European countries are getting deeper in debt as the energy crisis worsens. For example Germany is going to set a record high debt of $539 billion according to bloomberg
Since you don't live in Europe, you can chill and relax. Despite some other users insisting on changing the subject, I'm trying to analyze The Big Shuffle that is taking place on a global scale affecting everyone who is living on earth! Such big changes have always affected everyone in history, specially when the World Order is being replaced. In my opinion what happens to Europe in the next couple of years is the defining factor in the New World Order, hence the focus on Europe. By the way I want to remind you that Germany had an unbeliveable hyperinflation. It was so severe in 1920 that a waiter would stand up on a table every 30 minutes to call out the new prices. And imagine, in one century Germany, after the ww1 and ww2, managed to become forth largest economy in the world. Don't underestimate Germany and German people.
That's true but you need to expand your view instead of focusing on one country; everywhere you look in the history you see the same rise and falls repeated over and over again. Empires rise and rise until some day they fall and then from those ashes they rise again. |
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Today again attack on Dnipro apartments killed more than 40 people including children.
Its been months that Ukraine has been attacked - isn't there any rule of war to be stopped after the X numbers of day - this. is beyond horrible.
Sadly there are no laws on the global scene specially none when a country invades another. If you look at all other invasions you can see that they do the same exact thing as Russians if not worse. There are dozens and dozens of cases for example when US invaded Iraq the largest part of their attacks were on civilians, the strangest thing I recently found out was that hundreds of Iraqi scientists were assassinated ever since the invasion started! Unfortunately I don't see any difference in this invasion either. It will continue until either Ukraine is destroyed or Russia in completely exhausted like US did after 20 years and spending $7 trillion. Neither are happening any time soon though. |
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I didn't understand why whales would profit from futures' contracts if BTC stayed below 17,000$ by the end of 2022, but that is exactly what happened, as if the market was indeed being manipulated by big investors, working like a "dam" to not let Bitcoin pass further or through, just like now there is strong dam damming Bitcoin at 21,000$ price range.
There is always a lot of reasons for manipulating bitcoin market. Different entities have different agendas, for example one that I heard some speculators say was the fact that when other markets were crashing the capital was fleeing those markets, preventing bitcoin price from going up meant that capital wouldn't come to bitcoin. Imagine what would have happened if when US stock market was crashing hard and people were pulling out of it, the bitcoin price soared like what happened 2 years ago... That is a nightmare of market-makers in stock market that they won't let happen. |
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Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies should not be placed in the same category since it would be like asking how much stocks and penny stocks you own. Even that is not the best example since even penny stocks have some utilities while altcoins have none! In any case, I do not own or bag hold any altcoins even though I may trade them during their pump and dumps. I have said it before that majority of my portfolio is bitcoin which is a high percentage, that sometimes makes me uncomfortable since I feel like I haven't diversified enough into other markets  |
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The problem is never with selling or buying, the problem is with panic selling and panic buying.
That means for example when the price falls down a lot and reaches the bottom the weak hands start selling after that inside the accumulation phase and when price is already down instead of before the drop and when it is still high.
Similarly the same weak hand start panic buying after the price went up and reached higher levels instead of buying in the dip and while price is already low!
Part of this behavior is because some people have have no idea what they are doing. They don't even know what bitcoin is, if you ask them to explain it to you they will say "it is profitable"!
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You are slightly confused about how bitcoin actually works. It is not based on "accounts" or "addresses", bitcoin is purely UTXO based. Meaning each time you want to send bitcoin you spend UTXOs in a transaction by providing an unlocking script to the locking script of the UTXO using the smart contract system Bitcoin has in form of scripts.
Address is on a higher layer targeting the user and user interface to make it easier to use, not the low level protocol.
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My question is: what prevents you from setting up a million nodes with these rules, pretending to be a million users?
Absolutely nothing specially since the cost is very minimal. Also this is exactly why we are using Proof of Work algorithm not something silly like Proof of Node or Stake! and we use the term "1 CPU 1 Vote" not "1 Node 1 Vote". |
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Using these two very unrelated topics together (PoS and bitcoin) is pretty weird! Everything else is a scam as we have seen with so many major altcoins imploding over the years.
Altcoins "imploding" is not always because they were "scams". They die only because they are useless. 1. Proof of stake tokens such as ethereum can be generated out of thin air in unlimited amounts.
Shitcoins like Ethereum had unlimited supply when they were using PoW too. Switching to PoS didn't change that. But you are right that the reward is practically out of thin air since they don't really do any "work" to get rewarded for it. The SEC and CFTC have both stated bitcoin is the only digital asset recognized as a commodity in the United States. Everything else are unregistered securities.
To be fair you should not care what the centralized authorities say about bitcoin or cryptocurrencies in general. A couple of years ago the Chinese authorities released a list of "valuable" cryptocurrencies and on top of that list was ETH! Ethereum has Vitalik Buterin, Cardano has Charles Hoskinson, Terra Luna had Do Kwon, etc.
These shitcoins also have a huge premined that is usually why those like ETH switch to PoS, so that the owners can make money without doing anything. Well I liked ethereum a lot better when it was using PoW.
Then you do not know what Ethereum is! Ethereum is a centralized shitcoin with a gigantic premine and a mutable blockchain where they can roll back blocks if they wanted to and a severely flawed protocol that can easily be exploited. The only usage it has is creating tokens to scam people with. You see, none of these things had anything to do with PoS! Ethereum switching to PoS was adding yet another flaw on top of their pile... The only reason this shitcoin got any big was 2 part: 1. It had a pretty strong pumping team with millions of dollars to waste. 2. It provided a fantastic environment to scam people very easily and without any cost which also attracted a lot of gamblers who invested in those scams. |
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Your expectations were wrong back then and they are still wrong.
Just because there was a market manipulation and price went below intrinsic value doesn't mean it can continue falling down more! Similarly just because we broke one major resistance at $20k it doesn't mean we are in a bull run, the price simply corrected itself and went back up trying to get closer to a realistic value otherwise it still takes time to enter a bull market.
So far the signals are positive though.
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You should keep in mind that in DER encoding the integers have arbitrary sizes and can have a sign so in order to indicate r and s integers are positive the most significant bit is used, if it is set the number is negative otherwise it is positive. This means in ECDSA signatures that both integers are positive if the most significant bit is set we have to add a 0x00 at the beginning so the whole structure posted above changes.
0x44 and both 0x20 indicate the size of the sequence and integer respectively, if the 0x00 is added it has to be reflected correctly (0x20 -> 0x21).
This is why you will sometimes see signatures (specially in transactions from early years) that have signatures bigger than 72 bytes.
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Is there a place where we, Bitcoiners post block wars, can read about this important part of the history? As far as I know, Segwit was user-activated, and miners followed.
Not really People have their own interpretation of what went on and they report history differently too. What can not be disputed is the fact that like any other soft-fork miners started signalling for the change through S2X (verifiable on blockchain since it is reflected in block versions and coinbase scripts) and when the signalling surpassed the threshold, SegWit was locked in and was activated later. I personally don't accept that 10% of nodes (not miners) signalling UASF forced anything on miners.  Things were a lot more complicated than that, we had people in social media pressuring miners, we had the largest spam attack in bitcoin history taking place making everyone angry (except miners I suppose), there were big businesses that used bitcoin pressuring miners, there were scammers like bcash people trying to threaten chain split with Bitmain turning into a P.I.A. with their support of "chain splitters", ... Most of these things can be found in the news sites and on reddit and on this forum but I haven't seen anybody writing a full post mortem yet. |
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1. In tx inputs, the size is dominated by scriptsig.
Each input has parts with fixed size and parts with variable size, the signature script and the witness (that could also be counted as part of input) have variable size depending on what type of output-script is being spent and are generally bigger than other parts. which has an example of a scriptsig for one input, and says that it has 140 hex chars (=70 bytes) for the digital signature and 130 hex chars (=65 bytes) for the hashed public key. My question is a) why 70 bytes for an ECDSA signature? b) why 65 bytes for a RIPEMD160 hash? (unless this example is incorrect and I am missing something).
65 bytes is the uncompressed public key (which is uncommon by the way) not the hash of it. Normally the compressed public key is used which is 33 bytes. Note that such scripts are for spending one of the oldest and simplest output-scripts called P2PKH. 2. In tx outputs, the size is dominated by scriptpubkey. For 2 outputs, you need to have 2 Pay To Pubkey Hash correct?
Correct, assuming you want to pay to P2PKH addresses, there are a bunch of other types with slightly different sizes. The hash alone is 20 bytes, there are other stuff in the script itself to create the locking script: OP_DUP (1 byte)
OP_HASH160 (1 byte)
OP_PUSH (1 byte)
<hash> (20 bytes)
OP_EQUALVERIFY (1 byte)
OP_CHECKSIG (1 byte)
The "OP_" codes are like commands telling the script interpreter (smart contract machine) what to do. For example OP_DUP tells it to duplicate the item it finds on top of the stack. Note that "OP_PUSH" isn't exactly a named OP code, it is basically a byte telling the interpreter the size of the data it should read ahead and push to the stack (0x14 --> read and push 20 bytes). |
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~
We have passed it, if we consider covid-19 run and it's subsequent effect to the world economy resulting to what we now see, inflation + recession, and then the geo political event in the background, the war in Europe.
So I think if we have passed the pandemic, then there's nothing stopping us from bouncing this year, although we are still in the middle of the bear market, at least the market is going to recover before the block halving in 2024 and maybe by that time every economy around the world is doing good already.
I hope so but the outlook is not so good. After the pandemic the governments managed to prevent a severe case of inflation by increasing the interest rates and prevented the economy from entering recession. But this time their attempts at increasing the interest rate to decrease inflation has had very little success and the economy is experiencing both inflation and recession. Keep in mind that increasing interest rates only works so much before it becomes ineffective and we are already at that point. On top of that the way gigantic companies are firing their employees we could soon see a serious case of unemployment on top of inflation and recession which would force governments to pay them some money that would cause more inflation. Then on top of all that we have another wave of COVID pandemic threat that could cause another 2020 style shut down. The situation in China is getting worse and there is a fear that they'd spread it across the world once again, maybe this time a mutated version of it. |
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I haven't seen any serious or "official" discussions on alternative cryptography algorithms to replace what Bitcoin uses in case some day in the far away future the quantum computing threat became real but the "unofficial" statements sometimes point to algorithms such as Lamport signatures or Merkle signatures. And of course the general work that is being done in the world (ie. unrelated to bitcoin) for the post-quantum-computer era for cryptography. But the problem with these algorithms is that they produce larger signatures that would increase transaction size and obviously eat up block space much quicker so it is going to be challenging to find a good replacement. Another problem off the top of my head is for example keys in Lamport signatures can not be reused, which is something a lot of bitcoin users do. The good news is that we are still years (probably decades) away from needing a real replacement. |
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Bitcoin is a manipulative market
There is a huge difference between having market that can be manipulated and being a manipulated market. Bitcoin market is the former, it can be manipulated and we have seen a lot of examples of it but it is not at all a manipulated market. A manipulated market is the altcoin market where the only reason why the altcoins go up and down is market manipulation (aka pump and dumps). |
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Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies has a limit of their total volume supply
It is worth knowing that a lot of altcoins actually have unlimited supplies specially the big ones with huge premines such as ETH and XRP. I’m inquisitive to know if there’s any possibility that a person can’t purchase bitcoin anywhere because all the people holding the total supply of bitcoin are not willing to sell but hold them, maybe for some reasons known to them or possible pump they’re expecting before selling it.
At the end of the day bitcoin is a currency and it will remain liquid. That means it will be traded on exchanges even if it had a fixed price (like after reaching mass adoption) and it will be used for payments like any other currency. In other words there will always be a lot of different ways to acquire bitcoin. |
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I'm curious: how did you get to this point? I see many dust transactions from last year.
If I had to guess based on OP's post history these keys are the publicly known private keys from puzzles, small keys (like 1), brainwallets, etc. which is why if you check out the timestamps on the transactions in the history, each transaction is usually spent immediately within seconds.  |
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It is not possible to find the problem without seeing the PSBT contents but usually problems like this are caused by the wallet creating the wrong "fingerprint" for the transaction the wallet sends to the other device/tool to sign. This is why your Electrum wallet created using the master public key is showing correct derivation path and correct addresses but the PSBT is rejected.
Conversely when you export the JSON file from ColdCard, it already contains the correct fingerprint so the PSBT created that way is not rejected.
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#whataboutism EU has its problems, but I find it kinda ironic to hear all that coming from someone who lives in a theocracy that has one of the highest number of executions in the world (2nd only to China),
That's not even close to being true. lol I looked at some of the lists you are referring to. The fact that all of them put the US colony known as Saudi Arabia (that cut the heads off at least 73 people in the past month alone) way below Iran with somewhere around 20 executions per year disqualifies the said lists altogether. Interestingly enough when you follow their references you eventually find your way to a Western mouth pieces like the London based terrorist organization called "Iran International" that are making up stats which are off-topic here so I won't get into details. where women get beaten to death for not covering their heads properly.
Have you even been to Iran or are you just parroting what the Western mainstream media tells you?  |
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We protest because we have the luxury to protest and not to end up sentenced to death like in some theocracies or sent by Putin to die in Ukraine. And don't you worry about Europe, we will be just fine. That's true, they'll shoot you to death on the streets without any courts or best case scenario you will just disappear in total media blackout and anybody talking about it will be brutally silenced even if you are a pregnant lady "down under" who liked a post on Twitter and they beat the silence into her. Or you'd be beaten and maimed in streets to become a symbol with one eye wearing "yellow" that is illegal to post on social media.  I'm not worried about Europe at all specially since the military is on the standby to bring down hell on anybody who insists on having the "luxury" |
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