Users of exchanges will anticipate arbitrage. So if price changes a lot on one exchange, traders on other exchanges will move in that direction.
This is my position -- I don't think it's really arbitrage that does it in most cases. As fast as bitcoin moves, it's still not fast enough. So traders are filling the gap.
More than anything, western exchanges follow moves on Chinese exchanges, expecting them to be followed across the market.
Its amazing how a dip on a western exchange with little volume affects the big chinese exchanges!!