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281  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [ANN][ICO] 🌎 TOKENBOX 🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 14, 2017, 04:29:27 AM
How much does the developers of this platform take? I mean what percentage of all the investments are in the quality of the reward for the developers?
282  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [ANN][ICO] 🌎 TOKENBOX 🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 14, 2017, 03:27:55 AM
As far as I understand, the internal payment system will be integrated inside the platform or, well, like that. It will be possible to pay both with fiat money and crypto currency and tokens, and also convert it all inside the system. And how will rates of different currencies and tokens be calculated?
Do they really accept investments in the form of fiat money?  Huh
Yes, but not within the TGE campaign.
What does it mean?
283  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [ANN][ICO] 🌎 TOKENBOX 🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 14, 2017, 03:26:48 AM
As far as I understand, the internal payment system will be integrated inside the platform or, well, like that. It will be possible to pay both with fiat money and crypto currency and tokens, and also convert it all inside the system. And how will rates of different currencies and tokens be calculated?
Do they really accept investments in the form of fiat money?  Huh
284  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [ANN][ICO] 🌎 TOKENBOX 🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 14, 2017, 03:06:11 AM
On your website you state that your platform will have professional software. Is there a beta version? Or approximate models or operating time?
So the site already has a couple of screenshots. What else do you want to see?
Well this is not exactly what I would like to see. it would be great to see a more detailed layout, maybe even a little demonstration of how this will work.
I think it is necessary to wait for the announcement of the project or closer to this time will be known more information about the technical details of the project.
When will the platform be launched?
In the summer of 2018 (Q3 2018) At least they are so written in the road map
Wow, how long. I thought the platform would come out faster.  Undecided
Really very long. I was hoping to see some layouts or outline of the program much earlier!
Maybe we should wait until the end of TGE, and we'll see more details
Hope so Smiley
285  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [ANN][ICO] 🌎 TOKENBOX 🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 14, 2017, 03:01:28 AM
On your website you state that your platform will have professional software. Is there a beta version? Or approximate models or operating time?
So the site already has a couple of screenshots. What else do you want to see?
Well this is not exactly what I would like to see. it would be great to see a more detailed layout, maybe even a little demonstration of how this will work.
I think it is necessary to wait for the announcement of the project or closer to this time will be known more information about the technical details of the project.
When will the platform be launched?
In the summer of 2018 (Q3 2018) At least they are so written in the road map
Wow, how long. I thought the platform would come out faster.  Undecided
286  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [ANN][ICO] 🌎 TOKENBOX 🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 14, 2017, 03:00:17 AM
On your website you state that your platform will have professional software. Is there a beta version? Or approximate models or operating time?
So the site already has a couple of screenshots. What else do you want to see?
Well this is not exactly what I would like to see. it would be great to see a more detailed layout, maybe even a little demonstration of how this will work.
I think it is necessary to wait for the announcement of the project or closer to this time will be known more information about the technical details of the project.
When will the platform be launched?
287  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [ANN][ICO] 🌎 TOKENBOX 🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 14, 2017, 02:59:35 AM
On your website you state that your platform will have professional software. Is there a beta version? Or approximate models or operating time?
So the site already has a couple of screenshots. What else do you want to see?
Well this is not exactly what I would like to see. it would be great to see a more detailed layout, maybe even a little demonstration of how this will work.
288  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [ANN][ICO] 🌎 TOKENBOX 🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 14, 2017, 02:58:13 AM
On your website you state that your platform will have professional software. Is there a beta version? Or approximate models or operating time?
289  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Bounties (Altcoins) / Re: [BOUNTY][TGE]🌎 TOKENBOX🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 14, 2017, 12:24:06 AM
Thank you for the opportunity to participate in the bounty! I join the twitter and Facebook campaign! Smiley
290  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [ANN][ICO] 🌎 TOKENBOX 🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 13, 2017, 02:27:57 AM
And in what form will my investment be stored in this platform? How will this be realized?
For investors, a multi-currency purse of two different types will be available. "easy" and "professional".
And what will be the difference between these two types of purses? I mean technically, of course.
In case you use a "light" type of purse, then all the keys are stored on the servers of the developers. If you choose "professional", then you keep the keys yourself.
Is it safe? Keep the keys to your purse on some servers. What if hackers hack the server and steal the keys? After all, this situation has already happened to some crypto-exchange exchanges, if I'm not mistaken.
291  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [ANN][ICO] 🌎 TOKENBOX 🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 13, 2017, 02:22:32 AM
And in what form will my investment be stored in this platform? How will this be realized?
For investors, a multi-currency purse of two different types will be available. "easy" and "professional".
And what will be the difference between these two types of purses? I mean technically, of course.
292  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [ANN][ICO] 🌎 TOKENBOX 🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 13, 2017, 02:20:36 AM
And in what form will my investment be stored in this platform? How will this be realized?
293  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [ANN][ICO] 🌎 TOKENBOX 🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 13, 2017, 01:06:22 AM
If I understand the essence of the project correctly, then this platform will create an ICO on the basis of the Tokenbox platform, right?
 Huh
Well, to a certain extent, yes.
Only these "potential" ICOs are called funds, right?
It turns out so, yes. You can read the whitepaper, everything is described in detail.
294  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [ANN][ICO] 🌎 TOKENBOX 🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 13, 2017, 01:01:12 AM
If I understand the essence of the project correctly, then this platform will create an ICO on the basis of the Tokenbox platform, right?
 Huh
Well, to a certain extent, yes.
295  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [ANN][ICO] 🌎 TOKENBOX 🌎 - Ecosystem for crypto investors, funds and traders on: October 13, 2017, 12:28:33 AM
Very interesting project!
Your project now has the stage of TGE crowdsale, so how does the TGE differ from ICO?
In fact, nothing. It's the same thing, as I understand it.
TGE - Token Generation Event. It is a synonym of the ICO, ICO sells coins, and TGE tokens.That's the whole difference
296  Local / 媒体 / 从改变共识机制入手,Crysto想搭建每秒承载数千笔交易的区块链高速公路 on: June 22, 2017, 07:47:51 PM
2015年11月5日,硅谷知名投资人Tim Draper从FBI手中以每枚300美元的价格,一举购入三万枚比特币。此举不仅震惊了数字货币社区,对比特币也进行了一次全球范围内的高度曝光。有趣的是,他在2012年创办的Draper University(英雄学院),让一批优秀创业者聚集于此,一些优质的区块链项目也由此生根发芽。今天,我们要介绍的区块链项目Crysto就与Draper University颇有渊源。

Crysto是一个具有高扩展性的基于混合工作量证明及拜占庭容错共识的区块链架构。很多人可能会问,既然已经有了比特币、以太坊,为什么我们还需要一个新的区块链? 提出这个问题等于问“我们已经有了马车,为什么还需要汽车?”目前,公有区块链每秒钟仅能够处理几笔交易。因此,Crysto目标成为第一个无需许可、并能够处理每秒数千笔价值传输交易和智能合约的公有区块链。

2015年11月5日,硅谷知名投资人Tim Draper从FBI手中以每枚300美元的价格,一举购入三万枚比特币。此举不仅震惊了数字货币社区,对比特币也进行了一次全球范围内的高度曝光。有趣的是,他在2012年创办的Draper University(英雄学院),让一批优秀创业者聚集于此,一些优质的区块链项目也由此生根发芽。今天,我们要介绍的区块链项目Crysto就与Draper University颇有渊源。

Crysto是一个具有高扩展性的基于混合工作量证明及拜占庭容错共识的区块链架构。很多人可能会问,既然已经有了比特币、以太坊,为什么我们还需要一个新的区块链? 提出这个问题等于问“我们已经有了马车,为什么还需要汽车?”目前,公有区块链每秒钟仅能够处理几笔交易。因此,Crysto目标成为第一个无需许可、并能够处理每秒数千笔价值传输交易和智能合约的公有区块链。

 

聚人:从 “丝绸之路”和塞浦路斯危机说起
 

几年前,Crysto创始人Sky在科技媒体上看见关于比特币报道的时候,对比特币到底能做什么还一无所知。直到2013年塞浦路斯危机,关于比特币的媒体声音又浮出水面,怀着对比特币愿景的些许兴趣,Sky开始对比特币进行更深入的了解,包括技术原理和如何使用。

而真正接触比特币的核心技术——区块链和P2P网络,还要从去年加入Draper University说起。2016年,区块链技术风靡硅谷,几乎每一家加速器和投资机构都或多或少参与到区块链项目中。在Draper University的对面,就是一家专注区块链领域的投资机构Boost VC。

也是由于同在Draper大学,Sky结识了如今Crysto团队中的几位核心成员,负责欧洲事务的Mike和联合创始人Christian Mate Jr。Christian在11年通过“丝绸之路”了解比特币,用他玩游戏的电脑开始挖矿,那时候比特币的价格还只有12美元。今年,他和Sky合作开发的全民医疗身份认证项目也在美国政府第一次赞助的Hackathon中获得了优异名次。

Mike也是因为Tim Draper,专程从荷兰飞到美国。他成立了一家法律技术创业公司,运用区块链的加密证明及不可变更性进行审计。

“17年初,Tim Draper曾预测比特币价格可以达到一万美元一枚,很多人都认为是天方夜谭,”Sky回忆到,“而我们看如今的比特币,这其实已经不是一个遥不可知的未来了。”
时间再回到11年的中国。团队的另一位联合创始人,Solomon正在中科大的实验室里,用“偷”学校的电,配上几台非常破旧的机器和显卡,进行着在当时非常罕见的行为——比特币挖矿。Solomon笑着说,“最后挖了半天,显卡钱赚回来,出去搓了一顿。”

尽管挖矿到这儿也就结束了,但Solomon对比特币的兴趣恰恰由此开始。在研究了整套算法后,他认为比特币的工作量证明机制,分布式等等非常具有颠覆性,“暴力而优雅”,这是他对比特币的评价。

同样认为比特币具有革新性的还有团队另一位创始成员,Yifu。Yifu曾在多个国际一流IT跨国公司工作,包括微软和育碧;他也有多个先前项目创业的经验。“Sky是一个很有创新和探索精神的人,我们以前就经常喜欢一起讨论一些技术方面的趋势和创业的可能性并尝试付诸实践;而区块链就是我们最新的讨论议题。”16年听了Sky的介绍,Yifu开始研究中本聪关于比特币的论文,仿佛打开了新世界的大门,“这个人简直是个天才,整个理念都是革新性的。中本聪是从未来穿越到今天的人”,Yifu感慨道。“比特币真正做到了去中心化,无需许可,无需信任,公开透明,不可篡改,仰仗着数学的力量。这不仅是金融行业的未来,也是当今原子化社会人与人之间自由交易的未来。”

年仅19岁的Christian在采访中说,“随着对比特币的参与增加,我们开始意识到区块链真正的价值远远超过比特币,区块链将不可避免地支撑起在不同的领域的IT应用,包括健康、政府、金融以及更多。Crysto是我们朝向这个视野前进的方式。”

微信图片_20170621142243

“以我在纽约的见闻,区块链已经成了华尔街金融人士三句不离口的关键词。从这次我们团队参加的共识大会上就可见一斑。各大投行对于区块链项目都给予了极高的关注度。”Yifu提到,“我在摩根斯坦利的朋友告诉我,区块链技术现在极其火,不管是技术公司还是银行都在上倾注大量资源,希望抓住技术的浪潮分一杯羹。”
“我们公司内部非常渴望这样一个平台。”Yifu的另外一个金融业朋友私下对他说。

因为对区块链技术的一致兴趣,和对数字货币前景的共同期待,几人一起踏上了区块链的创业路。在项目开始不久以后便受到了多方面的关注和支持,包括Augur的创始人Jeremy Gardner,还吸引来了许多来自微软、谷歌、亚马逊、腾讯等世界顶级公司的小伙伴们纷纷加入。团队所有技术成员均拥有在美国顶尖高校就读经历。

 

探索:现存主流区块链仅仅是成功的实验
 

因为都是技术出身,本身又对大数据、加密学、网络算法这些黑客们偏好的领域有浓厚兴趣,自然从区块链底层技术入手研究。Sky首先研究的是怎么去写应用,比如运用以太坊的Solidity写智能合约。在这个过程中,Sky发现,尽管相对比特币而言,以太坊在很多方面有所创新,比如智能合约的设计,出块速度也有所提高。但就是因为功能强大,以太坊在安全上面临的挑战更多。

“去年发生的The DAO的安全事件,直接导致了至今仍存在争议的以太坊硬分叉,并且导致了社区分裂,也让社区用户重新思考以太坊的‘去中心化‘系统。“

同时,从编程的角度来讲,Solidity语言不完善,初学者很难掌握;而伴随着以太坊代币价格迅猛上涨,编写智能合约的gas费用翻了数十倍,让以太坊智能合约的编写费用偏高,在编程过程中经常遇到gas不足的问题。

除此以外,以太坊每秒15笔的交易速度也远远达不到Visa这样工业级处理要求的级别。
因此,Sky认为,以太坊算是一次非常成功的实验,但作为真正的区块链产品还远远不够。

比特币也是如此。尽管比特币是最去中心化的区块链,无需许可,只要节点参与挖矿,就可以加入到网络当中,收取交易费和挖矿奖励。但其致命的缺点就是速度慢。当前,平均每发送一笔交易就需要几小时甚至几天的时间,这在日常生活支付中是无法容忍的。

除了交易频次的问题,比特币所有的参数,比如出块时间,区块大小等都是直接写在代码里的,不能根据网络情况进行动态调整和升级。随着时间推移,比特币完全无法满足高增长的用户需求。

为了解决效率问题,另外一些人提出了权益证明机制PoS,但其本质是中心化的系统,控制网络节点的永远是固定的持有大量权益的人。比如比特股,交易速度非常快,但是发行权控制在创始人手里,随意进行增发,导致比特股市值一落千丈。

而新兴的IBM超级帐本,理论上能够提供最快的交易速度,但是在私有链的环境下,成为其节点要经过所有者的认可。

总的来说,现有区块链遇到的最大问题就是去中心化与处理速度之间的矛盾。如果仅仅是在单一服务器上运行,运算速度是非常快的,如果是在去中心化的网络上面,就需要协调几百个甚至上千台节点,会遇到网络延迟,恶意攻击,节点崩溃等种种问题。

 

寻路:从共识机制入手,做商用级别,自我更新的区块链
 

那么如何从根本上解决这些问题?Crysto团队认为,要从共识机制上来解决。“像侧链,闪电网络,隔离验证这些都是治标不治本的方法,因此我们必须要重新创建一条区块链。Crysto目标成为第一个能够处理每秒数千笔价值传输交易和智能合约的公有区块链。”Sky说。

在Crysto的解决方案中,运用了PBFT/PoW混合共识机制与联邦式架构。Solomon为此举了一个生动的例子:

“传统的比特币区块链有点像直接民主的制度,意味着不管发生什么事情,都要一起投票解决,但实现起来非常困难。而Crysto的思路更类似议会制,通过工作量证明选出一届新的委员会,再对新发生的交易进行投票表决,这样可以大大加快整个交易速度。”
在类似“总统-议员-普通人“结构中的领导节点进行交易处理,这些领导节点每隔一段时间就需要进行换届,也是通过分布式的选举算法选出,在这个过程中保证容错和效率。

微信截图_20170620135854

Solomon提到,“比特币速度慢的最主要原因是,区块的产生要有挖矿,也就是大约10分钟的等待时间,才能够被验证打包进区块,这意味着不管交易数量是多少,至少有十分钟的等待时间。但是交易验证的过程,其实是非常快的。现在任何一台桌面式的电脑,每秒钟都可以实现几万次到几十万次。”

在研读了大量论文后,尤其受到比特币改进方案Bitcoin-NG和ByzCoin的启发,Crysto形成了自有的一套实现方法:将去中心化无需许可的工作量证明机制用于进行节点的选举,用实用拜占庭容错进行交易的验证。并且把两个过程的结果分别放在两个区块链里面,这样就既具有了比特币去中心化,同时又具有了超级帐本海量交易速度的优势。在研发的过程中,团队还得到了著名区块链专家、Bitcoin-NG的发明者Emin Gun Sirer与ByzCoin的发明者Bryan Ford的热心指导。

具体来说,Solomon解释道,

“挖矿选出来的节点信息和工作量证明这些信息会写在选举区块里面。在他们的任期当中把交易打包成一个个小的区块,每隔几笔交易就打包一次。每个区块大小只有几百kb,由节点委员会对区块进行投票和验证。如果交易区块取得了三分之二同意,就立刻生效,并且永久保存在交易区块当中。除此之外,为了能够适应高频次的交易和所产生的数据,我们还引入了分片技术,一个节点可以与其他的几个节点相互连接,共享硬盘空间资源。”
微信截图_20170620135814

与此同时,Crysto设计了一种更为安全的虚拟机,提供轻量级的沙箱环境,可分离测试和产品。测试合约部署在支链上,而产品合约则部署在主链。基础架构具有易于使用的智能合约脚本,身份管理,安全消息传递和更多功能。Crysto还支持协议自动升级,可以根据网络能力调节并适应,当然每次升级程度有限,是循序渐进的。

因此,Crysto的初衷就是做能够满足大规模实际应用并且更加简单和安全,可以自我更新的区块链系统。

 

公链:参与、开放、安全赋予区块链最大价值
 

谈到为什么选择做公链这个方向,又回到了做Crysto的初衷,Sky说,

“我们做公链的目的是希望做成互联网这样,人人皆可参与,完全开放的。区块链平台上最有价值的,是其所承载的信息,只有越来越多的用户使用它,承认它,才能体现其价值,最终才能形成这个领域的一套标准。联盟链项目R3之前吸引了全世界诸多金融机构加入,但是后来高盛、摩根大通等巨头纷纷退出,反映了私有链和联盟链仅仅面向少数人,势必引发利益群体之间的博弈和纷争。只有公有链才是面向大多数人的利益。”
同时,Sky强调,“公链是安全性的试金石。如果一条公链在匿名、公开的能够被证明安全,那么它在私链环境下也一定足够安全。“

尽管团队成员来自不同国家,目前在全球各地分布工作,但由于中国移动支付发达的大环境,和各个方面对区块链技术发展的重视,在与万向,量子链,元界等等具有代表性的中国区块链行业从业者们交流之后,Sky依然非常期待回国打造Crysto的生态。

此前,Crysto已经拿到了数名硅谷天使投资人的投资,至今,Crysto的白皮书已经在官网发布,共识算法部分也通过代码实现,目前正与多方进行接洽,打造生态系统。

发文时比特币价格 ¥19638.97

记者:萌大大
稿源:巴比特资讯
版权声明:  by  nc"  sa 作者保留权利。文章为作者独立观点,不代表巴比特立场。
来自: 巴比特

原文地址:http://www.8btc.com/crysto-0621
Crysto官方网站:http://www.crysto.io
297  Economy / Investor-based games / Re: CRYPTOCLONE LLC █ 200+ CURRENCIES ACCEPTED █ 4 CUSTOMIZABLE PLANS █ 5% AFFILIATE on: June 08, 2017, 06:03:54 AM
hmm look pretty good to me, i will keep watch
298  Bitcoin / Development & Technical Discussion / Re: How does Bitcoin verify a signature against its hash160 pubkey? on: May 13, 2017, 03:43:20 PM
There is also some additional overhead for transaction version and data lengths.
In fact, the public key is also "overhead", because it can be derived from digest, signature and hash160.


What are the detailed steps for doing this?
299  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [PRE-ANN]Crysto - The Blockchain Superhighway on: May 11, 2017, 07:24:53 PM
The token issuance rate has been pre-decided. In the first year, total 100,000,000 Crystos can be mined, then the production rate halves every following year, until it reaches 1,000,000, from then on the annual supply shall become steady 1,000,000

Breakdown:

1st year 100,000,000
2nd year 50,000,000
3rd year 25,000,000
4th year 12,500,000
5th year 6,250,000
6th year 3,125,000
7th year 1,562,500
8th year and henceforth 1,000,000
300  Bitcoin / Development & Technical Discussion / Re: How does Bitcoin verify a signature against its hash160 pubkey? on: May 06, 2017, 05:08:02 PM
Thanks
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