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You had a bad timing with your transaction. The last 3 weeks the mempool was constantly empty. All my transactions I did with 1 Satoshi/Byte went right into the next block.
For some reason, yesterday morning the mempool filled instantly from one minute to the next from 500 pending transactions to over 30000 pending transactions (and also with quite high fees).
Today we are down at about 10000 pending transactions.
I'm not sure if this is another spam attack we already had a month ago, or what else is going on since yesterday.
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that indeed is the only current solution. it would cost billions upon billions of $.
i really hope satoshi nakamoto uses his 1m btc to make this idea a reality!
Why should Satoshi use his 1m btc to make this idea a reality? Why should anybody waste his money for this idea? What would be the result? Everybody on earth would own one coin of a new currency. This will not invalidate the old currencies. Rich people stay rich, poor people stay poor. I don't see any benefit for this. Or am I missing something? |
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After the spamming of the mempool stopped some weeks ago, the mempool is really empy. The following points are my thoughts about this: - I was checking if maybe the people switched from Bitcoin to Bitcoin Cash, but the situation for Bitcoin Cash looks even worse. With about a 10th of the transactions from Bitcoin this chain looks really unused
- People use Bitcoin mostly for store of value.
Only buying and hodling bitcoins does not create lot of transactions on the network. - People realize that Bitcoin at the moment is a bad choice for day to day transactions.
As long as the Bitcoin exchange rate is raising, you get more out of bitcoin to just hold instead of buying things with it.
Until we have a stable price in the long run and get any offchain solutions like lightning, I don't think this situation will change.
Actually I'm quite happy about the current situation. As the price is constantly raising (if you ignore the Chinese FUD), people are interested in Bitcoin, so I'm not worried that Bitcoin may become obsolete. What are your thoughts about this? |
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The mempool is really empty the last weeks. I don't send any transactions with more than 1 Sat/Byte. They got confirmed directly in the next block.
Just looking at the mempool right now shows me about 500 to 1000 pending transactions. All of them would fit into the next block. And I saw this picture at least in the last 2 weeks with about max 3000 TX pending.
I don't know how all those fee estimation algorithms work, but if you look just have a look at the current size of the mempool it gives you the best information if you need to put higher fees than 1 Sat/Byte or not.
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What about adding somewhere a window in the Bitcoin Core GUI what just renders a specific page from the bitcoin.org site?
It would be an easy way to bring news to people. If someone is interested in the news, they open this window, others who don't care about it, just don't open it.
Independent of this, I'm wondering how the alert system worked with demonized full nodes?
Were the alerts only shown in the logs or was there any other fancy mechanism to notify the user who runs the bitcoind in background?
I think, most full nodes in the network are just running in the background without gui (are there any statistics about this?). So how was the old alert system designed to reach them?
Taking me as example, I run a full node without GUI, and I never check the logs as long as my block height don't differ from the networks block height.
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If you have full node wallets installed, you usually can access them programmatically with the provided RPC commands.
If you only use light wallets without RPC interface, you could extract your addresses manually per wallet and then make a request to any of the blockchain info websites for the corresponding coin to check the current balance.
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Some corrections:
Address is a ripemod160 hash, so there are "only"
2^160 =
1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976
different addresses, that you need to check.
not the 2^256=
115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639936
You are right. Thanks for the correction. |
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I wrote an answer in another topic where someone tried to find private keys with balance on it. I did simple math to show that such a brute force attack on private keys is more or less useless. If I didn't made any mistake, this is what you can expect if you are able to check addresses with the current Bitcoin Hashrate. Current Hashrate: 7,935,318,596 GH/s Possible private Keys: 2^256 = 115792089237316000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 To try all possible keys with the speed of the current hashrate it would take you 14591990138226200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 seconds or 462708971912298000000000000000000000000000000000000 years. And by the way, the age of the universe is around 13000000000 years. So it would take 35592997839407500000000000000000000000000 times the age of the universe to check all addresses. As I saw a comment before, that this program is able to test unbelievable 2-3 keys/second.... well, good luck then  |
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just checked with nmap. Port 8333 is available, but nmap say it's filtered. PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
8333/tcp filtered unknown
So I'm not sure if it's possible to connect directly to this node. |
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You said, you want to learn to use it, so I don't think you are talking about programming in bitcoin core code. You should start very high level. I suggest something like this - Learn a Script language. Python would be a good start, as lot of Bitcoin RPC examples are written in Python
- Get a full node and learn to use the Bitcoin RPC with your selected Script language
- Write lot of Scripts where you read blocks/transactions and do some usefull stuff with it
- Maybe you should also learn how to use JSON API. With this knowledge you could maybe program your own trading bot for several exchanges
- With that you have the basics to write background applications. Then you could start learning web development
- At this point, if you understood and practiced all the previous points, you could theoretically program whatever service you can think of.
Maybe something like blockchain.info, a market which excepts bitcoin as payment, an own exchange or whatever you might find useful - If such services are not your thing and you really want to dig into core programming, you need to learn C/C++ and you also need to learn all those cryptography stuff used in Bitcoin in a more detailed level.
But here it starts to get really complex
I think, most people who want to program something in crypto, think about any web service. And for this it is not necessary to learn in detail about the deeper stuff, as the RPC functions you can use, do the most of this stuff for you. |
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There is already a delay between the miner who found a block and all other miners, who need to receive the block and validate it.
I think I read that it take about 10-20 seconds for other miners to receive and validate the new block.
So, the miner who find a block already have a small advantage over the other miners. If he artificially increase this time by waiting before broadcasting, he gains even more advantage.
This is also one reason why at the moment bigger blocks are refused by lot of people. Big blocks take longer to broadcast and to validate, which make it even worse for other miners.
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It's interesting to view it that way. I was actually thinking the opposite - that if the wealthy people own almost all the coins then it will become completely obsolete (simply because the coins aren't being used and because what drives something to rise in value is popularity, only a fraction of the world's population is elite wealthy). I would think we would go with another cryto far before that happened though.
I don't think that this situation will look different for other mainstream cryptos. All popular cryptos will attract rich people. It is likely that the distribution of all those cryptos will look like the same. |
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Nice. I always wanted to know the detail system of cryptocurrencies and now I know where to begin with. I want to know how the Bitcoin works and how it can be mined by people. What is block and why the rate of Bitcoin keep changing all the time. Why it is untraceable and secure the privacy. Many thanks sir.
Bitcoin is not untraceable. The opposite is true. It is highly traceable. But you will find out by yourself when studying Bitcoin. If you want more details regarding this, you could start searching for "Bitcoin Pseudonymous". There are ways to secure your privacy but you have to take care about it by yourself. You don't have it out of the box. |
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hallo!
erstmal danke fürs lesen und zeitnehmen.
hab beschlossen wie so mancher hier jetzt (doch endlich) mir bitcoins zuzulegen. hab mich ein wenig eingelesen und dennoch ein paar fragen:
1. wenn ich das richtig verstanden habe ist bei 21 mio bitcoins schluss und im Moment sind wir bei ca 16. wenn bei jeder tranaktion bitcoins generiert werden, und das
Interesse (wovon ich ausgehe) an bitcoins immer mehr wird, dann sind die 21 doch wahrscheinlich recht schnell erreicht (vielleicht kann mir jemand eine
Einschätzung geben wie lange das ca dauern wird). unteranderem beschäftigt mich die frage was dann ist. wenn keine neuen coins mehr generiert werden wer wird
dann die Transaktionen durchführen?
2. habe mich bei bitcoin.de registriert. jetzt habe ich gelesen dass das verifizieren eines kontos erst nach einem Umsatz von 2000€ stattfinden kann. hätte mir gerne so
ein fidor Konto (vielleicht kann mir jemand sagen ob das für mich als Österreicher sinnvoll ist) zugelegt um dann am expresshandel teilnehmen zu können (ich glaub das
ist schlau oder!?!). jetzt geht das aber scheinbar zumindest für die ersten 2 teusender nicht. hab ich mich da verlesen oder ist dem so?
3. Muss ich ein wallet haben oder kann ich die coins auch auf bitcoin.de liegen lassen (wahrscheinlich steelts euch alle die haare auf wenn ihr so eine frage lesen müsst)
4. die frage ob jetzt einsteigen gscheit ist, hab ich für mich bereits beantwortet und mit dem möchte ich euch nicht belästigen.
besten dank im voraus und gruß aus ö
- Es werden nicht bei jeder Transaktion neue Bitcoins generiert, sondern nur bei jedem neuen gefundenen Block.
Die Schwierigkeit um einen Block zu finden (minen) wird immer nachjustiert (nach 2016 gefundenen Blöcken), so dass im Durchschnitt alle 10 Minuten ein Block gefunden wird.
Alle 4 Jahre (genauer nach jeweils 210000 gefundenen Blöcken) wird die Belohnung für das Minen halbiert.
Zu beginn gabs für jeden Block eine Belohnung von 50 Bitcoin. Im November 2012 wurde das erste mal die Belohnung auf 25 halbiert, das zweite mal im Juli 2016 auf 12,5 halbiert.
Bei einer durchschnittlichen Blockzeit von 10 Minuten müsste die Blockbelohnung im Jahr 2140 auf Null gehen. Ab dann gibt es keine neuen Bitcoins mehr. Etwas weniger als 21 Mio. Bitcoins wurden erzeugt (21 Mio. werden nie erreicht).
Ab da gibts dann für die Miner nur mehr die Transaktionsgebühren als Belohnung für das generieren weiterer Blöcke.
- Es kommt drauf an, was du mit deinen Bitcoin machen willst. Wenn du sie nur kaufen und halten willst, kannst du auch andere Dienste in Anspruch nehmen.
In Österreich kannst du zum Beispiel auch über
https://www.bitpanda.com oder
https://coinfinity.co
Bitcoins kaufen und verkaufen
- Zwangsweise brauchen tust du kein Wallet (bei Coinfinity schon, die schicken die gekauften Coins direkt auf eine deiner Adressen).
Zu Empfehlen ist es aber, dass du die Bitcoins, die du nicht zum Zocken oder was auch immer brauchst, in einer lokalen Wallet liegen hast.
Die Idee hinter Bitcoin ist es, das jeder für sein Geld selbst verantwortlich ist und keiner Zentralen Stelle (Bank) vertraut werden muss. Wenn man mit seinen Bitcoins wieder in das alte Schema fällt, und diese jemand anderen verwalten lässt (Online Wallet / Börse etc.) verfehlt das irgendwie den Grundgedanken.
Auf Börsen sollte maximal die Anzahl an Bitcoins liegen, die man zum Handeln braucht. Dann kann auch nicht passieren, dass bei einem Hack der Plattform alle eigenen Bitcoins gestohlen werden können.
Verwaltet man seine Bitcoins aber selbst, ist man auch selbst für die Sicherheit verantwortlich. Verlierst du die Private Keys / Seed Passwort oder Passwort mit dem das Wallet verschlüsselt ist, dann sind die Bitcoins auch weg. In diesem Fall also schlau machen, wie man effektiv die eigenen Bitcoins sichert um Verlust zu vermeiden.
Ebenfalls Gruß aus Ö |
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Try to ping the address and use the IP address for the addnode. ping public.us-west.relay.mattcorallo.com
PING v4.rn-sea1.fibre.bitcoinrelaynetwork.org ( 107.191.119.43) 56(84) bytes of data. Port 8333 is open for this IP, so it looks like that a full node is listening there. |
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All the nodes that follow the same rules have the same blockchain. If different nodes follow different rules, they will have a different blockchain. Rules are things like "no double spend", "size of block", etc. I've got this. But how is new information sent to these nodes ? By the miners ? Transactions and new found blocks are broadcast by all the nodes to all the other connected nodes. The bitcoin network is a network with lot of peers (full nodes and some other types of light nodes). Each node is connected to a punch of other nodes, which are connected again to a punch of other nodes and so on. This mean that all nodes are somehow connected with each other. Whenever one miner finds a new block, he will use his own full node (each miner will run a full node, or at least use somebodys full node) to store the block in his one blockchain and send the new block to all peers which are connected to his full node. The job for the miner is done (fire and forget). All the nodes which received the block from the miner will validate the received block. If it fullfill all the requirements, they add the block also to their blockchain and send it again to all their connected peers. They again will validate the received block, add to blockchain and send further. After a short amount of time all the full nodes received the new block, each of them validateed it and added to their local blockchain. The result is, that the whole network (all full nodes) received the block from the miner, validated it, and stored into their own blockchain. The whole network of nodes then have the same locally stored blockchain. The game starts again whenever a miner find the next block. |
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Here is an analysis of the blockchain from July 2014 determining which bitcoins were provably unspendable at that time: In validating a UTXO parser I started looking at various outputs which are provably unspendable. As of block #305303 2,745.22283996 BTC have been provably lost. The total number of coins lost is higher potentially much higher but most of those losses can't be proven. Funds sent to outputs that can never be redeemed can be provably shown to be lost. Category NumOutputs AmountLost
-----------------------------------------
BugOpFalse 23 2,609.36304319
BugP2Pool 182 0.60280235
BugInvalidOpcode 14 0.04520008
BugInvalidPubKey 17,112 0.00242288
BugParseError 1 0.00040000
ZeroValue * 3,080 0.00000000
MissingFromUTXO ** --- 135.20897146
-----------------------------------------
Total 20,412 2,745.22283996 BTC * Zero value unprunable outputs are not invalid outputs but they are undesirable. I was surprised to see there are over three thousand in the UTXO. In the future the creation of new zero value outputs (with the exception of the prunable OP_RETURN) could be made invalid and potentially even these outputs pruned off by a hard fork. ** As of block 305,303 the coin supply is limited to 12,882,575 BTC. This is based on the max subsidy per block and the block height. However the UTXO (set of all unspent outputs) is only 12,882,439.79102854 BTC. Some of the difference may be due to OP_RETURN outputs (which are unspendable by protocol) having a value set. This could be accidental or intentional. Another source of lost coins is due to miners taking less than the maximum block reward which in effect "de-mines" an amount of coins equal to the difference between the allowed reward and the taken reward. Thanks for this list. I will dive into this different script types. |
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The only 100% proven destroyed coins are the one with OP_RETURN outputs.
Not sure how many BTC were destroyed in this way, but I remember an article saying, that there are about 4 BTC lost due to OP_RETURN outputs. Could be higher now, as it was an old article.
All other script outputs may be valid for someone to spend.
There is no way so far I know, to identify if any UTXO is never ever spendable in the future.
So I would not suggest to "steal" someone elses BTC.
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A fork is not an attack. It is a fork. Bitcoin does not care about forks, because they are not Bitcoin.
Hm - that's a bit too simple. We had e.g. a levelDB fork - so if majority follows this fork - this is still Bitcoin. This bugfix of the levelDB issue is a bad example as it has nothing todo with the bitcoin protocol. It fixes a bug of the Bitcoin Core client, not the bitcoin protocol. There are other implementations of the bitcoin protocol which do not use levelDB at all (eg bitcoinj or NBitcoin). A software fork/bugfix does not necessarily mean a bitcoin fork. Bitcoin only forks if there are changes in the bitcoin protocol and/or consensus rules. If some implementations of the protocol don't follow the new rules you would fork bitcoin into more than one coin in the worst case. An implementation specific bugfix unrelated to the bitcoin protocol/rules would never fork bitcoin. |
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