First there were CPU miners, meaning anyone who owns a computer had the ability to mine for bitcoins. Bitcoins could theoretically be mined by billions of people.
Then there were the GPU miners, and the pool of people who could affordably mine bitcoins shrunk from billions to millions.
Eventually some scientific computing FPGA designers will design custom hardware specifically tailored to mine bitcoins. No doubt this has already happened and will increase -- and these people aren't going to share their hardware design like the gamers did. The pool of people who can affordably participate in bitcoin mining has been reduced to thousands.
What does this mean for the security and long-term outlook of bitcoin?
Can bitcoin survive if the computational power keeps getting concentrated in the hands of elite experts with expensive educations and lots of capital?
How is this going to result in a secure and democratic currency?
How is it possible to avoid a single party or cartel from controlling 50% of the network when private crypto specialists are able to mine bitcoins with orders of magnitude less expense in comparison to the average Joe with a laptop who nevertheless wants to ensure the survival of an alternative, distributed currency?
Is bitcoin fundamentally flawed in the assumption that cryptographic power can be effectively distributed over the long term, rather than concentrated in the hands of a few specialists and their investors?