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141  Bitcoin / Mining support / Re: Finding the nonce on: October 27, 2015, 08:55:15 PM
Been doing some educational research on Bitcoin mining and have a question about finding the nonce.

If my goal as a miner is to find 'winning' nonce such that when I concatenate the nonce, the previous hash, and the list of transactions that comprise that block such that the hash of this falls in the target space, what factors affect my list of transactions.
As a miner, you are free to select the transactions that you will put in a block. If you want to be antisocial, you can mine blocks that only contain your coinbase transaction. But see below for an additional incentive.

What ensures that I do not just use a list of 5 transactions and work off that?
Nothing - you could do that. However, the bookkeeping work to see whether the transactions were already mined by other miners, and selecting new unmined transactions for your block is about as expensive as the work needed to make a full block...

Obviously my block is potentially different than someone else's block, but how does that happen?
The coinbase transaction that you put into your block to get the block reward has a unique address which makes the hash unique even if everything else is equal.

And is it possible for me to purposely keep the amount of transactions very low, or is there even an incentive for me doing that?
Transaction fees and some ethics are what keeps miner from mining empty blocks. In addition, a blockchain that does not process transactions quickly enough will have reduced value, and this directly affects the perceived value of the crypto currency.

Onkel Paul
142  Bitcoin / Bitcoin Discussion / Re: The biggest secret of bitcoin on: October 26, 2015, 05:00:30 PM
That means some old clients might split the blockchain in about 200 years from now if they are still in use at that point in time.

Oh, good to know. I'll mark that year on my calendar so that I don't forget to be bothered when it happens.

Onkel Paul
143  Bitcoin / Development & Technical Discussion / Re: fractional amount in java on: October 26, 2015, 01:43:58 PM
Use a long with the amount in satoshi. Then when you need to convert to display an amount, just divide by 100000000

Wot he sez.

When you're dealing with money, forget about floating point, instead use fixed point numbers with the right number of decimals if your programming language has them, or just integer numbers in the smallest unit that you want to deal with (then you need to remember to insert a decimal point when talking to the outside world.)

Binary floating point cannot represent decimal fractional numbers exactly. This is not a fault in the programming language or its libraries, it's just a natural limitation when using fractional numbers and switching between different bases.

Onkel Paul
144  Local / Anfänger und Hilfe / Re: Stimmen die Berechnungen? on: October 26, 2015, 10:45:39 AM
Bei den Stromkosten und der Pauschale wäre ich etwas vorsichtig. Was steht da wirklich im Mietvertrag?
Wenn der Verbrauch dauerhaft so hoch ist, dass die Pauschale die tatsächlich entstehenden Stromkosten nicht deckt, wird der Vermieter den daraus entstehenden finanziellen Verlust nicht mit einem Schulterzucken hinnehmen.
Die Klimaanlage wird auch eine begrenzte Wärmetransportkapazität haben. Das sollte man mit einkalkulieren.
Und zum Schluss muss man beim Mining natürlich nicht nur die aktuelle Difficulty berücksichtigen, sondern die zu erwartende Entwicklung (dafür hat man schließlich seine gut polierte Kristallkugel...) Ich weiß nicht, ob der coinwarz-Kalkulator das ansatzweise macht.
Sobald die Miner ihre Investitionskosten eingespielt haben, ist man natürlich dauerhaft im grünen Bereich (wenn man Betriebskosten nicht rechnet).
Ich kann zu den 15.000 im Jahr nichts sagen, aber das ändert sich natürlich mit der Entwicklung der Difficulty und des Preises (und mit dem Block-Halving nächstes Jahr). Ob das dann reicht, um einen wirtschaftlichen Gewinn zu machen, muss man sehen.

Onkel Paul
145  Bitcoin / Bitcoin Discussion / Re: The biggest secret of bitcoin on: October 26, 2015, 10:29:03 AM
bitcrystal, das Problem ist nicht die Sprache, sondern deine Argumentation.
- Ob ein Developer irgendeiner Altcoin dort das Mining von mehr als 21 Millionen ermöglicht, hat für das Bitcoin-Mining überhaupt keine Bedeutung. Lass also bitte Altcoins einfach aus der Argumentation raus, sie verwirren nur.
- Die zitierte Codestelle, die den maximalen Umfang einer Transaktion prüft (txout.nValue > MAX_MONEY), ist redundant, weil es sowieso nie Inputs in der Höhe geben kann geben kann. Diese Prüfung ist aber kein Argument dafür, dass es insgesamt mehr Bitcoins geben könnte.
- Auch die Tatsache, dass der Mining-Reward in einem Block nicht nur aus den frischen Bitcoins des Blocks besteht, sondern zusätzlich Transaction-Fees enthält, ändert nichts daran, dass die maximale Summe an Bitcoins, die jemals existieren werden, gleich 20999999.9769 ist. Transaction-Fees erhöhen nicht das Gesamtvolumen von Bitcoins, sondern verteilen nur ein bisschen um. Wenn einmal alle 20999999.9769 Bitcoins erzeugt worden sind, werden natürlich durch die Transaction-Fees keine neuen Bitcoins erzeugt, sondern nur bestehende Bitcoins umverteilt von den Benutzern zu den Minern.

Onkel Paul
146  Bitcoin / Bitcoin Discussion / Re: The biggest secret of bitcoin on: October 25, 2015, 04:45:42 PM
i just lost several of my precious braincells reading OP (and his grammar wasn't the only reason)  Roll Eyes

But I bet that OP lost a lot more of his brain cells as a side effect of whatever he was drinking/smoking when he had this brilliant idea.

Onkel Paul
147  Other / Meta / Re: hey guys when will be the next update of a activity ? on: October 25, 2015, 04:35:18 PM
Here's a discussion of the activity interval calculation, including a spreadsheet to show when the next activity step will be:

https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=582736.0

Onkel Paul
148  Bitcoin / Bitcoin Discussion / Re: Repository of bitcoin nodes? on: October 23, 2015, 07:00:52 PM
I don't know whether there is historical data, although there might be a list of IP addresses in early versions of the bitcoin core software that were tried first to find working peers.
(Maybe not, I vaguely remember some IRC channel being used to find peer IP addresses, I didn't look at the technical aspects too closely)

Some data starting in 2011 can be found in the list of IP addresses that were connected to clockchain.info at least once.
The most recent data is at https://blockchain.info/en/ip-log/0, you can take the number of unique IP addresses, divide it by 50 (that's 69421 right now, might be 69422 by the time you try this), and use it instead of the "0" in the URL to see the earliest IP addresses that did not have a connection anytime later, i.e. this list show only the most recent connection time for each IP address. If 127.0.0.1 connected to blockchain.info first in 2011 and then at some later time, you won't see an entry for it in 2011.
The list is of course not representative of the nodes that existed in 2009, you see that in 2011 there were nodes from all over the world, so chances are really slim that your sleuthing work would lead to the earliest users of bitcoin.

I suspect that the first publicly accessible nodes were set up anonymously on some hosting service. It is highly unlikely that Satoshi ran a node on his home IP address and published that IP as some kind of "seed" node address when he was otherwise pretty careful to hide personally identifying information.

Onkel Paul
149  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Altcoin Discussion / Re: Altcoin storage without blockchain on: October 23, 2015, 10:56:01 AM
It was claimed on this forum (can't find the exact post right now) that it would take as long to download the torrent of the bitcoin blockchain, as it would take to download the blockchain in the normal way (using the core wallet).
I too find this hard to believe...

The blockchain download code in the standard wallet has recently been improved quite a bit so that the download time in the client is comparable to the torrent download time (it was considerably slower before.) I did not perform an actual measurement, but I think it's reasonably similar now. A big chunk of the blockchain syncing time seems to be spent on block and transaction verification and management of the UTXO set and memory pool. At least on my machine, network activity consumes comparably little time, so further optimizing this will probably not yield a much faster blockchain download.

Onkel Paul
150  Economy / Services / Re: Up to 0.035 BTC weekly for YOUR SIGNATURE *New rules on: October 21, 2015, 02:11:33 PM
Is there a reason why the signature of full members is larger than the one for senior members? Or am i supposed to add the sig of the senior member next to the sig of the full member once i'm having sr. status?

As far as I know the signature for senior members uses formatting that's not available to full members. In my opinion, it looks a little more polished, so I prefer it.
But if you want to, you can use the full member signature even if you're a senior member.
(if anyone knows better, please correct me)

Onkel Paul
151  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Altcoin Discussion / Re: Altcoin storage without blockchain on: October 21, 2015, 10:44:16 AM
You can install/encrypt/backup before sending coins to an address in your wallet.
The wallet only stores the private keys, not the actual coins, and depending on its type, it either generates a list of private keys in advance (the traditional approach), or it creates a sequence of keys (the HD approach.)
Of course, to show the true balance of your wallet, it needs to know the whole blockchain so it sees all transactions, and you will not be able to spend from the wallet before it sees the transactions.

Onkel Paul
152  Other / Beginners & Help / Re: Recomended client for Android on: October 16, 2015, 10:51:27 AM

how about this ?
i create new bitcoin address from blockchain, then i back up my private key
and restore my private key to mycellium wallet ?

That should simply work.
Mycelium also supports working with single addresses. It's not the default mode because it is recommended to use new addresses for every transaction to make tracing of your transactions harder, but for some cases, receiving several payments on just one address is ok.
For example, the address in my profile is used to receive signature campaign payments, and I've added the corresponding private key to my Mycelium wallet so that I can access it when needed.

Onkel Paul
153  Other / Beginners & Help / Re: Recomended client for Android on: October 16, 2015, 08:40:34 AM
It's true that Mycelium relies on centralized servers for blockchain access, and the availability of these servers is a single point of failure (there are no third-party compatible servers, as the server code is not open source.)
However, this does not mean that they can take control of your wallet or that you can't access your funds when their servers are unavailable. The wallet uses standard hierarchical deterministic key management, so by copying the seed to another wallet supporting the same mechanism, you would gain access to your funds again.

Onkel Paul
154  Local / Anfänger und Hilfe / Re: fehlende Bitcoins on: October 16, 2015, 08:08:26 AM
Leider ergibt das alles, was du hier schreibst, ohne genaue Infos keinen Sinn.

- Um welchen Shop/Service geht es? "Die" und "denen" ist nicht besonders spezifisch. Oder willst du das nicht schreiben, weil es irgendwie "problematisch" sein könnte?
- Wer hat dir wie die Adresse gegeben, an die du den Bitcoin-Betrag schicken solltest?
- Hast du dafür Nachweise (gespeicherte Mails etc.)?

Ohne solche Infos kannst du es echt lassen, hier zu posten - es kann dir keiner helfen, und dein Posting ist ohne Nennung des Service und des Hergangs auch nicht als Warnung für andere Benutzer geeignet. Und nur zum Dampf ablassen ist dieses Hilfe-Subforum nicht da.

Onkel Paul
155  Economy / Goods / Re: What goods are in demand? on: October 15, 2015, 02:42:17 PM
Anyone think people would be willing to pay for high street/main stream baby products with Bitcoin?

Wrong demographic. Bitcoin users are disproportionately male .. heavily disproportionate.

... and when inflatable dolls are in demand, baby products will not be :-)

Onkel Paul
156  Other / Beginners & Help / Re: Bitcoin and Paypal on: October 15, 2015, 01:22:12 PM
Buyer protection is certainly something that's really easy with PP but complicated with BTC.
However, I think the main reason for the discrepancy is the difference in numbers between Paypal users versus bitcoin users.
It's just very predictable that when only 1% of your shop users have bitcoins, the maximum percentage of sales with bitcoin will be 1% (it might be less, because many bitcoin users also have Paypal and might prefer to use it due to the buyer protection).

But your escrow point is valid, too.
Using escrow is currently difficult because buyer and seller need to agree on an escrow that both trust, which can take some time for a first time buyer.
It would probably be faster if escrow providers were more widely known and trusted, so that your shop's checkout page could just offer escrow with 3 or 5 escrow providers that you trust, and the buyer would recognize at least two of them as trustworthy and select one of them, just as he could select between different payment options. In addition, buyer would need to securely communicate with escrow without seller being able to "impersonate" a trustworthy escrow.

All of this infrastructure needs to be set up and needs to be accepted by buyers. Huge payment providers have much more incentive (and much more spendable money) to build and promote such infrastructure. If we want this to happen in bitcoin-land, we (or rather escrow providers together with shop owners) should get together to implement and promote such an infrastructure.

Onkel Paul
157  Local / Anfänger und Hilfe / Re: Physikalische Wallet - Funktionsweise + Angebote on: October 15, 2015, 11:17:36 AM
Bist du nicht der Kryptoexperte der uns sichere Verschlüsselung verkaufen will?  Roll Eyes

Ja, ist er. Aber jeder muss ja mal klein anfangen :-)
158  Local / Anfänger und Hilfe / Re: Physikalische Wallet - Funktionsweise + Angebote on: October 15, 2015, 11:17:08 AM
Kann man machen, aber USB Sticks sind nichts für die Ewigkeit (Flash-Speicher kann nach ein paar Jahren Info verlieren).
Wenn du eine ganze Wallet speichern willst, sind vermutlich qualitativ Gold-CD-R das Medium der Wahl, die sollen 300 Jahre oder mehr aushalten, ist also auch noch was für die Ur-ur-ur-ur-Enkel :-) falls die dann noch über Software verfügen, die das entsprechende Wallet-Dateiformat lesen kann.
Aber für die einfache Lagerung ist ein sicher aufbewahrter privater Schlüssel ausreichend. Ob er jetzt auf einem Stück Papier in deinem Küchenschrank liegt oder hinter einem aufgeklebten Hologramm in einer Münze in deinem Bankschließfach, ist technisch nicht entscheidend (Beim Küchenschrank würde ich mir etwas mehr Gedanken wegen Feuer oder Einbruch machen...)
Einen privaten Schlüssel kannst du in jeder Wallet-Software einfach importieren und hast damit Zugriff auf die Bitcoins, die an die entsprechende Adresse gesendet wurden. Das dürfte auch in 300 Jahren noch problemlos gehen, falls Bitcoins dann noch benutzt werden.

Onkel Paul
159  Local / Anfänger und Hilfe / Re: Physikalische Wallet - Funktionsweise + Angebote on: October 15, 2015, 10:40:48 AM
Natürlich kann man die Bitcoins, die mit so einem physikalischen Coin gespeichert sind, wieder ganz normal benutzen.
Diese physikalischen Coins sind ja nichts anderes als Informationsspeicher für den privaten Schlüssel. Sobald man das Hologramm abknibbelt, hat man den privaten Schlüssel zu der Adresse wieder in der Hand und kann damit die Bitcoins ausgeben (auch teilweise, dann muss man halt das Wechselgeld an eine neue Adresse schicken, die man wieder sicher verpacken kann).
Was diese Coins natürlich nicht leisten können, sind Wallet-Funktionen (also Generierung von Adressen, Ausgeben von Teilbeträgen, Verwalten von Wechselgeld).

Wenn du eine echte Wallet haben willst, dann solltest du nach Trezor und ähnlichen Produkten schauen. Das sind sozusagen kleine Computer mit Wallet-Software, die alles das können, was du auf dem Computer zu Hause auch mit einer Wallet-Software tust (Verbindung zur Blockchain wird üblicherweise über einen angeschlossenen Computer hergestellt).
Der Vorteil von solchen Hardware-Wallets ist, dass sie wesentlich unempfindlicher gegen Schadsoftware sind, weil du sie ja nicht zum Surfen, Mail-Lesen und Altcoin-Wallets ausprobieren benutzt, und sie sind üblicherweise einfacher zu transportieren (das gilt aber auch für Wallet-Software auf einem Smartphone, die ich für kleinere Beträge bevorzugen würde).

Ob physikalische Coins oder andere Cold Storage, Hardware-, Smartphone-, Desktop- oder Online-Wallet das richtige sind, hängt vom Anwendungsfall ab.
Online-Wallets sind mir unsympathisch, würde ich nur als notwendiges Übel im Zusammenhang mit dem Zugriff auf eine Exchange akzeptieren.
Desktop mit Windows wäre selbst mir als ziemlich erfahrenen Computer-Anwender zu unsicher. Da ich sowieso nur mit Linux arbeite, stellt das aber kein Problem dar.
Auf dem Smartphone benutze ich für kleine Beträge (maximal so viel wie ich auch ohne Nachzudenken im Portemonnaie habe) eine Android-Wallet.
Und für Cold Storage besitze ich einfach nicht genug Bitcoins, der Aufwand lohnt sich für mich nicht.

Onkel Paul
160  Other / Beginners & Help / Re: As I start to mining? on: October 15, 2015, 09:04:34 AM
The most important information for a beginner is:

Don't start to mine if you want to make a profit!

Mining nowadays is impossible with general-purpose hardware (CPU & GPU).
Special-purpose bitcoin hardware is pretty expensive and can only yield a profit if
  • you get it quickly enough after it starts being available (because on one hand, difficulty adjusts to adapt to total mining power, which is normally increasing, and in addition, newer miners have better hash performance per consumed energy)
  • your electricity is cheap enough (otherwise mining rewards will not be enough to pay for the miner operation)
  • you get the miner cheap enough so that at one point your mining rewards minus operating costs exceed investment costs
As a beginner, you are very unlikely to meet all three requirements, so the chances are high that your mining business will be lossy.

Onkel Paul

By the way, your signature advertises a "service" that claims to yield 100% monthly profit for bitcoin investments. This is impossible to achieve, that service is with absolute certainty a scam. Well maybe it works if you happen to find "BITCION" to invest...
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