The only way to check it is to find out who sent these and ask them how or why they did it like that. Everything else is just guesswork.

It could be a lot of things, as I said it could be someone just having fun trolling others watching this puzzle key or it could be a broken code that someone was testing using this key maybe someone watching the key to steal the coins sent to it.

When generating k deterministically using RFC6979 you use the message digest (z) too. A broken implementation could have messed up and after computing the final HMAC copied the result in the second half of an output that had the original digest in its first half.

This is a very old puzzle where someone created a brainwallet using the phrase "bitcoin is awesome" and the private key of this address has been known for the past 10 years. If by "cracked it" you mean solved the brainwallet puzzle, then yes.
As for the Question, in later years others may have tried to have some fun with the existing puzzle by sending coins there and/or spend the coins in this known address with weird nonce values.

It is not a "key" in that script it is a hash or more specifically a 160-bit hash. It is also called pay to pubkey hash or P2PKH for short.

Same as above it is a hash not a key and it is called pay to script hash or P2SH for short.

P2SH scripts are a special case that were added many years ago through a soft fork that is explained in BIP-16[1]. The way these scripts are evaluated is a two step process.
First step is what is normally done in any other script (run signature script then run pubkey script) but a copy of the top stack element before running the pubkey (or locking) script is stored for next step.
Second step is evaluating that item we duplicated before (the top stack element) as a script called Redeem Script. Then run that script too using the existing items in the stack the rest is the same (eg. push some data to the stack, pop data, run CheckSig ops, etc.).

Keep in mind that the Redeem Script can be anything from a simple OP_TRUE to complex nested conditionals with locktimes and the common multi-sig scripts with multiple public keys inside.

[1] https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0016.mediawiki

We have to wait for the actual law to be passed and for more reliable news to come out but based on what every other country has done it always comes down to using centralization to tax people's finances. For example they could be taxing the profit people make from trading bitcoin (and shitcoins) they do on centralized exchanges whether domestic or foreign. In some cases we've seen governments attempting to create a domestic exchange just to be able to have more control and insight into what people do so that they can tax it easier.
And of course another way is to use merchants and payment processors (both are centralized) to take additional taxes.

In any case I don't think it is a big deal though since we are already paying taxes when we trade in other markets like stocks market or when we run a business and have to pay taxes on the income and more.

Assuming you haven't been scammed (which is unlikely!), it is not possible to brute force a passphrase that is 9-10 characters long since the permutation is just too huge (digit_length⁹ + digit_length¹⁰ = ~4e+18), your knowing 4 characters without knowing their position is not going to change anything.
Knowing the email domain (eg. gmail.com) would significantly reduce the size of the password although 9-10 chars total seems too short then.

Your post is still unclear.
Price of bitcoin (like everything else) is determined based on supply and demand. It all happens in the market and the market consists of mostly of centralized exchanges, half a dozen of them are the main ones with more smaller exchanges and also altcoin exchanges that list bitcoin/fiat markets. There is also decentralized P2P markets (DEX, OTC trades, etc.) that don't have the same direct effects on the price but they indirectly affect the supply and demand equilibrium.

That's right, the storage encoding is usually different from the encoding used for representing the keys. But that too depends on the software. For example sometimes they just store the key (encrypted or unecrypted) as binary in a .dat file so there is no string encoding used there, or in case of Electrum if the key is not encrypted they would be stored in Base58 form.

Checksum in mnemonic algorithms serve more purpose than just error detection. For example in BIP39 it also works as padding since each word is 11 bits and 12 words would be 132 bits while it is easier to generate entropy that is multiple of 8-bit. And in Electrum they act as the version to announce the child address type that has to be derived and their derivation path.

You are focusing on one thing (technology) in a massive market with tens of thousands of different goods that are being traded between countries. For example I heard in early days of the Russian invasion that Europe has stopped exporting simple things like dairy products and detergents to Russia! That market could easily be replaced with China (and others) and has nothing to do with advanced technologies.

There are a couple of problems with that logic. First of all the technology didn't come from outer space, same people who invented those can reinvent them elsewhere. Secondly almost everything I saw the West banned for exports to Russia can be acquired from elsewhere namely countries that don't give a crap about those sanctions.
I'm not very familiar with 3D printer tech but I know for a fact that there are at least a dozen Iranian companies that are manufacturing advanced 3D printers that could easily replace the European counterparts just like how the Iranian made gas turbines can (and probably did already) replace the German Siemens ones.
Gold is very useful in trades like this.

This is part of the ongoing economic war that has been going on for a long time now.
The Big Shuffle part of it is actually interesting to watch. For example China reduces export to US while significantly increases it to elsewhere specially to Russia after they were sanctioned and the West stopped a lot of exports to Russia. On the other hand US is starting to import goods from elsewhere even though I wonder how much EU can replace China specially in this heavily competitive world where production cost (hence product prices) are heavily increasing in EU with expensive labor and energy.

You mean "money" not "fiat" because fiat is a currency as opposed to money that is a currency with fixed value. Which also means the two points you mentioned are contradictory concepts. Bitcoin can not be both money (fixed value) and an investment at the same time. It can be a store of value though which is what money is supposed to be.

Your confusion is because you think bitcoin is an investment but that was never the case. Bitcoin was created to be a currency that you use as a medium of exchange. That's the nature of bitcoin not an investment.

Not "replace" but only to offer an alternative solution.

So you have been on this forum ever since 2017 and have made 1338 posts and you think bitcoin price comes from blockchain? May I ask what have you been doing all this time and what have you been reading on this forum?

Most importantly if you don't even understand the price and the market how do you claim that 2023 is going to be bearish?!!

If you want to multiply private keys you are looking in the wrong place. Field elements are the x and y coordinates of the points on the curve so the arithmetic used there are mod P. If you want to multiply private keys (ie. multiplication mod N) then you should look at scalar class which has a multiply method.

You are not reacting to the facts I mentioned earlier which is why you didn't quote them. You are just venting out.

That's off topic since the recent riots had nothing to do with Hijab to begin with, specially with rioters in cities like Zahedan and Kurdistan who are the origin of the unrest and at the same time are quite radical when it comes to how women should dress!

That's funny because if you really believed that you would have never followed the Western media for news or worse the Saudi backed terrorist media.

You think BBC is telling you the truth? The same BBC that barely covers how British police over a year ago kidnapped, raped, murdered and finally burned the body of Sarah Everard before dumping it in a pond and at the same time has produced 170000 fake content involving an Iranian woman who died of natural causes because of a prior brain surgery about 60 days ago!

Actually every wallet or key took I've seen uses WIFs which is base58 encoding and they may show the hexadecimal format on top of that but not as the main encoding.

Gold is not used to circumvent sanctions, it is used to replace US dollar as the global currency. There are other alternatives including bitcoin that countries are using, the best example of replacements is Europeans buying energy from Russia using Ruble as the replacement for USD not to circumvent sanctions.

We aren't talking about two dudes in trench coats in a dark alley doing a shady trade lol. We are talking about countries with their government and central banks making an official trade. The authenticity, purity, etc. of the gold bars is ensured by that country and is tested by the other country.
The transportation of it is also pretty simple, you just send a plane and fill it with gold bars and bring it back home

Do you honestly think silly smartphones are the only thing that literary the biggest economy in the world has to offer?!!

Electric cars have always been mostly hype where they basically move the pollution from the consumer (car) to the producer (electric company) and so far it is damaging the environment more and it costs more too. In case of energy crisis like these days in EU there will be shortage of all kinds of energy sources from fossil fuel to electricity specially if a country itself does not have these resources already (have to import) and most of European countries are like this.

Bitcoin is a currency whether you accept it or not and it was never supposed to become the "world currency" it is supposed to be a global currency which it is.

Wrong. Governments regular the economy by setting rules and enforcing them not by printing money.

It depends on the country and the government. This is not a global issue.

It depends on what you mean by this. The monetary system everywhere has already failed and it is getting worse every day. Simply because it is centralized and has no cap on the amount of money they keep printing. For example US with the biggest national debt is the biggest money printer in the world.

But people only invest in bitcoin when they face inflation, which is the case in countries like El Salvador and "Central Africa Republic" that you mentioned. But if they face recession, they won't have any money to invest in bitcoin which is why we are seeing bitcoin price dropping since most of the world (namely US and EU) are facing both inflation and recession.

So in short if the monetary system fail leads to inflation alone we'll see more bitcoin investment but if it leads to recession we see less.