The number of coins awarded per block is based on the difficulty (for example: difficulty / 4)
This will cause high inflation when the value rises. That could work well, although I'd be concerned about what happens on the other side.
The number of coins awarded based on the difficulty does change as a factor of time (on a per block basis) to primarily take into account "Koomey's Law" where the number of computations per joule of energy dissipated has doubled approximately every 18 months.
That's a pretty big assumption. Hashes per joule has been fairly stable except during the transition from CPU to GPU. There is some improvement, but overall it will probably underperform that curve for a while, then leap ahead with the next technology jump.
Transaction fee: to put pressure on network security and creation of new coins, all transactions will carry a mandatory transaction fee of 0.25%, with a minimum of 0.05 coins and a maximum of 2.0 coins. These fees are destroyed.
How do destroyed fees promote security? Why do you need the fixed minimum and maximum?
Flat tax: If over a significant number of blocks, the block creation rate averages over 20 minutes (vs. the 10 minute goal), a 1% flat tax will be applied to all existing coins and difficulty will be reduced by 25%.
What are you trying to accomplish? A 1% tax on all wealth just causes all coins to increase in value by about 1%. The QUANTITY held in a wallet will change, but the VALUE in the wallet does not.
Coin bonus: For each new block of coins, every existing coin will gain a small amount of interest so that the total of all interest earned will be equal to the total amount of new coins created.
And in reverse: You haven't increased the value of anyone's wallet, just the quantity.
Merged mining: Merged mining with Bitcoin to promote initial interest. A clean break several hundred thousand blocks down the road.
In my opinion the cost of merged mining isn't worth the benefit.
Coin award multiplier: 2x, 1.75, 1.5, and 1.25 multipliers for the first X blocks to encourage early adoption.
Why not merge this with your "Koomey's Law" curve? Just make the initial curve extra-steep.
Heuristics: All clients agree that competing blocks will have priority weight based on number of transactions, average age of coins in transactions, and other factors.
I like the priority on transactions. I suggest making the priority of a new block (sum of chain's (difficulty * total value of transactions)) or (sum of chain's (difficulty * bitcoin days destroyed)). This will prevent 51% pools from DOSing the network.