Hello guys,

Upcoming week I have my exam about bitcoins. You get 3 point, 1 by giving the right answer (true/false) and 1 legit argument. 3 point if you get the right answer (true/false) and 2 legit arguments.
Can you guys please help me with the questions?

1.In Bitcoin, your private key allows you to verify whether a transaction has been signed with the correct public key. (3 PTS)
2.The largest share of the Bitcoin miner’s income is generated via transaction fees. (3 PTS)
3.Blocks on the Ethereum blockchain contain fewer transactions than blocks on the Bitcoin blockchain. Therefore, Bitcoin can process more transactions per second. (3 PTS)
4.The monetary policy of Ethereum is more flexible than the monetary policy of Bitcoin. (3 PTS)
5.Sokolov (2021) demonstrates that Bitcoin enables ransomware attacks. (3 PTS)
6.The price for Ethereum Gas depends on the demand for transactions on the Ethereum blockchain. (3 PTS)
7.Gas denotes the amount of Ether which needs to be paid for a transaction. (3 PTS)
8.Fees for transactions to be recorded on the Ethereum blockchain solely depend on the computational effort to record a transaction on the Ethereum blockchain. (3 PTS)
9.Deploying a smart contract onto the Ethereum Blockchain does not require Gas. (3 PTS)
10.Easley, O’Hara, and Basu (2019) show that transaction fees increase whenever the (coinbase) reward for mining a block goes down. (3 PTs)
11.Bitcoin provides real anonymity to its users. (3 PTs)
12.A problem of proof-of-stake as a consensus mechanism is that nothing is really at stake. 3 (PTS)
13.Proof-of-work is more easily scalable than proof-of-stake. 3 (PTS)
14.The stablecoin DAI can be used to lever crypto investments. (3 PTS)
15.The stablecoin DAI can be used to hedge crypto investments. (3 PTS)
16.The stablecoin DAI is as risky as the US Dollar, which it is pegged to. (3 PTS)
17.Providers of liquidity in liquidity pools face impermanent loss when one asset in the liquidity pool appreciates in value. (2 PTS)
18.Decentralized, permissionless proof-of-work blockchains guarantee the immutability of their (governance) protocols. (4 PTS)
19.Decentralized, permissionless proof-of-stake blockchains guarantee the immutability of their (governance) protocols. (4 PTS)
20.Permissioned blockchains provide better protection against a “51% attack”. (3 PTS)
21.If you want to provide liquidity to a liquidity pool that swaps Ether into Tether, you need to add either Ether or Tether to the liquidity pool.
22.An automated market maker determines the exchange rate in liquidity pools by applying a constant sum function. (2 PTS)
23.Decentralized exchanges operating liquidity pools do not allow for arbitrage. (3 PTS)
24.The token BAT is a non-fungible token. (3 PTS)
25.The main purpose of the segregate witness upgrade was to increase the number of Bitcoin transactions that can be included in one block. (3 points)
26.The ASIC producer Bitmain will profit from Ethereum’s switch to proof-of-stake. (3 points)
27.TerraUSD was a crypto-collateralized stablecoin. (3 points)

Open questions:

1.Assume you own one coin of the cryptocurrency “Fork-a-lot”. At one point, there is a protocol update and some miners refuse to go along with the protocol update. As a consequence of the hard fork, these miners keep mining the old protocol which they call “Fork-a-lot Classic”. The majority of miners, however, upgrades and continues mining “Fork-a-lot”.
2.Which coin will you own after the hard fork? (2 PTs)
3.What are the four key innovations that Nakamoto integrated into Bitcoin? (4 PTS)
4.What are the three key questions that a distributed consensus mechanism needs to answer? What are Bitcoin’s answers to these questions? (6 PTs)
5.What is a mining pool? (2 PTS)
6.What is the economic rationale behind mining in a mining pool rather than mining on your own? (2 PTS)
7.Explain the impossibility triangle. (5 PTS)
8.Name and explain one recent layer-2 innovation that addresses the scalability problem associated with proof-of-work-based blockchains. 3 (PTS)
9.If I provide you with a SHA256-hash of my name, would it be in principle possible for you to verify whether the hash is indeed the output of my name? (2 PTS)
10.What is the purpose of Ethereum’s Beacon chain? (3 PTS)
11.A liquidity pool operated by an automated market maker contains 3000 Ether (ETH) and 9,000,000 Tether (USDT). You want to exchange 50,000 USDT into ETH. How many ETH can you take out of the pool? (3 PTS)
12.Follow-up to previous question: What is the exchange rate after the transaction (with USDT being the numeraire)? (2 PTS)
13.What are the main differences between Bitcoin and Ethereum? (6PTS)
14.Every 210,000 blocks the mining reward for mining Bitcoin gets reduced. By what percentage do mining rewards get reduced? (1 PT)
15.What is the difference between a staker and a validator in Ethereum 2.0? (2 PTS)
16.What is an ERC-20 token? (3 PTS)
17.Name and explain the two major concerns voiced about Tether. (6 PTS)
18.Filecoin is an open-source, public cryptocurrency and digital payment system intended to be a blockchain-based cooperative digital storage and data retrieval method. Filecoin is built by Protocol Labs and will be launched in the near future. Filecoin allows users to rent unused hard drive space. A blockchain mechanism is used to register the deals. Due to Filecoin's decentralized nature, it protects the integrity of data's location making it easily retrievable and hard to censor. It also allows people on their network to be their own custodians of the data that they store. Additionally, Filecoin also rewards the network nodes that mine and store data on their blockchain network. Filecoins have been sold to accredited investors. Is Filecoin a coin, a security token, or a utility token. Why? 2 (PTS)
18.Is Filecoin a security according to U.S. securities law? Why? (4PTS)
19.Name and explain three benefits of utility tokens (3 PTS)
20.How does Szabo (1986) define smart contracts? (2 PTS)
21.What is the difference between a hard fork and a soft fork? (2 PTS)
22.What are the two key innovations coming to the Ethereum blockchain with Ethereum 2.0? (4 PTS)
23.What is the role of oracles in smart contracts? Can you provide one example of an oracle used in a smart contract? (2 PTS)
24.You provide 10 Ether and 35,000 DAI to a liquidity pool. With this contribution to the liquidity pool, you provide 10% of the liquidity offered by the pool. One month later, the liquidity pool has earned 0.5 Ether in transaction fees and the price of Ether has increased by 150%. Assuming that your sharee of the liquidity pool stayed constant over the past month, what is your net profit (in Ether) from providing liquidity? (4 PTS)
25.Describe how the mechanism implemented in MakerDAO’s smart contract MakerVault allows crypto investors to leverage their crypto-investment. (4 PTS)
26.Describe how the mechanism implemented in MakerDAO’s smart contract MakerVault allows crypto investors to hedge their crypto-investment. (4 PTS)
27.According to Cong, Li, Wang (2021), what is the determinant of the value of utility tokens? What does this mean in laymen’s terms (i.e., in your own words)? (3 PTS)
28.Name three advantages of a security token offering relative to a traditional IPO? (3 PTS)
29.In a recent article, the Economist argues that regulators should treat Tether like a bank. Would you agree? (4 PTS)
30.Name and explain three reasons why regulators are worried about cryptocurrencies (3 PTS)
31.What is an ERC-20 token? (2 points)
32.What is an ERC-721 token? (2 points)
33.What is the purpose of the Howey-test? (1 point)
34.What does constitute a security according to the Howey test? (4 points)
35.Describe the evolutionary steps from Uniswap v1 to Uniswap v3 (3 points)

I will greatly be thankful if you guys help me out. Those are pool questions and will help me a lot to study.

Thanks in advance!