I had the same issue. For me the solution was as simple as wrong OS version.

If you're just trying to install first time or you have installed new OS. Make sure your running a 32-bit version of that OS. BFGMiner packages are available only as 32-bit version. But OS like Rasbi OS and Ubuntu are available 32 and 64-bit versions.

Fix is to either change the OS or make the 64-bit package. For me it was faster just to burn new 32-bit disk image and reinstall OS. 

Install instructions you find at bitshopper.de and futurebit.io (and pretty much everywhere else)all point to 32-bit version.

If you don't know what version you are currently running. You can easily check it:
Open console window -> type getconf LONG_BIT -> This will simply print 32 or 64 depending on your currently installed OS version.
Then in console window navigate to the folder/file where you have installed your BFGMiner -> in that folder type file bfgminer -> this will print out information about bfgminer file.

If the first command gives you "64" as printout and the second one starts out "bfgminer: ELF 32-bit LSB executable" There's your problem.