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How are vaccines made?
The most common way to make a vaccine involves using the virus antigen itself..
In any vaccine, the strain of virus that needs an immunisation must be identified before anything can be done. However, once the strain is identified, the antigen is isolated and either weakened or made inactive through a chemical process...
Virus proteins that are used to create vaccines are sometimes grown in cells that come from chicken embryos, or alternatively, they can be grown in a bioreactor like a Petri dish. This allows the antigens to grow in a controlled environment and be isolated from their host cells in order to create vaccinations.
When a virus is weakened or inactive, it can't reproduce in order to cause illness, but the body's immune system can still create antibodies to fight it off. That way, if you do come into contact with an active form of the virus, your body should be equipped to fight it before it makes you ill.
Vaccines in an outbreak
During unprecedented times, like the current coronavirus outbreak, vaccines must still go through the same process, but because the demand is higher a fast-tracked process is usually possible.
Right now, health professionals around the globe are racing against the clock to get a vaccine for this virus. However, the issue is that creating a vaccine takes time. However, the fact that all efforts from health professionals around the globe will be focused on getting a vaccine could quicken the process...
But in order to do this, scientists need to identify the exact strain of the virus causing the pandemic.
Before any vaccine can be produced, the exact strain causing the epidemic or pandemic must be identified and isolated, as with any other vaccine production..
Unfortunately, even in cases where an immunisation is desperately needed, it can take a long time to create one, and certain processes can only be accelerated so much before safety is compromised.
Any vaccine, including those made for a mass outbreak, are produced in the same ways. However, Moderna, the company behind one of the current vaccines being trialled for COVID-19, uses mRNA technology - a faster method than traditional vaccines.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a molecule found in cells which carries DNA codes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where a process called protein synthesis is carried out.
The DNA sequence of the virus is transcribed into mRNA, meaning that the actual antigen of the virus itself isn't included in the vaccine,. Despite that, it still contains everything that the body needs to create specific antibodies to fight off the virus.
Would be helpful
...... There are some excerpts ..........
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Waiting for the Covid-19 vaccine
How are vaccines made?
The most common way to make a vaccine involves using the virus antigen itself..
In any vaccine, the strain of virus that needs an immunisation must be identified before anything can be done. However, once the strain is identified, the antigen is isolated and either weakened or made inactive through a chemical process...
Virus proteins that are used to create vaccines are sometimes grown in cells that come from chicken embryos, or alternatively, they can be grown in a bioreactor like a Petri dish. This allows the antigens to grow in a controlled environment and be isolated from their host cells in order to create vaccinations.
When a virus is weakened or inactive, it can't reproduce in order to cause illness, but the body's immune system can still create antibodies to fight it off. That way, if you do come into contact with an active form of the virus, your body should be equipped to fight it before it makes you ill.
Vaccines in an outbreak
During unprecedented times, like the current coronavirus outbreak, vaccines must still go through the same process, but because the demand is higher a fast-tracked process is usually possible.
Right now, health professionals around the globe are racing against the clock to get a vaccine for this virus. However, the issue is that creating a vaccine takes time. However, the fact that all efforts from health professionals around the globe will be focused on getting a vaccine could quicken the process...
But in order to do this, scientists need to identify the exact strain of the virus causing the pandemic.
Before any vaccine can be produced, the exact strain causing the epidemic or pandemic must be identified and isolated, as with any other vaccine production..
Unfortunately, even in cases where an immunisation is desperately needed, it can take a long time to create one, and certain processes can only be accelerated so much before safety is compromised.
Any vaccine, including those made for a mass outbreak, are produced in the same ways. However, Moderna, the company behind one of the current vaccines being trialled for COVID-19, uses mRNA technology - a faster method than traditional vaccines.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a molecule found in cells which carries DNA codes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where a process called protein synthesis is carried out.
The DNA sequence of the virus is transcribed into mRNA, meaning that the actual antigen of the virus itself isn't included in the vaccine,. Despite that, it still contains everything that the body needs to create specific antibodies to fight off the virus.
Would be helpful
...... There are excerpts ..........
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Many thanks to all those who made the above comments. As a newcomer to those ideas, I had much to learn. I thank you for those comments as well. best wishes.
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Everything feels new, unbelievable, overwhelming. At the same time, it feels as if we’ve walked into an old recurring dream. In a way, we have. We’ve seen it before, on TV and in blockbusters. We knew roughly what it would be like, and somehow this makes the encounter not less strange, but more so.
Are we the only creatures living in space, which seems to have a diameter of 93 billion light years (approximately 93,000,000,000 x 10,000,000,000,000 km!)? There are two trillion other galaxies in the Visible Universe. There may be hundreds of billions of stars and trillions of other planets in each galaxy. This increases the likelihood of other creatures in one corner of the universe.
We must not confuse terms. One thing is "destroyed" (i.e., totally fragmented or consumed by the Sun's extreme heat), which will occur in several billions years to come. Other is becoming inhabitable for some or almost all species. As we humans are going behaving, in a few centuries, it may be such a case for humans (most of tem, some will survive, and perhaps evolve). Many species would become extant as well. In a case of a hostile environment for humans in centuries to come, doubtedly we will find some place better than Earth for surviving for long. For sure, there are several million places able to sustain our life, but we will not be easily capable to get there, at least in a century or so. Unless we discover something we really don't know that we don't know yet.
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If you are suggesting selling somebodies credit card details on the dark web, you deserve to be banned.
Yes, it is simply the truth.  |
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#PROOF OF REGISTRATION
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