders of their country and the people are lazy and don't want to make their life better, then i can say that it's difficult for this country to become well develop unlike other countries.

Yes, they will. but there are some conditions for development of each country. The most important part is the management and the government ruling the country if the government manage the natural resources and human resources perfectly you can see a huge progress there. Also, unfortunately due to some old mistakes many people are stuck in old fashion traditional lifestyle and religion stuff. Which is too bad for the development. However, all these problems can be solved by educating the new generation of the people, that's why many charitable organizations are taking care of education stuff.

I think the question is mainly on who is going to develop the countries, the government they have there are not doing their jobs in making their countries look better. I have heard about the akoin and Akon city and I also read about their plans of creating an example for the government if the project should be a success.

The way I see it, even that projects is successful, the government there are not ready to do anything to help their country, they are not interested in making their country a better place, they prefer to get on the political seat and use the power and opportunity they have gotten to suck money from the people.

The most difficult thing to die is corruption. So is better to avoid it in a country because once it appears, it builds it stem and starts growing with branches and leaves. This is one good thing about some Arab countries that have zero tolerance and capital punishment to corruption.

How it can go off is by two ways. The first is through the people in government by having the will to follow the law on people proved to be corrupt. Another is by the people taking power by themselves like the Arab spring in Africa recently through Egypt, Tunisia and Libya.

Yes, it could really be possible for African countries to be developed if they would just know how to manage and maximize their resources and make use of it to make their countries experience prosperity for the fact that they have the resources on their surrounding, they must have been able to make some improvements and developments already at the first place if they have gained proper education so that they would be knowledgeable enough to do what is needed for them to be able to make into realization that they can change the economic status of their place.


Actually this is true. Corruption is the most difficult thing to get rid off for it is present in any government system because of greedy individuals making use of the people's money and claiming it as their own making the whole country suffer. If this would be resolved on every space in this world, not just African countries could be developed but as well as many other countries for corruption is the number 1 crime killing a certain place economy. Also, there must be a coordination between people and government to be able to create ways on how they could make certain development that would benefit all.

It's not just China. Other countries such as France and the UK are also doing the same. You can see that most of the mining and timber industry in Africa is under the ownership of European or American corporations. They export the raw materials to the factories in their own countries and manufacture high-end products using these raw materials. The Africans are gaining very little from this. China started offering slightly favorable terms to the Africans and that is the reason why some of the countries started preferring Chinese investment.

China carried out colonialization 5.0 through the OBOR program, while other developed countries exploited through the IMF, World Bank, WTO and In addition to the debt trap, developed countries led by America also carried out middle income traps to many countries, for their own interests, so that they can still ensure market availability for their manufactured products.

China and other countries are equally oppressing developing and poor countries, it's just that in different ways, China uses sharp power while America uses hard power. In fact, many countries can play free and active politics without leaning towards China or America, it's just that many countries think that foreign debt is the solution to all economic problems, but debt makes a country lose its sovereignty.

It doesn't matter whether they are using soft-power or hard-power. In the end, the ordinary Africans are suffering as the precious natural resources are getting looted. Only a few corrupt African politicians are profiting out of this, while the vast majority of the ordinary citizens live in abject poverty. Even in the old-rich nations such as Nigeria, Angola and Gabon, most of the population lives below the poverty line.

It will always start with one person. If they will be able to at least elect a competent and empathetic leaders, African countries will surely be developed. Leader who understand what the problem and what the country needs, development will surely follow. This is also why i think Africa should invest on improving their education to raise new gen. The continent is already blessed with natural resources, the only thing they need is to know how utilize it to its full potential and it will start with competent leaders.

To be fair, Africa had its share of good leaders. Examples are Nelson Mandela, Kwame Nkrumah, Patrice Lumumba and Thomas Sankara. Apart from Mandela, most of them were assassinated by the Western powers, when they attempted to free the natural resources of their country from the foreign corporations. Sankara in particular was targeted by France, after he had a fight with the French president François Mitterand. Lumumba on the other hand was finished off by the Belgians, after he tried to nationalize some of the mining assets in Congo. These leaders were replaced with puppet-leaders who are loyal to the Western powers. In case of Sankara, he was succeeded by the pro-French dictator Blaise Compaoré. Lumumba was replaced with the corrupt US-puppet Mobutu Sese Seko.

Africa was a very developed country but this effect is due to the inequality between the rich and the poor. Much improved in terms of production system including agriculture of poor people. Unaccountable American and European agrochemical and seed companies are helping Africans to develop. We need global trade financial and justice to reassert Africa's position in the global economy and give us the opportunity to build our future democratically which will help them improve.

all countries in the world have the potential to become developed countries but for countries in Africa it will take a long time, maybe 60 - 100 years again.

almost all countries in Africa can not say developed countries...
There are conditions that must be passed by a country to be called a developed country that is the high income per capita, quality human resources and high infrastructure. in fact these conditions are not found in almost all countries in Africa.

It's certainly true that Belt and Road involves elements of colonialism, and is very different to the historic European approach of send in the soldiers and take the country by force. From a moral perspective, superficially at least, China can defend themselves against accusations by pointing to all the development and infrastructure they've paid for. The question of whether wresting control of a country and asset-stripping it through semi-legal means is any more legitimate than doing so by brute force is open to debate. Certainly though they are making themselves much more inextricable than the Europeans did. In the end, Western empires collapsed and the soldiers and administrators went home - the effects on the colonised nations were certainly strong, but in the end (in most cases) manageable - but it's difficult to see how for example the Chinese presence in Africa can ever be removed.

Exactly this one mate,Africa is one of the most richest country in terms of Minerals and nature but this was not been distributed equally.
African suffers even from the british and until now from their own countryman.
Crypto is one of the better option to help african people if they will only believe and adopt this,am sure there are more chances that they will get along and change their life forever.

Nationalism vs hungry stomach, for most African people, China's long-term infrastructure development in Africa certainly promises opportunities, especially the addition of jobs in the manufacturing sector, China's development means hope for many workers in Africa, so the African people do not see China as a colonizer and do not see themselves as victims of exploitation. The African people are aware that their main enemies are their own governments and their brothers. China has something to offer their government that cannot be realized, namely the delivery of services and infrastructure.

China's unconditional cooperation has allowed African governments to enjoy access to finance, expertise and development assistance. China's soft loans have enabled many African governments to evade pressure from global governing bodies such as the IMF and the World Bank, to comply with Western accountability norms and requirements relating to political and economic reform, such as notorious structural adjustments that do not always serve interests. African country.

African people are more receptive to China because there is no history of physical colonization by China in Africa, so Africans learn about economic development and growth and ensure sovereignty from China.

It's impossible to understate the role of imperialism in delaying the emergence of Africa in its own right as an economic power.  For hundreds of years, western powers looted the natural resources of the continent to build the wealth of their own nations and enslaved the populace both on the continent and while shipping millions of Africa's inhabitants off of it.  With that kind of systemic oppression and looting of resources, it's not hard to envision how much of a setback the western powers dealt Africa.

Western nations continue to loot African countries. Look at the oil-rich nations such as Nigeria, Angola and Gabon. Most of the oil wells are being operated by Western corporations such as Shell and Exxon. And look at the gold, diamond and coltan mines. Once again, most of them are under the ownership of western corporations. China is a recent entrant and they have managed to disrupt the equilibrium.

Does this mean that western countries are the ones who are preventing Africa from development? This mean that Africa is being suppressed. It's just like history repeating itself, If it will continue like this, Would we be able to see the time that Africa will be developed?

Sure, the "capitalism" that is developing and exporting the natural resources now, which is owned by western corporations, is the direct beneficiary of past imperialism.  It's just more palatable now because the resources aren't being taken by force and the work isn't being done through forced labor, but through voluntary jobs where the corporations hire local workers.  But the ownership of those resources come from a legacy of imperialism of the 1800s and 1900s, which is why they were in a position to own those resources today.

a country will be developed if it is free from greed (corruption) in fact most countries in Africa have bad leaders..  one more thing, the role of foreign investors greatly influences the development of a country, if investors look at a country a lot, the country will advance because it gets incoming money from outside and also creates jobs.  The political conditions and human resources in the average African country are still far from good, this is the reason African countries find it difficult to advance..

It isn't just Africa though. You see bad economies and underdevelopment in a lot of countries that have autocratic and corrupt leadership. Usually, they go hand in hand. The governments are autocratic because the corrupt leaders are looting the countries resources for personal gain, and the autocratic nature of the country prevents political opposition that might make things free and fair and based on meritocracy.

In most cases, authoritarian countries will be having weak economies, but there can be exceptions. A perfect example is that of China. Democracy doesn't exist in that country, and yet they managed to achieve staggering amount of economic growth in the 1990s. On the other hand, their democrat neighbors (such as India, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos.etc) grew at a much smaller pace during the same period.

Capitalists explain that a liberal democratic system will be positively correlated with economic progress, in other words, to build an economy that is indicated by high economic growth, the political system must be supportive, and in that context liberal democracy becomes a suitable partner.

China is the center of world civilization that still exists, China has basically changed completely, it is no longer like the communist country that appeared during Mao Ze Dong reign. China has a new face that is different, starting from different Chinese Communist political systems and Chinese-style democracy, so China is very adaptive, the communist political system applied but the economy is capitalist. In addition, the one-party system maintains consistency in the goal of achieving economic growth.

The main key to China's success, because China is a copycat country, China imitates America's steps as a developed country, not following America, especially the habit of printing money and its static and dynamic model of infrastructure development, plus the model of American exploitation in China, now China also implementing it in Africa, with modification so that Africa cannot be separated from China.

^^^^ After the collapse and disintegration of the USSR, the Chinese realized that Communism is not the way forward. The current economic system in China is not Communist and it is more in line with a capitalist system. All that said, there have been no change in the political system. The communist party still rules the country in an authoritarian manner. They just separated the economy from the political system.

State capitalism in China is very strong. Business in China is divided into two parts, domestically controlled by the private sector while abroad, almost entirely controlled by state-owned enterprises. China's State-Owned Enterprises are controlled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), so the high-ranking party bureau politicians get the highest position and control of the company. The government provides financial support, facility support to Chinese state-owned enterprises.

The large population makes the government have to ensure the availability of food and jobs for its people so that there is a China is not a country, China is civilization policy which encourages the Chinese diaspora to all parts of the world.

African countries will thrive as they focus more on education and health.
For many years they have been invested in by capitalist countries but are resource stripping, ethnic conflicts, and many other bad things. There are not many works or practical benefits from these investments.
They need to be smarter in choosing partners for economic development.

China is one interesting exception economy-wise, but they may project prosperity a lot more than may be experiencing it. For one, they have built giant ghost cities as a way to spur economic development, but there is not enough natural economic activity to support populating those cities and it may take decades to grow into them. Their control on information makes it difficult to assess. But for sure they posture like every other country to project strength that may not actually be there.

But as others have mentioned, if corruption will not be eradicated or at least reduced to large percentage, it would be very hard for them to really progress. This is a chronic problem of most corrupt countries, the advancement is very slow because the leaders have their own agenda. Well, most politicians really have their own cards why they ran for office in the first place. I don't know if corruption can be addressed by their new generation. But someone should make a radical change and change the path of their generation. I believe one way to attack this is, education as you already mentioned. The more educated is their people, the better is their preference in life.

Yeah.. there are ghost cities in almost every province of China, and the Western media has covered some of these stories. The demand was there when these housing units were being constructed, but a sudden economic slump meant that there are few takers. And this is also one of the reasons why China is focusing on Africa. For them, Africa is a glowing economy, compared to China where it is at near saturation level.

The crime rate is also very high and the root cause for all the of this is the lack of high-quality education. I believe the dictatorship is a big reason and there is a dire lack of governance and there are just too many wars that never let African countries develop to their true potential.

I believe somewhere they have themselves to blame because they did not made right choice for leaders and they pick the wrong people to rule them and now they are just not getting any opportunity to grow. I believe dictatorship can be good as an example we can say China, but they always work for their country and the corruption is really negligible there.

China might be bad for other countries but they are strong together and a feeling of togetherness is there.

Compared to any part of the world, Africa has got something different in terms of resource, the climatic conditions, the lifestyle and food. More to go, but the corruption within the country is the cause for such a negative growth of Africa and more people trying the best, to get out and reach grown countries. People risk their life, believing the lives will be better reaching the next part of the world.

One reason why they haven't gained any kind of growth is because they seek outside help for their own problems like they will seek abroad education while they should have focused to generate enough quality education that they should not have to move outside for education needs. Similarly they will always rely on import while doing minimal export which causes big loss to their economy and even for health problems they fly out for treatment.

I believe once their education system is tightened up they will start growing and once they build some tourism they will have the financial freedom because they have so much resources and it baffles me how they haven't been great export source and have always rely on importing more than they export.

If the government and their people will know exactly how to use their resources properly,

Also, it will be developed if there will be no corruption, proper family planning since their population is really high which makes it really hard for all of them. This is only a few steps to improve, but it will never happen if their people including the government will not make a move.

Rapid population growth is one of the main reasons why most of the Africans live in abject poverty. Whenever I talk about this, a lot of people counter it by saying that the population density in the African continent is very low and therefore they can afford to have a high population growth. But what they fail to remember is that most of the area in Africa is composed of either desert or equatorial rainforest. Areas that are suitable for agriculture are rather small.

I believe countries in Africa will develop, like countries on other continents. Moreover, African countries are supported by abundant
natural wealth. This should be, if used properly, could make African countries developed. But the fact is that countries in Africa are
very poor, and children in Africa are often malnourished.

This happens because governments in African countries cannot manage  natural resources properly. and its human resources are not
well educated. I was reminded of the Black Panther film made by Marvel, which tells of Africa with a fictional city called Wakanda which
has such an advanced civilization. Wakanda should be able to become  a reality if the African government can manage its country well.
In my opinion, Afrika must start first by improving the education system,  so that the quality of human resources in Africa will improve.
If human resources are good, they will be able to manage Africa's natural wealth well.

Africa is much more developed in terms of natural resources but they are in the poorest position due to exploitation in various aspects africa has abundant mineral resources many countries in the world including china are improving africa through the proper use of mineral resources. The main reason for the failure of africa is that he is suffering from ill health and lags far behind in terms of education human resource rates need to be increased to improve africa

Africa is a continent with resources but the problems is utilization of those resources, almost all the African countries are underdeveloped because of ignorance, although the European colonization brought a slight destruction on Africa economics, almost all African countries pays a big sum of dollars to their respective colonisers, which in turn reduces at least 30% of Afrucan production system.
In South African, the government pays a big certain sum money to Queen of England as one of the major priority to be done instead of attacking the leaking part of the economy, another factor that drains out the development of African is the corrupt leaders which lutes their country 1/3 of total budgets, these are the reason why African countries are still underdeveloped till today, and I don't think they van wakeup from these slumbers.

All these issues.. such as lack of healthcare and education, shortage of food, lack of proper infrastructure.etc arises from a basic factor. That basic factor is the uncontrolled population explosion, which makes it very difficult for the governments to provide education and healthcare to everyone. On top of that, the per capita availability of agricultural land is declining, due to desertification and other factors.

But the population in the African countries is not out of control by any means and to control the population it is the government who has to take actions actually like China made a few rules if my knowledge serves me right they have a policy if you have more than a single child you won't get a job from the government and so on which is a good way to stop the reproduction rate.

I believe the lack of education is a big factor in the current poor situation of the African countries because they had resources and should be a rich nation but due to lack of tourism, education and vision they are suffering with almost starvation now.

Leadership and system of Government in Africa will always be the problem to growth. A system of government that can check any leader with corruption aim and reduce leader access to Government money, politics should recieve very low funding to attract administrators and technocrats in office. Most of the developed countries do not have 10% of what they have in Africa and they use 90% of those things in Africa at a cheaper price. Who do they pay for those things? and they deny the citizens. The system is just bad

African have all it takes to be develop but the bad leaders in the countries which are just fighting for their self and family alone not care about the future of African.  African leaders never make their election free and fair in some countries which they always preach during their campaign that the election will be free and fair in the country which is causing African not to be develop compare to other continent in the world.
I think  with the strategies on ground which the leaders of
 African has accepted to join hands together to make African be the best in the areas of Education, religion, technologies, policies, and business etc. With the strategies which the African has agreed to carry out will make African the most developed country in the world.

Good blessed African with natural resources which few people are using them to enrich their self.

The biggest problem in African countries is corruption. If at least the legal system of power, including the judicial branch of power, works at least 50% of its capabilities, then the government will have no choice but to make direct changes in the economic and political system of government. In addition, every resident of the country should understand that not only his future, the future of his children, but also the future of the whole country depends on his fox choice. It is people who give power to those people who then lead the country.

95% of all people over the world know how richly blessing Africa is in terms of mineral resources  but to honest with you guys, the problem of Africa not been developed is not over population, lack of education, good healthcare but the major problem of African are bad government and godfathers which only want to enrich their pockets rather than developing the country. Mind you, everything that is needed to developed African countries is already written down in the country chart planning ever since their colonization.

I can assure you guys that if the African governments really want to developdevelopountry in a year they can but the bad seeds in the political scheme need to be removed.

I believe the most important cause for this is corrupt politicians. People of Africa have to mass protest against such system and government. Today we have the internet, one can get quality education even online. Masses of Africa should use internet as a tool to get education, know about the world and what they are lacking, protest and start a movement so that they can get their rights which are snatched away from them by the greedy politicians. It really hurts to see them getting oppressed!

I look on the map presented and it's prety impressive. African continent is undoubtedly rich of mineral resources. If their government focus on harnessing such natural resources then I think they would be more developed than Middle East. But unfortunately, it's not.

Aside from the corrupt officials, another factor to be consider why they are having a slow progress is because of the climate and topography. It's really hard to improve the agriculture on such places that's why most of them are experiencing famine. Hunger  leads to low quality of health and death sooner :(.

Worst if you say so and that is because of bad leadership that is a result of corruption and bad policy implication. But looking down very well, it is not only Africa but third world but Africa is in spotlight because of its large size and the people of Africa are in active participation in global affairs.

Look at this table:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependencies_by_total_fertility_rate

Many of the African nations are having fertility rates above 5 children per women. And you still believe that the population is not out of control? Take the case of Nigeria. Back in 1950, they had a population of 38 million. The current figure is 206 million. And by the end of this century, the population is projected to hit 800 million. Already there is a lot of armed conflict for the control of pastures and farmland. The increase in population is going to make this worse.

The very rapid population growth from year to year in a country will cause various problem, especially in the welfare sector. The more the population, the narrower the place to work so that unemployment will increase. But not always a country with a large population cant rise up and make its people prosperous. If the government succeed in attracting outside investor to invest, it will have a positive impact so that unemployed human resources can be utilized.

Regarding the OP post, the lack of human resources to maximize the yield of natural resources in African countries is what makes it difficult for them to become developed countries. The same thing happened in my country, many natural resources that cant be taken alone and always need other countries and their workers. We only get a few percent of the yield and don't involve much local workers are some of the things that cost us.

Also because it's been a long decades and still same policy and same politics that keep Africa way far from every third world countries. There's no real changes between leaders.

Africa needs people who can lead them to bring modernizations and good educations, concern leaders that will bring them to challenged poverties and not just after wealth.

I agree with you, the best thing for Africa would be to grow from within. If local education would be higher it would much easier for countries to grow out of poverty. Unfortunately most humans (all around the world, not only in Africa) think about themselfs first, and their families and friends second and countries usually last. The high level of corruption in Africa make it so hard for companies to grow competitive on a global scale. I think getting rid of corruption with implementing new business reforms should be the way to go for Africa to get developed. The Western and Asian countries need to help here, but with the corona pandemic still ongoing it's very hard to get more funding for African infrastructure projects.

Agree, it always depends on the government who handles the country so if they fail, then the country itself will also fail. Once corruption started in a country, it's hard to recover because of debts so I can't blame the current and future leaders because of course, they can't stand the past corruption that happens and expects other debts this pandemic.

If nothing changes in the currency country then it's obvious that it will remain the same.

With the nature gift,africa was surrounded with natural resources.But the unaccepted fact is,it was used by multi national corporation companies.Since government is not afford to extract that resources,it lend to the other people.But in fully analysis ,I had come to know.It was a good one for the country.Africa government should involve to get resources for them.

I think there's great hope for the continent of Africa and it is only a matter of time before they experience a more rapid pace of development. There are already huge construction projects going on all around, and cryptocurrency is going to play a new role in making financial services accessible to the unbanked.

IOHK is already doing amazing things there:
https://iohk.io/en/blog/posts/2018/05/29/vision-for-blockchain-in-africa-is-becoming-a-reality/

Lack of human resource is because of heavy emigration of educated people to Western nations. Countries such as Nigeria and Kenya have limited number of doctors and engineers, as they don't have enough medical schools and universities to produce them. But even these few educated and skilled people emigrate to countries such as United States and United Kingdom, as soon as they get an opportunity. Even those who want to stay are driven abroad, due to corruption, political interference and low wages.

The problem in Africa is corruption, the money that is borrowed for human development most of the time is stolen. Another thing that I see with Africa is the resource curse, indeed the continent is bless but if the human capital is poor their is no way they can use the resources to their benefit, just look at Nigeria for example, the have oil and even one of the top producing oil country but still export petroleum products like Petrol, Kerosine, Lubricant oil etc and these can also be said of Cocoa, Cotton, Tin and other minerals. The need to spend on education and provide enabling environment for businesses to strive then Africa will be on the road to success

In response to the OP question, I believe it is very likely that these countries will become developing countries in the future because of the wealth of natural resources they have. But I don't think they will be developed countries in the next 1-2 decade.

Very minimal human resources is the biggest weakness they have as a natural resource producing country and in the end they will become a country that only receives a percentage of what mining companies pay. This is also the reason why they will not become a developed country.

When it comes to the natural resources, Africa is highly rich. However, the technology and human resources of Africa is not yet advance compared to other continents in the world. In addition, corruption in the side of the government is still occurring in every part of the continent. I have friends who work in South Africa and Madagascar. They have told how life is much worse for the poor in these countries. But the bottomline of this is that, they can be developed or they have the potential to grow in the next years. I believe that Africa will soon awake because of its hidden resources.

The corruption what made the life of citizens worse the existing politicians there didn't bother to upgrade things to make their people educated or to know more about the latest technology, maybe if they will put a good person on the higher office which aims for betterment of his country for sure Africa will get a high potential to be developed and compete with other rich countries.

If they prioritize education, then they will be able to come up with better technology. The problem here is that the rapid growth of population necessitates the prioritization of food and healthcare over education. And when they do that the technological advance is blocked. And as a result, they will be left with just the raw products and not the finished goods. In order to convert the raw materials to final product, they need advanced technology. So for that they need to depend on foreign countries.

I'm from Africa but I can boldly says some of the things you highlighted aren't true about Africa as continent. Our major problem is bad leadership, otherwise we have the availability of natural reseources that can sustain our economy. Crude oil has been the prime mover of my country as over 70% of GDP is generated from that sector.
The challenge is corruption and greed by our leadership has done more harm to individuals in every country, a situation where a minister and a senator siphoning millions that are meant for the masses is lock and pocketed by one person, I don't think there will be development in such countries. We hope for revolution by the youth to free us from this bondage of leadership.

That's the thing, foreign helps mostly sucking their natural resources. Knowing that Africa don't have any capabilities and with corrupt leaders they continue to suffer.

They are good as they've got rich in natural resources but they don't have advance knowledge and system to take advantages of everything.

It takes time, but the willingness of their people to learn and to have dedicated leaders
will make all of this to happen and increase the potential of this nations.

I have seen a lot of posts in this thread claiming that Africa is very rich in natural resources. There is no doubt that Africa has a lot of natural resources, which are waiting to be extracted. But this abundance can be an advantage, as well as a curse. Take the case of Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is one of the major sources of copper, diamonds, coltan and cassiterite. But this has resulted in foreign powers supporting various militias inside the DRC, in order to take control of these mining operations.

Yes, African countries are improving in the areas of Education, economic and infrastructure that is going on show that African is developing with the strategies on ground. African leaders are joining hands together to move African forward by fighting corruption in all over the countries. The leaders accepted to legalized Bitcoin all over the countries to support their economy and to improve the bitcoin users to make more profit from their investment.

African countries will improve but it will take a long time for bitcoin to gain legitimacy they know nothing about the use of bitcoin due to lack of adequate education most people in africa are poor and cannot meet their basic needs. But china along with the united states has come a long way in improving these countries.

I have seen good progress in terms of crypto currency wherein there are start up crypto projects already in the market and making progress towards the adoption on crypto currency that already did a small part of teaching fellow Africans regarding about in crypto space. Africa has great potential because of its abundance of resources and only lacking are the right people who will help make the necessary steps towards the development.

Are Africans are smart enough for this? With all this chairty programs they will never be developed. Its like free drugs for addict in hope that he will stop use it

The charity organizations are doing it mostly for PR. They are not interested in the long-term benefit of the Africans. As you posted, they want to make the natives dependent on them for food and other necessities. If they really want to help the Africans, then rather than providing food aid, they should provide quality education and agricultural equipment. Food aid is just an eyewash, to get rid of the surplus agricultural stock in Western nations.

Yeah, education plays an important role in choosing leaders too actually because it is easy to fool a mob of uneducated people while an educated person will always give vote to leader who has vision rather than false promises.

Africa has such a good nature resources core and despite that they have such dire times that people are dying of hunger that simply shows lack of concern from the leaders for their countrymen and having poor vision. If only they started to utilize their natural resources and mineral resources in a better way than they could have one of the best economies in world right now. Actually I never heard any major technological achievement coming from any African nation either so feels like lack of education is the primary reason behind which is the poor leadership.

China's investment in Africa is part of their road and belt initiative which is a central tenet in their foreign policy. They are essentially trying to develop international trade with China at the center by creating the infrastructure in less developed countries and orienting their trading disposition to Beijing. It is an attempt to become an economic super power like the United States.  Unfortunately under Trump, what was a terrible hand to begin with has deteriorated so much more over the past 4 years. The US has never been weaker on the world stage in the post-WWII era.

That's why some politicians don't prioritize education and create a huge gap between poor people and rich people. In that way, the country will continuously become poor because it's full of uneducated people and greedy politicians that take advantage of the others. Education really plays a great part in our society and we should feel great if we have a good background education, we can easily determine right and wrong. If there's no huge gap between poor and rich people, I guess countries will become rich if they're cooperating and helping each other.

I would disagree with the Trump part. IMO, the decline started much earlier. Trump was in power for less than 4 years and China started dominating the African market at least two decades ago. But I agree with the first part. The Chinese thinking is very simple. They want to get hold of the rich natural resources in Africa and then they want to export the finished products to the same region. This is the main purpose of the road and belt initiative.