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1  Bitcoin / Mining / Re: Does it sound right? Estimating the hashrate of CPU likely used to Mine Genesis on: August 07, 2022, 11:20:06 PM
Thanks a lot n0nce.

I didn't know about the median timestamp. With that said though, and specially for the case of genesis block, would you consider those 2 factors to be almost insignificant knowing that satoshi mined genesis Block alone (no competing nodes)?

Note: Am new on here, is there a way I can move the topic to "Development & Technical Discussion" or shall I just delete and re-post?

One last thing, nonce-search tweaking/algorithm is one of the topics am very interested in, but couldn't find any  good enough sources to put some algorithms to test on a Mac just for fun. any recommendation?


I really appreciate the time you've taken and I learned something interesting today!   Wink


Interesting question!

A quick web search reveals that people in 2011 were doing 65kHash/s on a single thread. Disconnected from Bitcoin Core though; just a simple standalone C program doing SHA256 hashes. https://stackoverflow.com/a/4765401/3338129
It's very well possible that in 2008, hashrate was quite a bit lower, maybe 10kHash/s on similar hardware; of course, satoshi may have used a laptop giving lower numbers.

Your calculation does assume a bunch of things, though:
[1] The timestamps are 100% correct. Problem:
A timestamp is accepted as valid if it is greater than the median timestamp of previous 11 blocks, and less than the network-adjusted time + 2 hours. "Network-adjusted time" is the median of the timestamps returned by all nodes connected to you. As a result block timestamps are not exactly accurate, and they do not need to be. Block times are accurate only to within an hour or two.

[2] He started hashing with nonce=0 and incremented by 1. Problem: It's not required nor enforced to do it like that. You could also generate a random number every time or maybe after 1000 iterations and count up from there.

That being said, it was the very first version of Bitcoin Core and both assumptions may very well have held true back then. I'm just not 100% sure, since by today things are a lot different; timestamps are even used as a kind of 'extra nonce' and deliberately time-shifted.
Just make sure since you are doing this for a research paper, that your assumptions are indeed true.



PS: I'd recommend moving this to 'Development & Technical Discussion'. Even though the topic is about mining, this board mostly covers modern ASIC mining and is very much 'applied'. More academic and technical or theoretical aspects might be best answered in Development & Technical Discussion.
2  Bitcoin / Mining / Does it sound right? Estimating the hashrate of CPU likely used to Mine Genesis on: July 30, 2022, 09:51:50 PM

I am trying to estimate the cost of mining Genesis block for a research paper and wish to narrow down variables to the best i can. Here is how i got the ~8228 h/s hashrate.

1- I took the difference between the block-header epoch timestamp of Genesis and block#1 which turned out to be 506,360 seconds (i.e 5.86 days).

2- The nonce of Genesis Block is 2083236893 which means that satoshi proved the work on genesis block by performing 4,166,473,786 sha-256 hashing operations (2,083,236,893 nonce increments and "Double" sha 256 operations per nonce).

Hoping the math is correct, it means that the device used for mining Genesis block performed at 8228 h/s hashrate (4,166,473,786 hashing operations / 506,360 seconds) .

Is the above calculated hashrate close to the one you'd expect from CPU mining back in 2009? any notes on the math used here?
3  Bitcoin / Bitcoin Discussion / Re: Does Bitcoin have real value? on: July 08, 2022, 09:10:35 AM
The Labour Theory of value had been criticized simply because no two human laborers are equally productive.

In a digital economy where the labor is a machine doing a specific job ( a specialized labor) the labour theory starts to make sense. For example, a  mining machine would use x Joules of energy to produce y terrahashes. This diminishes variances between the skills of a machine and another if they are identical.

However; because economic markets are driven by competing forces, this competition shifts from finding the most skillful laborer, to finding the most cost-efficient factors of production such as lower cost/kwh, lower land rents for big mining operations, or even factors that optimize the efficiency of machines, such as cooling setups.

The shift of competition from labor skills to cost efficient factors of production results in a value derived from the  "total cost of production" , aka the natural price.
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