From a user's point-of-view I can see lots of disadvantages with multiple currencies and no real advantage.
There is a key advantage to multiple currencies which outweighs all and any disadvantages you see. Competition. Competition breeds efficiency and higher value for all.
There will always be plenty of different cryptos to play with. There can be no enforceable law that prevents new ones from being developed.
But I assume what you really mean is,
how many cryptos are likely to be widely used as money?Bitcoin is the market leader. It has momentum and acceptance inherited from being the first. Most of the altcoins are built on the same protocol and thus there is no real reason for the market to care about them. People may accept them but I doubt in any meaningful numbers.
As I understand it, an altcoin is essentially a new blockchain (identical in build to the Bitcoin blockchain) with plugins. They all use the same core kind of technology. The "plugins" just add new functionalities.
So perhaps Bitcoin will continue to be used as a currency/commodity until an altcoin with superior currency qualities appears. Other altcoins like Namecoin will be used for other purposes and may not be used as currency but as a different kind of property. An altcoin could be developed as a simple contract verification mechanism with no value as a currency per se. In which case the "coin" is redundant. Though I don't think this is necessarily true, as it could be that all cryptos preserve the qualities of currency.
So I think the most accurate answer to your question would be that it is not a matter of how many cryptos will exist, but rather how many separate cryptos are required to satisfy the number of desired use cases for the technology. Currency being just one use case. And the answer to that would be as many different cryptos as people can think of uses for them. How many crypto-currencies will occupy the same space? It will probably be a near zero-sum game with just one prevailing for each market/purpose and an untold number of others competing to out-do it in that space.