Is this newly installed Bitcoin core in your machine?
Or do you have the old version installed on the same machine and upgraded it to the latest version?
Can you try to re-download and install the Bitcoin core but before you reinstall it make sure to make a backup copy of bitcoin data if it was already fully synced before or just move the whole bitcoin data to another folder then reinstall after.
I can't seem to find any other problem from your debug log except for this "ERROR: DeserializeFileDB: Failed to open file D:\Bitcoin\anchors.dat" but it shouldn't be the cause of the crash. There might be other reasons why it crashes from start up.
If it still doesn't work after reinstall try to uninstall bitcoin core make sure that you already have a backup of your bitcoin data to another folder. Now try to download the zip file version from this link below. And then extract the zip file and open the bin folder>bitcoin-qt.exe
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https://bitcoin.org/en/downloadIf everything works fine you can point your old backup data if you don't want to redownload again the whole block data.