Bitcoin Forum

Other => Politics & Society => Topic started by: GeorgeJohn on January 30, 2021, 04:40:28 AM



Title: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: GeorgeJohn on January 30, 2021, 04:40:28 AM
From the beginning and grassroots of cryptocurrency in 2009 till 2014 government always antagonist cryptocurrency and also capitalised that bitcoin is methodology or avenue to frauds people in different countries, that made bitcoin not to be really known that period, so it's very clear that the same government that was against cryptocurrency is adventuring into bitcoin with their companies with trust and buoyancy, so government of a countries are behind of inability of some country development.

If government will accept payment with cryptocurrency especially bitcoin it will be massively adopted by civil service commission because I could remember the day I went to saloon to cut my hairs I have no fiat but I decides to pay with bitcoin to saloon management and he accepted payment with cryptocurrency, so if private business owners will  embrace payment via bitcoin while can't government of different countries officially make payment of workers to come in two categories fiat and Bitcoin because since the adoption of bitcoin people value bitcoin and also transact seriously with bitcoin instead of fiat currency, so I think is more preferable using bitcoin as payment system to whom that will accept bitcoin.

Many political empires are into bitcoin today and tomorrow because bitcoin has been helping politicians in different ramifications of  political life, now it's very difficult before a politician is been probes via government projects funds, wise once purchase BTC and hold with project funds till further notice, so going to bank account details to verify or investigate of project funds it will be empty, but government of countries that adopt bitcoin still don't want to implement payment of salary with btc after they have find out the important of bitcoin.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: Rruchi man on January 30, 2021, 06:24:43 PM
It remains a fact that Bitcoin is revolutionary. It has brought and opened up a new financial market that those yet to accept (some governments and some individuals) it as a medium of exchange because of their underlying skepticism will be self pressured into giving it a chance. The vast majority of financial institutions of leading countries in the world, are already seeing possibilities with bitcoin. Soon this fast spreading financial fever will spread and catch up with both people and governments of other countries.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: franky1 on January 30, 2021, 08:53:27 PM
politicians can accept donation in gold. politicians can spend gold for haircuts. this does not mean they are then going to make a gold standard/gold backed currency as the national fiat.

making bitcoin a national currency does not remove the faults of national currencies. it just brings the problems of national currencies into bitcoin

having bitcoin as a separate asset to hoard value in should remain as a separate option from fiat. then there is an escape.

we do not want or need bitcoin to be a 'one world currency'. but it will always remain a second exit away from fiat


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: Gyfts on January 31, 2021, 03:58:26 AM
politicians can accept donation in gold. politicians can spend gold for haircuts. this does not mean they are then going to make a gold standard/gold backed currency as the national fiat.

making bitcoin a national currency does not remove the faults of national currencies. it just brings the problems of national currencies into bitcoin

having bitcoin as a separate asset to hoard value in should remain as a separate option from fiat. then there is an escape.

we do not want or need bitcoin to be a 'one world currency'. but it will always remain a second exit away from fiat

My problem with national currency is brain dead printing of fiat which causes the inflation to skyrocket. You can’t do this with crypto. That being said, I don’t want fiat to disappear, I want it to exist along side of crypto. So if the government fucks up fiat through irresponsible spending, people can switch to crypto which might act as an incentive for governments to NOT light money on fire.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: Cnut237 on January 31, 2021, 08:12:56 AM
The higher the bitcoin price goes, the more wary governments get. However as has been said so often, the current bull market is being driven by institutional investment. Prices are rising because establishment financial behemoths are gaining exposure. Which makes government action against bitcoin less likely. The more the price rises, the more concerned they get, and the less they can do about it.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: franky1 on January 31, 2021, 02:55:41 PM
My problem with national currency is brain dead printing of fiat which causes the inflation to skyrocket. You can’t do this with crypto. That being said, I don’t want fiat to disappear, I want it to exist along side of crypto. So if the government fucks up fiat through irresponsible spending, people can switch to crypto which might act as an incentive for governments to NOT light money on fire.

inflation rate has been hidden in many ways. and soon enough america will spike(hyper inflate)
since the 1970's america has hidden wage raises by not offering people an increase in pay and instead hiding the extra wage as 'benefits' like company insurance and pensions, company cars, company childcare
only a few years ago the first signs appeared with wanting to increase the $7.50min wage to $15

people have started to smarten up and decline company pension/insurance due to no job security that they will still be in the same role in 40 years. and instead request the hidden 'value' just be paid out as an actual pay rise.
hense the min wage increases for the obvious crappy minimum paid roles where people dont treat it as a career.

once people start getting more true income. it then affects the inflation rate. although there is the same money overall. its just no longer hidden off the books. the fact that the bottomline income increases in real end-spending utility affects the inflation rate.
this has been something that has been bubbling for decades and is about to burst.

you might see how certain higher up people are trying too hard to push to avoid social healthcare via tax. you will see them trying to promote adding more 'employee benefits' and avoid any further minimum wage increases.
.. and all of this is to try not letting inflation go hyper.

in short even if government stopped 'printing money' the inflation going hyper can still happen due to what i just said.

imagine it. if you had $15.6k 5 years ago. and still on a minimum wage now, but getting $31.2k then retailers/realtors will double their prices due to 2x more income

higher ups have been trying hard to avoid you ever getting $32k on your payslip. and hide that $15k as 'benefits' pre pay-slip.

so just expect inflation to go hyper. even without the 'printing money' part. but then expect it to go hyper-hyper with the 'print money' part


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: Mauser on January 31, 2021, 04:12:53 PM
The higher the bitcoin price goes, the more wary governments get. However as has been said so often, the current bull market is being driven by institutional investment. Prices are rising because establishment financial behemoths are gaining exposure. Which makes government action against bitcoin less likely. The more the price rises, the more concerned they get, and the less they can do about it.

I agree with you that governments usually start looking into bitcoins once a rally happens and there is a hype again. But I am not sure if the governments are fully against the crypto currency or are rather looking for ways to profit of them. With a decent tax system in place the government can actually make money of people trading bitcoins. The biggest concern to not understand what bitcoins are or stand for.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: Tash on January 31, 2021, 06:06:01 PM
Quote
   
People in government is against bitcoin
Well no wrong, some are some not.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: GeorgeJohn on February 01, 2021, 09:08:56 AM
Quote
   
People in government is against bitcoin
Well no wrong, some are some not.
Observe very well it's very clear to the blind and very audible to the deafs that government is seriously against cryptocurrency especially bitcoin since it started, so saying that its some sector in government is against, I don't think it's nice because government is government, for those politician that's adventuring into cryptocurrency it's because they have found out the important of crypto.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: franky1 on February 01, 2021, 02:49:48 PM
government employees with their livelyhoods dependent on treasury will side with fiat. but the government have many departments that are not so tethered to the treasury.
many employees are just in it for a 4 year contract and move on with their lives. they are taking side incomes from other sources so not really attached to government success.

even the banking sector is diversifying. yes they want to measure things in dollars and exit their investment back to dollars but they dont fear using bitcoin investment funds to make more dollar.

take the guy that created the 'bitcoin licence' .. he then later resigned from government and went on to work in the bitcoin industry. its not a one side or other thing. many will flip, because they dont really that morally object bitcoin. they just want to use their temporary government power to better their own lives.

yep the bitcoin licence was a scheme just to make the guy more money in the role via licence fee's and now even more money once outside government as a bitcoin licence adviser.
the bitcoin licence wasnt some uber government new world order government plan.it was an oppertunist government employee that wanted to suck in some commission for personal gain.

take trump. he got into politics to get his hands on money for personal gain. hundreds of millions of treasury money and hundreds of millions of donations.

when you start to see the government not as a single entity with a single mind. but a group of gready people with their own agenda's you start to balance out that 'the government' dont hate bitcoin. and you start to just target the employee's that are doing things that go against bitcoins ideals.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: BADecker on February 01, 2021, 05:59:51 PM
People in government are out there to do two things:
1. Some of them to actually help the people;
2. All of them to make money.

Do they listen to Musk at all?


Elon Musk Supports Bitcoin, Says BTC on the Verge of Broad Acceptance (http://www.freedomsphoenix.com/News/298987-2021-02-01-elon-musk-supports-bitcoin-says-btc-on-the-verge-of.htm)



Admitting that he is late to the game on bitcoin, Musk said that he should have bought some eight years ago when his friend fed him a slice of a bitcoin cake.

Elon Musk Confirms He Supports Bitcoin

In an interview on The Good Time Show via the Clubhouse app Sunday night, Spacex and Tesla CEO Elon Musk talked about bitcoin and dogecoin.

"I've got to watch what I say here because some of these things can really move the markets," Musk responded when asked to comment about bitcoin. "Many friends of mine have tried to convince me to get involved in bitcoin for a long time … I was a little slow on the uptake." He added that one of his friends called Billy had a bitcoin cake, and he fed him a slice in 2013.

"I at least should have bought some bitcoin eight years ago," Musk admitted, elaborating:

"I do at this point think bitcoin is a good thing. I'm late to the party but I'm a supporter of bitcoin and I think bitcoin is really on the verge of getting broad acceptance by conventional finance people."



8)


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: GeorgeJohn on February 04, 2021, 10:50:49 AM
People in government are out there to do two things:
1. Some of them to actually help the people;
2. All of them to make money.
If people in government is actually there to help people while is it that people are having more issues, challenges from different angles, leaders who find their self in white house of government are only knows their personal issue's and interest, so no of them are ready to extend political powers to another person they wants to hold it as bitcoin they objective is to keep the power within them.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: mu_enrico on February 04, 2021, 11:58:53 AM
"People in government is against bitcoin" <- not true since each individual has his own view about BTC, some support it, some against it.
A more accurate statement would be:
"Some of law/regulation is incompatible with Bitcoin."


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: zanezane on February 04, 2021, 12:39:18 PM
The higher the bitcoin price goes, the more wary governments get. However as has been said so often, the current bull market is being driven by institutional investment. Prices are rising because establishment financial behemoths are gaining exposure. Which makes government action against bitcoin less likely. The more the price rises, the more concerned they get, and the less they can do about it.
It is not the prices that they are wary of, they are wary of the power that bitcoin will give to the people which is a sign that their seat is being threatened by the people. And you know how dogs protect their territory when they are threatened some of them bite but most of them will only bark, just like this government officials, some will take drastic measures but some will just look like will do it, but we should not be wary of this dogs, they are the lawmakers but they are not the shot callers, the one that we should focus our eyes on is the banks that are pulling the strings and has been exploiting people ever since, they are the symbol of greed and we need to remove that symbol.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: BADecker on February 04, 2021, 05:38:18 PM
People in government are out there to do two things:
1. Some of them to actually help the people;
2. All of them to make money.
If people in government is actually there to help people while is it that people are having more issues, challenges from different angles, leaders who find their self in white house of government are only knows their personal issue's and interest, so no of them are ready to extend political powers to another person they wants to hold it as bitcoin they objective is to keep the power within them.

Because, those in government who are there to make money, thwart the good things that others do, to do good things for the people.

8)


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: squatz1 on February 09, 2021, 03:35:14 PM
The higher the bitcoin price goes, the more wary governments get. However as has been said so often, the current bull market is being driven by institutional investment. Prices are rising because establishment financial behemoths are gaining exposure. Which makes government action against bitcoin less likely. The more the price rises, the more concerned they get, and the less they can do about it.

Not sure if I would agree with this. Price does not really matter when it comes to usage of the coin and if governments begin to think that people will phase out their fiat money, the US Dollar, to use Bitcoin. Totally possible for the coin to take on the role of Gold in our society, pretty much just becoming a better store of value then Gold is.

Not sure if that would really concern the government much though, as they really only want to control the monetary supply of a country.

Maybe if Bitcoin begins to take on a reserve role in other countries will the US step in. But I feel like at this point it pretty much is like Gold, which isn’t controlled by any one country and is just another commodity for people. (Simplified heavily, Bitcoin is much better then gold IMO)


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: GeorgeJohn on February 10, 2021, 09:05:22 AM
The higher the bitcoin price goes, the more wary governments get. However as has been said so often, the current bull market is being driven by institutional investment. Prices are rising because establishment financial behemoths are gaining exposure. Which makes government action against bitcoin less likely. The more the price rises, the more concerned they get, and the less they can do about it.
Not sure if I would agree with this,
Not sure if that would really concern the government much though, as they really only want to control the monetary supply of a country.
Is true because take a look of what is happening in Nigerian today, it's a result of cryptocurrency increments and massive adoption of crypto, so whenever people are making profit via crypto government always introduce a name to insure that they have scandal the good news of crypto, so will have to agree that government totally against the development of cryptocurrency.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: Natsuu on February 10, 2021, 10:01:55 AM
"People in government is against bitcoin" <- not true since each individual has his own view about BTC, some support it, some against it.
A more accurate statement would be:
"Some of law/regulation is incompatible with Bitcoin."

Indeed, I'd also like to add that it is unnecessary for bitcoin to be a mode of payment as this will only leads to confusion. I am not contradicting the ways on how BTC may do, but it is called DIGITAL GOLD because it is a digital gold. Maybe, we can transact BTC the same way how gold works.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: btctalk123 on February 10, 2021, 10:03:47 AM
sure they against this is the money they can not control


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: lienfaye on February 10, 2021, 12:52:19 PM
sure they against this is the money they can not control
One of the reason why the government are against it, they cantrol bitcoin unlike banks.

Many of us are seeing bitcoin as good alternative either for payment or simply for storing our assets, but not all people are thinking that way.

If the government will adopt bitcoin and allow to co-work with fiat then its a biggest milestone for bitcoin to be recognized by each country worldwide.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: Mpamaegbu on February 10, 2021, 01:13:56 PM
we do not want or need bitcoin to be a 'one world currency'. but it will always remain a second exit away from fiat
A "one world currency" will freak the Christians out 😂 😂. So, we don't want anything disturbing our peace of mind. Be that as it may be and frankly speaking, Bitcoin can never be that currency. Anything that relies heavily on the internet can't be generally used by everyone because of lack of facilities, let alone a sophisticated tech like Bitcoin.


OP, politicians will continue to hate Bitcoin because it makes a mess of the various governments' central banks. Government controls its financial institutions and cash flow through its central bank but can't control Bitcoin because it's decentralized and this annoys the government.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: semobo on February 10, 2021, 05:29:43 PM
BTC made by someone but fiat made by governments so do you think government is going to prefer BTC over fiat and pay the salaries and collect taxes in the form of Bitcoins?

In few places government accept taxes even through cryptocurrency but if we take a look at the bigger countries they are clearly against its adoption even though they make revenue from Crypto trading and earnings. Governments will not accept btc until the users forces the btc over fiat as preferred currency for payments.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: Xylber on February 10, 2021, 05:50:28 PM
Governments do not like Bitcoin because Bitcoin takes away the power of printing money from thin air (printing machine goes Brrrrrrrrrr).

Bitcoin will never be accepted, unless the governments find a way to tax it, or gain control over it in any way. Or after a Civil War where the people take the power back from the Central bankers who keep printing money and making everybody else poorer.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: GeorgeJohn on February 12, 2021, 05:37:32 AM
BTC made by someone but fiat made by governments so do you think government is going to prefer BTC over fiat and pay the salaries and collect taxes in the form of Bitcoins?

In few places government accept taxes even through cryptocurrency but if we take a look at the bigger countries they are clearly against its adoption even though they make revenue from Crypto trading and earnings. Governments will not accept btc until the users forces the btc over fiat as preferred currency for payments.
But remember that some private sectors pay salary with bitcoin, and even now some people preferred be pay with cryptocurrency than fiat, the only problem is that some country likes cryptocurrency and they are few who really welcomed adoption of crypto, so is anything bad bitcoin did to government, the answer is no.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: Vatimins on February 12, 2021, 05:45:26 PM
     Every currency, rugulated or not has their own flaws, can be used in good and can be used in evil. There are always two sides on a single coin. It only depends on the person holding it whether it'd be used for good or for evil. Which is why the government's and bank's logic about bitcoin are nothing but crap in my eyes. They are merely baseless accusations and are just for the sake of having something to throw at bitcoin. One way or another they will be forced to eat their words when mass adoption get bugger and faster or they'll be left behind.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: Coyster on February 12, 2021, 07:36:07 PM
Governments will not accept btc until the users forces the btc over fiat as preferred currency for payments.
It matters less if Government accepts Bitcoin or not, as long as individuals and institutional Investors keep adopting the technology, then Bitcoin will continue to wax strong. If government could control or manipulate it like they do with their fiat, then their support would have meant a lot. Governments like Nigeria that have decided to ban cryptocurrency trading and usage have only made it difficult for their citizens to use Bitcoin and nothing more, it doesn't really affect the network in the grand scheme of things.

Bitcoin users can't really force the predominance of Bitcoin over Fiat, that feat isn't even possible, people who appreciate the decentralized nature of Bitcoin and want to continue 'being their own bank' simply will continue using the network, without really bothering much about the government and their take on the network.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: rollingdice on February 13, 2021, 06:09:46 AM
Otherwise, nowadays more authorities have started to realize that.
Miami mayor is going to allow pay taxes in Bitcoin.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-08/miami-mayor-hints-at-measure-to-put-crypto-on-city-balance-sheet
One of NYC mayoral candidate is very Bitcoin friendly.
https://cointelegraph.com/news/andrew-yang-says-he-ll-transform-nyc-into-a-bitcoin-hub-if-elected-mayor
And don't forget about Malta that gets the reputation of Blockchain island.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: Mauser on February 13, 2021, 07:49:16 AM
Otherwise, nowadays more authorities have started to realize that.
Miami mayor is going to allow pay taxes in Bitcoin.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-08/miami-mayor-hints-at-measure-to-put-crypto-on-city-balance-sheet
One of NYC mayoral candidate is very Bitcoin friendly.
https://cointelegraph.com/news/andrew-yang-says-he-ll-transform-nyc-into-a-bitcoin-hub-if-elected-mayor
And don't forget about Malta that gets the reputation of Blockchain island.

That is pretty awesome. Malta has been a great country for gamblers and internet entrepreneurs for a while now. It is a good idea to be leading in the crypto world and make attractive laws for traders. I think Malta offers a lot for the rich people, very low tax rates, nice climate, can go fast by plane to any other European country.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: virasog on February 13, 2021, 08:49:09 AM
politicians can accept donation in gold. politicians can spend gold for haircuts. this does not mean they are then going to make a gold standard/gold backed currency as the national fiat.

making bitcoin a national currency does not remove the faults of national currencies. it just brings the problems of national currencies into bitcoin

having bitcoin as a separate asset to hoard value in should remain as a separate option from fiat. then there is an escape.

we do not want or need bitcoin to be a 'one world currency'. but it will always remain a second exit away from fiat

Consider for a moment if government accept digital currencies and start transactions in bitcoin, the government will have no control over the monetary system and they will not be able to take taxes etc. Also, if bitcoin and digital currencies grows, it will mean end of the whole banking sector of the country. These are some reasons why governmenst will never be happy to make bitcoin legal.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: Gyfts on February 13, 2021, 09:21:49 AM
US candidate for Mayor in NYC update - Andrew Yang is leading the polls and he says he's pro BTC: https://markets.businessinsider.com/currencies/news/andrew-yang-new-york-bitcoin-hub-cryptocurrencies-elected-mayor-candidate-2021-2-1030078017

This could be useless pandering, but I've long said Andrew Yang is the most pro-crypto candidate, probably in modern political history. And he's got a good shot at winning.

Edit: Also check out his podcast with Joe Rogan. It's very long but if you're into UBI, AI replacing jobs, check it out - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTsEzmFamZ8


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: btctalk123 on March 04, 2021, 09:39:21 AM
some of them even buy bitcoin for sure so they could not be against


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: semobo on March 04, 2021, 02:40:37 PM
BTC made by someone but fiat made by governments so do you think government is going to prefer BTC over fiat and pay the salaries and collect taxes in the form of Bitcoins?

In few places government accept taxes even through cryptocurrency but if we take a look at the bigger countries they are clearly against its adoption even though they make revenue from Crypto trading and earnings. Governments will not accept btc until the users forces the btc over fiat as preferred currency for payments.
But remember that some private sectors pay salary with bitcoin, and even now some people preferred be pay with cryptocurrency than fiat, the only problem is that some country likes cryptocurrency and they are few who really welcomed adoption of crypto, so is anything bad bitcoin did to government, the answer is no.
Bitcoin adoption means avoiding the fiat payment and it will be completely destroyed when everyone wants their salary in bitcoin, even though it is not doing anything bad for the government they will consider that cryptos endanger to the future of government's economic system.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: Toplistico.com on March 04, 2021, 03:32:08 PM
Yes, obviously the government is against cryptocurrency, because they are worried that the popularity of cryptocurrency can beat their currency. So that they reject cryptocurrency in any way. In my country they use laws to prohibit the circulation of cryptocurrency. Anyone caught using cryptocurrency will be penalized.


Title: Re: People in government is against bitcoin
Post by: Gyfts on March 04, 2021, 05:41:22 PM
My problem with national currency is brain dead printing of fiat which causes the inflation to skyrocket. You can’t do this with crypto. That being said, I don’t want fiat to disappear, I want it to exist along side of crypto. So if the government fucks up fiat through irresponsible spending, people can switch to crypto which might act as an incentive for governments to NOT light money on fire.

inflation rate has been hidden in many ways. and soon enough america will spike(hyper inflate)
since the 1970's america has hidden wage raises by not offering people an increase in pay and instead hiding the extra wage as 'benefits' like company insurance and pensions, company cars, company childcare
only a few years ago the first signs appeared with wanting to increase the $7.50min wage to $15

people have started to smarten up and decline company pension/insurance due to no job security that they will still be in the same role in 40 years. and instead request the hidden 'value' just be paid out as an actual pay rise.
hense the min wage increases for the obvious crappy minimum paid roles where people dont treat it as a career.

once people start getting more true income. it then affects the inflation rate. although there is the same money overall. its just no longer hidden off the books. the fact that the bottomline income increases in real end-spending utility affects the inflation rate.
this has been something that has been bubbling for decades and is about to burst.

you might see how certain higher up people are trying too hard to push to avoid social healthcare via tax. you will see them trying to promote adding more 'employee benefits' and avoid any further minimum wage increases.
.. and all of this is to try not letting inflation go hyper.

in short even if government stopped 'printing money' the inflation going hyper can still happen due to what i just said.

imagine it. if you had $15.6k 5 years ago. and still on a minimum wage now, but getting $31.2k then retailers/realtors will double their prices due to 2x more income

higher ups have been trying hard to avoid you ever getting $32k on your payslip. and hide that $15k as 'benefits' pre pay-slip.

so just expect inflation to go hyper. even without the 'printing money' part. but then expect it to go hyper-hyper with the 'print money' part

The standard of living has also increased though. So if you consider the value of your dollar, it goes further than it did decades ago. Inflation, by definition, is essentially your currency losing it's value. However, look at the concept of purchasing power and detach it from inflation. What was the price you were paying for high speed internet a decade ago for example? What is the price now? Say you were making 50 thousand per year 10 years ago and you still make that same wage today. Inflation has cut against your total purchasing power technically, but you still can get a higher value for your money than you did 10 years ago due to technology, innovation, ect.

So yes, while wages have not always increased, the standard of living has.