New Exchange — Qlink listed on Switcheo Exchange

Qlink (QLC) will be listed on Switcheo Exchange on 9th April, 6pm SGT (UTC+8), which will allow users to trade QLC with NEO, GAS and SWH instantly!

Qlink is a decentralised mobile network, dedicated to constructing an open-source virtue network infrastructure on blockchain.

About Qlink:
Qlink is the next generation mobile network powered by blockchain which enables everyone to participate in providing mobile network services and benefit from it. With an approaching era of enormous data consumption, the infrastructure which Qlink built serves to save massive cost for network access, billing system revamping and business transformation. Qlink’s first dApp features WiFi sharing, VPN marketplace, instant messaging and wallet functionalities is available on Google Play.

For more information on Qlink, visit the following links:
Web: https://qlink.mobi/
Telegram: https://t.me/qlinkmobile
Twitter: https://twitter.com/qlinkmobi
Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/Qlink/
GitHub: https://github.com/qlinkDev

About Switcheo:
Switcheo is a Decentralized Exchange (DEX) currently on the NEO platform. It allows for the trustless exchange of NEP-5 tokens and will expand to other cross-chain tokens in the future. Switcheo Network strongly focuses on user experience and aims to be cross-chain compatible as quickly as possible. Work on the Qtum blockchain has already begun.

Traders may use SWH as trading fee to enjoy a 90% discount on fees during our promotional period.

For more information on Switcheo, visit the following links:
Medium: https://switcheo.network
Twitter : @switcheonetwork
Reddit: /r/switcheo
Telegram: https://t.me/switcheo
News & Updates: https://t.me/switcheoANN

Qlink proud to bring the first dApp on NEO to Google play

We are excited to announce that WinQ dApp is available in Google Play now, which is one of the most important milestones the Qlink team have achieved! Let’s give a warm applause to Qlink R&D team! And we would like to thank all the Beta testers who have taken it upon themselves to wholeheartedly support our project. The success of WinQ dApp lies in each and every one of you!

!!!STILL TESTNET!!!

DO NOT send any QLC/NEO from your wallet on the main net to the WinQ in-app wallet! WinQ MVP Wallet only accept QLC/NEO is on the TESTNET! Please be reminded we will NOT be reliable for your loss in the process.

Have fun and make money with WinQ dApp powered by blockchain technology!

Google Play link: https://play.google.com/store/apps/developer?id=Qlink

How to use it? Watch the video here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwejyQ3akzA.


What’s new about the Gaming Feature

The new gaming feature — Crypto Monopoly introduces an asset ownership transfer mechanism. It allows users to claim the others’ registered network asset by paying a premium.

Users can claim the asset on WinQ list by paying the equal amount earnings that the current owner has made. Every asset owner has the chance to get the future sharing earnings through this gaming feature.


For those who just started to follow Qlink and WinQ

WinQ was bred in Github, upgraded for 12 times for the past three months before we are confident to move to Google play, to open for Beta Android users. WinQ dApp features WiFi and VPN registration as network assets on the blockchain and enables the peer-to-peer transmission.

The wallet embedded is a one-stop hub that supports instant QLC sending and receiving, QLC transfer and QLC top-up with NEO.

Your Testnet QLC earnings will be converted to real QLC once WinQ dApp runs on the mainnet!

WinQ dApp is currently deployed on the NEO TESTNET. Any transfer of QLC between testnet and mainnet may result in permanent loss. WinQ dApp will be available on the MAINNET in late April and final migration will be completed at the same time.

Don’t worry about QLC you earned in the TESTNET, since what you earn will be reflected on the mainnet! NO COST for registration, but what you earn is real! Your Testnet QLC earnings will be converted to real QLC once WinQ dApp runs on the mainnet.

Rules:

• ONE WinQ wallet for each user will be verified for QLC conversion rewards.
• The ceiling is 300 QLC for each user.
• The pool of QLC conversion will be shared by the first 200 WinQ users after the WinQ dApp launch on Google play.
• Claim your network assets and join us in the assets battle! Play with it now, QLC distribution is taking place very soon!

Qlink dApp WinQ adds gaming feature — Crypto Monopoly

The blockchain technology services as a public ledger is a natural marketplace for transparent trading. Qlink is taking the technology advantage and applies it on its established dApp WinQ, which provides decentralised network assets sharing solutions for everyone. Users can earn QLC by registering its WiFi in the app and offer the usage to others.

In the advent of the Qlink dApp launching itself on Google Play — targeting April 4th, we are excited to announce the new gaming feature which will be included — “Crypto Monopoly”.

Crypto WiFi is NOT a collectible game, as the asset you are registering and purchasing has the potential to make more money, from users’ QLC tips. This is an investment game for value increasement. Referring to playing Monopoly on Blockchain, the more awesome part is, if you don’t feel like to pay the “rent”, you can choose to acquire others’ property.


Here is how the idea designed:

During the WiFi registration process, one is required to put a number of deposit measured by QLC as the baseline value. One piece of WiFi asset on WinQ is evaluated as: Value = deposit + earnings. During the internal testing period of time, we noticed the possibility of user A wishing to register a WiFi which was previously registered by another user B. Whereas A is willing to put down more deposit at the same time compensate the earnings of B, this involves an asset ownership transfer, from where we came up with this idea of “Crypto Monopoly”.


The specific rules will be released later. However, I would recommend all of you to search for some profitable WiFi around your neighbourhood and be prepared to register or buy them as your own asset. Most importantly, get your Android device ready!

Qlink Partners with Binance to Support BNB in Qlink Ecosystem


[Singapore, 2 April, 2018] Qlink, the world’s first decentralised mobile network, has worked with Binance, the world’s leading cryptocurrency exchange, to incorporate BNB into the Qlink dApp. The partnership follows Qlink’s listing on Binance on March 26th, 2018.

Qlink debuted its first dApp featuring mobile network sharing such as WiFi and Wallet functionalities on Github in January. The dApp has gone through 11th upgrades and will be available on Google play in April. Qlink team announced to support BNB token as utility token in Qlink dApp. BNB is issued by Binance as a means of payment in the Binance platform and is currently among top 20 crypto currencies in market capitalization.

Qlink team is embracing BNB into ecosystem in a variety of ways. First of all, Qlink’s in-app wallet will support BNB and allow users to hold BNB.


Secondly, Qlink is to add the trading pair of BNB/QLC so that users can directly purchase QLC using BNB. Trading price provided by Binance platform will be used as reference price of token conversion initiated on Qlink dApp.


Thirdly, The dApp will also support BNB as a game token for WiFi ownership cybersquatting within the dApp, which allows users to purchase the ownership of a registered WiFi or VPN asset at higher value in either QLC or BNB.


The two teams agree to explore collaborations in other real use cases depending on dApp’s technical development. For example, Qlink dApp is to support BNB to top-up pre-paid mobile service. Also, a potential cross-chain solution between Binance Chain and QLC Chain is under discussion.

This partnership between Binance and Qlink helps BNB to circulate in an utility dApp and adds new use cases to the BNB ecosystem. The partnership could increase BNB adoption as the user base of Qlink grows. The close collaboration sets an example for the industry for strengthening both parties.

Qlink is aiming to build the best decentralized protocol for mobile network service, upon a public chain dedicated for network transmission, which will be completed by the end of 2018. Its first dApp supports users to register mobile network on blockchain as a digital asset, to share the usage with other users in a secure way, and to be rewarded by sharing. In other words, by adopting blockchain technology, Qlink dApp enables individuals and small businesses to provide WiFi access services.

“We are very excited about the partnership. Joining hands with Binance, we will provide cryptocurrency holders and traders the most secure and convenient network usage experience. There are increasingly more use case scenarios to be added on the dApp to enrich the industry.” Said Susan Zhou, COO and Co-founder of Qlink

“Qlink has a strong developer team and solid applications. The use case of secure network sharing has visible demand in the market, especially for users who pay more attention to information security and recognise the value of decentralization technology. Qlink is an ideal partner to further proliferate BNB utilization.” Said Changpeng Zhao, Founder and CEO of Binance.


About Qlink：

Qlink is a project supported by Qlink foundation, a Singapore registered non-profit organisation. It focused on building the best protocol for network transmissions powered by blockchain and providing decentralised communication services. QLC ecosystem is consist of QLC public Chain, Shannon consensus, dApps for mobile network which provide a variety of communication services.

Media Enquiry:

Toya Zhang

toya@qlink.mobi


About Binance:

Binance is a blockchain ecosystem comprised of Exchange, Labs, Launchpad, and Info. Binance Exchange is one of the fastest growing and most popular cryptocurrency exchanges in the world. Founded by a team of fintech and crypto experts — it is capable of processing more than 1.4 million orders per second, making it one of the fastest exchanges in the world. The platform focuses on security, robustness, and execution speed — attracting enthusiasts and professional traders alike.

Qlink dApp name revealed — introduce WinQ to all

After three months development and effort, Qlink dApp has released 11 versions in total. With our WiFi sharing, VPN sharing, Wallet and most recently Instant Messaging functionalities available, the date for getting our product on Android App Store is targeted to be April 3rd.

Qlink called for our product name to community members two weeks ago and received over 100 ideas. Thank you all again for your continuous support!

At last, WinQ was the chosen one, after countless rounds of discussion, interpretation. This was proposed by our member from Reddit whose ID is @RockyrobinH

Which interpretation you feel the most of?

• Short for Wireless and Link
• A Wink 😉 to connect Qlink
• Win QLC
• Others

Stay tuned for our brand new user interface which will incorporate the new name — WinQ. Now, a peek of our welcoming page. More to come.

Thank you for the kind words. The address is https://qlink.mobi/f/qlink

The necessity for receiving network users in a secure and rewarding way


Qlink dApp will have its global launch in the coming April, bringing a secure, convenient network access to everyone. With the city ambassador program running, Qlink developers is working days and nights to enhance different functions on user experience.

Let’s have a step back and see why do we need Qlink and how does it secure the asset

To evaluate a city’s competitiveness, one of the criterias is the level of connectivity, internet adoption, coverage, and speed. Public places, such as airports, stadiums, coffee shops, shopping malls, hotels and restaurants always have WiFi available, however users go through complex login process such having to enter passwords and provide personal informations in order to connect.

The reason is simple, from a security perspective WiFi owners/operators are concerned about sharing passwords.


In this business world, another question we have to ask is, why? Why individuals, businesses, public should exert effort to provide WiFi connection, at the same time, with awful experience. Individual users and small to medium businesses owners are paying pricey bills for network services however technically unable to make the best use of it. The WiFi network in their office area and living place are catering to the user’s needs 24/7. In other words, each resource could therefore be idle for more than 8 hours per day, which is an enormous waste.

Now Qlink can help to make the practical use of the assets while guaranteeing security of password transmission? In addition, an system that rewards to share their WiFi


Here is how it works:

• By registering WiFi ownership on blockchain, WiFi owners will be confirmed by the ownership of the WiFi and set up wallets to record all transactions.
• By registering WiFi ownership on blockchain, WiFi owners will be confirmed by the ownership of the WiFi and set up wallets to record all transactions.
• By activating the WiFi sharing functionality in the Qlink App, the WiFi password is transmitted to the WiFi user automatically Now the WiFi password is transmitted in a private and secure way. Without having to share your wifi passwords
• The tipping feature is implemented by smart contracts, which enables the in-app crypto payment and instant QLC token earnings to be transferred from users to sharers.
• Subscribers to unlimited data plans could register their personal hotspot as a wifi asset using the Qlink app. This unused mobile data can then be provided as resources for others to share. To share is to care!

Qlink dApp brings instant messaging alive — Version 1.1.1


With the date of our dApp available on android App store approaching, Qlink team speeds up the process of implementing different functionalities to improve the user experience. The Instant Messaging (IM) feature tends to facilitate connections between digital asset owners and users. When the owner is P2P online, users can start a chat by clicking the owner’s picture.

We believe this is an important step before the product’s commercial launch. The chatting functionality creates a peer-to-peer communication opportunity between the owners and users where there could be special requests, complaints, or just casual social considering both sides are pioneering in the adopting of decentralised App.

Your story of using the dApp is welcome! Tell us if you find this function helpful!

The new version also fixed other general bugs and improved performance improvements.

In addition, we called for renaming the dApp from our community members and received many brilliant ideas. Qlink team is very much appreciated for the supporters’ enthusiasm, at the mean time excited about the new name being adopted for global roll out.

Download the version 1.1.1 here: https://github.com/qlinkDev/qlink/releases

   
QLINK REWARDS BETA USERS


On the behalf of the Qlink team, I would like to thank all the members who have taken it upon themselves wholeheartedly to support our project. The success of Qlink lies in each and every one of you!

A big thank you to everyone who participated in our product testing, all the way from the very first version — Qlink Dapp V1.1.1. Your feedback, suggestions and effort helped us to grow at a faster pace than we could have ever hoped for. Your feedbacks and suggestions has been incorporated into the improvement of versions after versions and we exerted full effort in making the best of the contributions from each member.

To express our gratitude, the Qlink team has set aside a pool of QLC tokens to reward our beta testers who have given us constructive feedback and suggestions and who have consistently been with us throughout our product testing phase.

It is 1.1.0 dApp go time! We are bringing our 1.1.0 dApp in the android app store, right to your Android devices! Qlink team is proud of the progress and would like to introduce the product to a larger group of users. We crave for local ambassadors influencers like you to boost the Qlink asset registration number and user base in your cityneighbourhood. Submit the form via https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd7_nEYxvDXPJdK-DTnLr6Gtp8KoHCZLz0ixhUGuHzYS-BElg/viewform or feel free to drop us a line at dido@qink.mobi

Grasp the chance, talk your thoughts to us, let’s achieve “Qlink available everywhere” together! We are aiming to accumulate 100K users worldwide in the first 3 months of dAPP global launch!

We are eagerly looking for the our project enthusiasts all across global countries especially those base in Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Russia, South Korea,Turkey, Japan, US, Netherlands, UK, Australia, Germany to deeply engage in the pre-launch, global online rollout of the 1.1.0 dApp.

Do not miss the chance to work with the leading blockchain project and hop onto the stage facing your global audiences! We’ve got handsome rewards + incentive mechanism in store for you!


QLINK TEAM

We are a highly ‘distributed’ team with members scattered all over the world. Our core members are mostly based in Singapore, Hong Kong and China, with community engagement managers located in Central and Western Europe, US. With the prosperity of the project and the expansion of the team, we have been constantly incorporating new members thus gaining power from the community.


RESPONISIBILITIES

1. Build up and maintain location-bound community. You are in charge of taking forward the dApp user growth and development of your community within the city you reside in. We believe in the magic power of word-of-mouth and wish to create the person-to-person bonding via our city ambassador, you.

2. Expand the Qlink registered WiFi hotspots effectively and VPN server registered assets by engaging the community members. Proactively reach out to small business owners who could be targeted WiFi & VPN service provider. We have rewards in store for the most prominent ambassador who drives greatest growth in the Qlink registered assets.

3. Grow the dApp user base and retain the users via all possible online and offline activities, meetups, campaigns, programs, roadshows, ground promotion, remarketing tactics. Expand the adoption of dApp among individual customers and small business owners.

4. Actively engage in product test when an upgraded version available. Engage more local testers in the product testing and make valuable and constructive suggestions via the google form. Collect user case stories, let us know how did the product provide convenience, security and transparency to their network usage experience.

5. Work closely with the Qlink product and marketing team, as well as the other city ambassadors via daily communication, including but not limited to email, messaging, conference call, skype calls.

6. Provide local market insights to the team, make suggestions on dApp promotion strategies and possible marketing activities, campaigns, potential use cases to the team. We would like to see you more of a decision-maker rather than an executive.


WHAT WE ARE OFFERING

1. Adequate rewards and bountiful gifts to show our appreciation. Rewards could be distributed in QLC or any other acceptable payment.

2. High engagement in marketing and overall dApp promotion activities, your opinions and suggestions from the front-line will lie at the core of our strategies.

3. Prepare to be rearing to join us and deeply engage in our online/offline touring meetups, workshops, community gatherings and presenting together with us in the live streaming, we take pride in your being part of the team!

4. Full support from the team whenever you are running any dApp promotion relevant activities, we put 100% utmost trust in our ambassadors.

5. As an ambassador, you are the image, the eyes and mouth of Qlink in your territory, make the best out of it by attending meetings, conferences, meetups on behalf of the team and spread the words out. Take advantage of the unrivalled chances, get to know and the leading projects and pioneers, even iconic figures in the industry.


TIPS FOR INTERESTED PARTIES

1. We might have you dedicated to the job at the certain stages. This position could require persistent efforts and enthusiasm to constantly drive the all-round growth of the community and dApp users.

2. Qlink has established an evaluation system to keep the records of all city ambassadors. As KPI could tell the performance of our work, especially at an early stage of the dApp rollout. These key figures include but are not limited to Number of the Community members, number of the newly joined members, increase rate of the newly registered WiFi assets, increase rate of the newly registered VPN assets, percentage of the dApp users among the community members, bugs reported.

3. The city ambassador could be the assigned one person or a team of more than one. We consider this call for city ambassador as our primary step towards using localization for global reach, with an eye for massive coverage and our feet firmly on the ground, we look forward to involving you to set off on the voyage with us!

Qlink is honored to present Shannon Consensus


1. Project Background


1.1. Introduction of QLC Chain

The QLC Chain is a public blockchain specializing in providing decentralized mobile network service. It applies blockchain technology into the following areas:

• Network device registration
• Decentralized name resolution
• Decentralized billing
• Decentralized firewall
• Decentralized content search protocol

The QLC Chain will be a blockchain powered ecosystem focused on decentralized networks. The OS layer will be developed on a Linux kernel, which allows users to create virtual private network (VPN) and to contribute contents and routing capacity, security and network namespace management.

The QLC Chain contains the following network nodes:

• NAT Node: Network Address Translation Node
• Routing Node: Routing forwarding node based on content keyword/DHT/Router table
• Content Node: A node with saved content, which can provide contents based on retrieval request from other nodes within the network
• Security Node: Performs firewall function and enacts security domain access rule

1.2 QLC Architecture




2. QLC Chain and Shannon Concensus


2.1 Writing the White Paper in English

We will re-publish technical white paper about QLC Chain in English. In this version, we will develop a sound argument to prove the consensus, called Shannon Consensus, to simulate the efficiency and to cite the reference.


2.2 Proof of Shannon Consensus

QLC Chain defines the consensus mechanism based on the following considerations:

The mechanism takes one step further from POW and POS. We introduce a new stake coefficient that measures the marginal value of POS in unit number of POW[a]

Stake = token / (PoTa * log(1 + PoRe / POSp))

To entitle to bookkeep the ledger,(b) the result of nonce times stake has to be compliable (c)to

SHA3 (previous block hash, nonce, time stamp, Merkel tree root ) < nonce * stake


2.2.1 Economic thoughts behind Shannon Consensus

Traditionally speaking, POW and POS consensus both have inevitable drawbacks. POW is cursed with its concentration of hashrate distribution, while POS is the game for the rich (nodes with more tokens have more stake in consensus). Although both POW and POS acknowledge the issue of the concentration and take action to increase the cost of “being evil”, it is still possible that the consensus is compromised or manipulated by miner-alliance or large stake token holders and eventually discourage the fairness of the ecosystem.

Under POW and POS, ledgering power enables “rich people” to take extra profits. In contrast, we believe the key players should be the “middle-class” and the “poor” who are able to enhance the liquidity and dissemination of Cryptocurrency. However, getting charged the transaction fee in this process will not only evidence the Matthew Effect, but destroy fairness of the cryptocurrency ecosystem.

Similarly, DPOS and BFT, modified versions of POS, sacrifice decentralization by selecting a group of representatives to vote, which causes the likelihood of “voting manipulation”. Consequently, the effectiveness of the consensus is adversely affected due to the concentration of the interest group.


2.2.2 To fundamentally solve the issues above, QLC Chain makes the following improvements in the Shannon Consensus:

Separating the transmitting nodes from the ledger nodes(d)

There are active transmitting nodes and inactive transmitting nodes when data are transmitted. On average, 80% of transmission is usually completed by 20% of nodes. Shannon Consensus is separating the transmitting nodes from the ledger nodes in order to encourage more nodes, especially those inactive nodes, to participate.

Shannon Consensus actives inactive nodes, called “middle-class” in the ecosystem, by assigning them the bookkeeping right. Inactive nodes will be incentivized to do so with rewards.

“The rich” nodes will still be rewarded by taking the transmitting tasks. However, they are asked to share the reward with “middle-class” who manage the ledger(e). The secondary distribution enables a more reasonable profit sharing plan and creates a fairer ecosystem.

The transmitting nodes will provide transmission capability in the network. If the transmitting nodes don’t possess QLC tokens in the first place or if there is no transmission occurred, there will be nothing to be registered on the ledger, thus no ledger to be recorded. The token is the key instrument to allow nodes to play any role in QLC network.

The unique proof mechanism, called Proof of Transmission (POT) in Shannon Consensus, is based on the effective workload of transmission, . The “noise” during transmission will be excluded from workload calculation. POT is the cooperation between multiple nodes rather than single node’s contribution. In other words, compared with traditional POW and POS, where nodes produce work by working individually, the POT model used on the QLC Chain will rely on a group of nodes. Cooperative nodes. acting together will make the network more secured and trustful.

QLC Chain is thus far only applicable in Network Transmission.


2.2.3 Proving Safety and Persuasive Argument

We describe the following scenarios with the explanation our argument:

A number of nodes on the QLC Chain have a large amount of tokens but do very little workload. These “rich” nodes have higher probability to be selected as the bookkeepers. In the long run, however, they inevitably spend tokens in ongoing transmission tasks. That means, the bookkeeping power is gradually impaired when workload I and “wealth” are downsizing.

A number of nodes on the QLC Chain contribute intensive transmitting workload but have very few tokens. These nodes accumulate “wealth” by working hard and consequently become superior in bookkeeping power. This is fair and derived of the mechanism of market selection. We are not able to predict or prevent it.

A number of nodes work intensively to get token but later speculate tokens for profit. The likelihood of being able to bookkeep the ledger is falling when they have less and less tokens. The drawback of POW and POS in concentration of hashrate is avoided here because speculating nodes are not able to accumulate both the scale of digital/actual wealth and bookkeeping stake. “Monopoly” doesn’t occur.

A number of nodes grow up to occupy large ledger stake by completely purchasing tokens from the open market and taking very limited workload. This situation will be developed to “Nothing in Stake” problem eventually. We can prevent that by raising the price of toke to increase the malicious cost. Additionally, other nodes can disconnect with the malicious node to make its workload to zero so that the malicious node is not able to bookkeep the ledger anymore.

Under the inventive mechanism of Shannon Consensus, the distribution of token achieves mean reversion, which prevent token or hashrate from over-centralization. Additionally, a dynamic role conversion exists between token owner and workload contributor: nodes with large transmitting workload are rewarded by tokens and nodes with moderate workload will be converted to ledger nodes and still rewarded by token sharing. Neither Ledger nodes or transmitting nodes is incentivized to take the risk of arbitrage and act malicious.


2.2.4 Shannon Consensus and Monte Carlo Simulation from POW/POS Consensus

Theoretically, POW satisfies the following mathematical inequation:

SHA3(previous block hash, nonce, time stamp, Merkel tree root ) < target. (1)

According to Satoshi Nakamoto’s theory, the solution of the inequation indicates that nodes on Bitcoin has uniform distribution

P (X>x) = 1/x (x>0)

However, due to the feasible conversion between Bitcoin and legal currency and the widespread application of ASIC chips, hashrate is artificially centralized. The actual POW inequation in each node is:

SHA3(previous block hash, nonce, time stamp, Merkel tree root ) / N < target. (2)

where N is the coefficient of hashrate concentration in a given node. N is significantly correlated to miner’s economic strength. We believe N falls under Pareto Distribution:

. P(N > n)= (x/min(x))^(-k)

(X is any number > min (x), min (x) is the minimum positive number of x, k is a positive parameter

If we define N in the inequation (2) as the amount of token, we derive the following POS inequation:

SHA3(previous block hash, nonce, time stamp, Merkel tree root ) < target * N. (3)

Where N is the amount of token held by a given node

However, inequation (3) doesn’t comply with the Nakamoto’s original intention that one CPU one vote. The value of the right hand side of the inequation is changing during mining, which transform the solution from the uniform distribution to Pareto Distraction gradually. In order to maintain the solution in uniform distribution, we have to introduce a new coefficient on the left hand side of the inequation to neutralize the impact.

Based on our observation, the process of solving hash function is similar to a continuous process of producing entropy. The entropy synchronizes the accumulation with the concentration of hashrate.

H(E) = – Sigma(p(e)log(p(e))) (4)

We add entropy as a new coefficient to the right. In reality, the more the token held in POS, the more active the node for transmitting data. Simultaneously, the number of bytes transmitted follows Pareto Distribution and can be presented by Shannon formula:

SHA3(previous block hash, nonce, time stamp, Merkel tree root )*E / N < target. (5)

We modify (5) by placing the coefficient to the right:

SHA3(previous block hash, nonce, time stamp, Merkel tree root ) < target *N/E. (6)

where N is the number of token held and E is Shannon Coefficient

This is the Shannon Consensus.


FROM IDEA TO PROVEN TECHNOLOGY, WE CALL FOR HELP

We call for your help to validate the consensus

Required skills, experience level and expectations for qualified candidate:

Mathematics or physics background; able to validate Shannon Consensus and provide constructive improvement in safety, logic and supplement

Modeling on the Shannon Consensus, to simulate the result and understand the boundary of the consensus

Validate the economic model

Able to research, model and analyze IOTA DAG and Raiblock block lattice

English academic writing, good communication skills and cooperation with Asia team

At least stay full time for 6 months

If you’re not the expert we seek, we’d appreciate your recommendation. If you know someone who can potential help us, please get in touch with Qlink team at susan.zhou@qlink.mobi

Qlink is honored to present Shannon Consensus


1. Project Background


1.1. Introduction of QLC Chain

The QLC Chain is a public blockchain specializing in providing decentralized mobile network service. It applies blockchain technology into the following areas:

• Network device registration
• Decentralized name resolution
• Decentralized billing
• Decentralized firewall
• Decentralized content search protocol

The QLC Chain will be a blockchain powered ecosystem focused on decentralized networks. The OS layer will be developed on a Linux kernel, which allows users to create virtual private network (VPN) and to contribute contents and routing capacity, security and network namespace management.

The QLC Chain contains the following network nodes:

• NAT Node: Network Address Translation Node
• Routing Node: Routing forwarding node based on content keyword/DHT/Router table
• Content Node: A node with saved content, which can provide contents based on retrieval request from other nodes within the network
• Security Node: Performs firewall function and enacts security domain access rule

1.2 QLC Architecture




2. QLC Chain and Shannon Concensus


2.1 Writing the White Paper in English

We will re-publish technical white paper about QLC Chain in English. In this version, we will develop a sound argument to prove the consensus, called Shannon Consensus, to simulate the efficiency and to cite the reference.


2.2 Proof of Shannon Consensus

QLC Chain defines the consensus mechanism based on the following considerations:

The mechanism takes one step further from POW and POS. We introduce a new stake coefficient that measures the marginal value of POS in unit number of POW[a]

Stake = token / (PoTa * log(1 + PoRe / POSp))

To entitle to bookkeep the ledger,(b) the result of nonce times stake has to be compliable (c)to

SHA3 (previous block hash, nonce, time stamp, Merkel tree root ) < nonce * stake


2.2.1 Economic thoughts behind Shannon Consensus

Traditionally speaking, POW and POS consensus both have inevitable drawbacks. POW is cursed with its concentration of hashrate distribution, while POS is the game for the rich (nodes with more tokens have more stake in consensus). Although both POW and POS acknowledge the issue of the concentration and take action to increase the cost of “being evil”, it is still possible that the consensus is compromised or manipulated by miner-alliance or large stake token holders and eventually discourage the fairness of the ecosystem.

Under POW and POS, ledgering power enables “rich people” to take extra profits. In contrast, we believe the key players should be the “middle-class” and the “poor” who are able to enhance the liquidity and dissemination of Cryptocurrency. However, getting charged the transaction fee in this process will not only evidence the Matthew Effect, but destroy fairness of the cryptocurrency ecosystem.

Similarly, DPOS and BFT, modified versions of POS, sacrifice decentralization by selecting a group of representatives to vote, which causes the likelihood of “voting manipulation”. Consequently, the effectiveness of the consensus is adversely affected due to the concentration of the interest group.


2.2.2 To fundamentally solve the issues above, QLC Chain makes the following improvements in the Shannon Consensus:

Separating the transmitting nodes from the ledger nodes(d)

There are active transmitting nodes and inactive transmitting nodes when data are transmitted. On average, 80% of transmission is usually completed by 20% of nodes. Shannon Consensus is separating the transmitting nodes from the ledger nodes in order to encourage more nodes, especially those inactive nodes, to participate.

Shannon Consensus actives inactive nodes, called “middle-class” in the ecosystem, by assigning them the bookkeeping right. Inactive nodes will be incentivized to do so with rewards.

“The rich” nodes will still be rewarded by taking the transmitting tasks. However, they are asked to share the reward with “middle-class” who manage the ledger(e). The secondary distribution enables a more reasonable profit sharing plan and creates a fairer ecosystem.

The transmitting nodes will provide transmission capability in the network. If the transmitting nodes don’t possess QLC tokens in the first place or if there is no transmission occurred, there will be nothing to be registered on the ledger, thus no ledger to be recorded. The token is the key instrument to allow nodes to play any role in QLC network.

The unique proof mechanism, called Proof of Transmission (POT) in Shannon Consensus, is based on the effective workload of transmission, . The “noise” during transmission will be excluded from workload calculation. POT is the cooperation between multiple nodes rather than single node’s contribution. In other words, compared with traditional POW and POS, where nodes produce work by working individually, the POT model used on the QLC Chain will rely on a group of nodes. Cooperative nodes. acting together will make the network more secured and trustful.

QLC Chain is thus far only applicable in Network Transmission.


2.2.3 Proving Safety and Persuasive Argument

We describe the following scenarios with the explanation our argument:

A number of nodes on the QLC Chain have a large amount of tokens but do very little workload. These “rich” nodes have higher probability to be selected as the bookkeepers. In the long run, however, they inevitably spend tokens in ongoing transmission tasks. That means, the bookkeeping power is gradually impaired when workload I and “wealth” are downsizing.

A number of nodes on the QLC Chain contribute intensive transmitting workload but have very few tokens. These nodes accumulate “wealth” by working hard and consequently become superior in bookkeeping power. This is fair and derived of the mechanism of market selection. We are not able to predict or prevent it.

A number of nodes work intensively to get token but later speculate tokens for profit. The likelihood of being able to bookkeep the ledger is falling when they have less and less tokens. The drawback of POW and POS in concentration of hashrate is avoided here because speculating nodes are not able to accumulate both the scale of digital/actual wealth and bookkeeping stake. “Monopoly” doesn’t occur.

A number of nodes grow up to occupy large ledger stake by completely purchasing tokens from the open market and taking very limited workload. This situation will be developed to “Nothing in Stake” problem eventually. We can prevent that by raising the price of toke to increase the malicious cost. Additionally, other nodes can disconnect with the malicious node to make its workload to zero so that the malicious node is not able to bookkeep the ledger anymore.

Under the inventive mechanism of Shannon Consensus, the distribution of token achieves mean reversion, which prevent token or hashrate from over-centralization. Additionally, a dynamic role conversion exists between token owner and workload contributor: nodes with large transmitting workload are rewarded by tokens and nodes with moderate workload will be converted to ledger nodes and still rewarded by token sharing. Neither Ledger nodes or transmitting nodes is incentivized to take the risk of arbitrage and act malicious.


2.2.4 Shannon Consensus and Monte Carlo Simulation from POW/POS Consensus

Theoretically, POW satisfies the following mathematical inequation:

SHA3(previous block hash, nonce, time stamp, Merkel tree root ) < target. (1)

According to Satoshi Nakamoto’s theory, the solution of the inequation indicates that nodes on Bitcoin has uniform distribution

P (X>x) = 1/x (x>0)

However, due to the feasible conversion between Bitcoin and legal currency and the widespread application of ASIC chips, hashrate is artificially centralized. The actual POW inequation in each node is:

SHA3(previous block hash, nonce, time stamp, Merkel tree root ) / N < target. (2)

where N is the coefficient of hashrate concentration in a given node. N is significantly correlated to miner’s economic strength. We believe N falls under Pareto Distribution:

. P(N > n)= (x/min(x))^(-k)

(X is any number > min (x), min (x) is the minimum positive number of x, k is a positive parameter

If we define N in the inequation (2) as the amount of token, we derive the following POS inequation:

SHA3(previous block hash, nonce, time stamp, Merkel tree root ) < target * N. (3)

Where N is the amount of token held by a given node

However, inequation (3) doesn’t comply with the Nakamoto’s original intention that one CPU one vote. The value of the right hand side of the inequation is changing during mining, which transform the solution from the uniform distribution to Pareto Distraction gradually. In order to maintain the solution in uniform distribution, we have to introduce a new coefficient on the left hand side of the inequation to neutralize the impact.

Based on our observation, the process of solving hash function is similar to a continuous process of producing entropy. The entropy synchronizes the accumulation with the concentration of hashrate.

H(E) = – Sigma(p(e)log(p(e))) (4)

We add entropy as a new coefficient to the right. In reality, the more the token held in POS, the more active the node for transmitting data. Simultaneously, the number of bytes transmitted follows Pareto Distribution and can be presented by Shannon formula:

SHA3(previous block hash, nonce, time stamp, Merkel tree root )*E / N < target. (5)

We modify (5) by placing the coefficient to the right:

SHA3(previous block hash, nonce, time stamp, Merkel tree root ) < target *N/E. (6)

where N is the number of token held and E is Shannon Coefficient

This is the Shannon Consensus.


FROM IDEA TO PROVEN TECHNOLOGY, WE CALL FOR HELP

We call for your help to validate the consensus

Required skills, experience level and expectations for qualified candidate:

Mathematics or physics background; able to validate Shannon Consensus and provide constructive improvement in safety, logic and supplement

Modeling on the Shannon Consensus, to simulate the result and understand the boundary of the consensus

Validate the economic model

Able to research, model and analyze IOTA DAG and Raiblock block lattice

English academic writing, good communication skills and cooperation with Asia team

At least stay full time for 6 months

If you’re not the expert we seek, we’d appreciate your recommendation. If you know someone who can potential help us, please get in touch with Qlink team at susan.zhou@qlink.mobi