You are talking about centralized services, at least i know of ftx in that list. No member of the community who knows what they are doing would recommend that you store your funds in a centralized service. Electrum is different, it is open source and you run the software locally in your device, you can also verify your download and also verify everything locally if you run your own node, comparing Electrum with some failed centralized services makes zero sense.
I find it hard to understand you here, you cannot restore your wallet without the seed phrase, if you have the seed phrase to your wallet, you can always restore it. What stops people from stealing your funds is that it is not possible for them to get your seed phrase or keys, except you expose it, or you use your wallet in an online device and you get hacked and your keys stolen.
If you have the right seed and you have restored the wallet, but you cannot see your funds but a tx sending the funds out, then your funds has probably been sent out by an attacker, post the tx ID here. Some of what you say is hard to understand, it would be better if you can be much clearer, do you see a tx sending the funds to another address, a tx that was not made by you?

Those are already public data stored in every Bitcoin node's blockchain.
If it's possible, then all Bitcoins including those owned by everyone can be "recovered" with that method.

Here's some basic information about how Bitcoin works: learnmeabitcoin.com/beginners/keys_addresses
(you can also go further to "technical" tab to get a deeper understanding on the inner workings of Bitcoin)

Basically,
The data that the wallet needs to own funds is to have the necessary private key(s) to be able to unlock the locking script of those unspent transaction outputs.

As for the seed phrase, the master key that's derived from it (where the private keys are derived from) is computed in a one-way function (HMAC SHA512).
Then from the master private key, the wallet derives the private keys at specific derivation paths (check in each address info in the addresses tab).
By having the wrong seed phrase, the wallet will derive an entirely different master key that'll derive a different set of private keys to addresses.

Then using the info in the link above, you can see that it's not possible to get the private key from the address or public key since it's the very nature why Bitcoin is secure.
And lastly, the transaction's data doesn't contain anything that'll reveal the private key.

He said in first page that the restored wallet is empty.

Electrum is open source and you can review the code and verify how the keys were generated, if there was a vulnerability in Electrum, the community would know very quickly. Take note that when you use Electrum wallet, your keys and seed phrase is stored locally in your wallet file and encrypted with a password, if you use your device is an online and unsafe enviroment and lose your funds, it has nothing to do with Electrum, but your opsec. Electrum do not store users' keys or seed phrase.

There was a vulnerability that was exploited in Electrum in the past, but all of that has been patched, i believe that is what you are talking about. Being sour and trolling like you are doing now wouldn't help you recover your funds, it is better to learn about better security practices so that it won't happen again.

I don't know what exactly happened to your wallet, and it is normal when people lose funds because we cannot know how many means of possible attacks your device was exposed to. Take note that Electrum is a well reviewed and recommended wallet, but you also have to ensure you download the right Electrum, use it in a safe enviroment and store your backups safely, if you don't do that and lose your funds, it has nothing to do with Electrum. If you have other coins in different wallets, i believe now is the right time to start learning about opsec and how to keep your money in a very safe enviroment.

I don’t think this whole case of OP has actually anything to do with a restoration of a wrong wallet as we all are guessing, other members have even said he should present the old receiving address or check it using the explorer to check if there are funds actually there, although it would hamper his privacy but in cases like this you can later change your wallet. But OP keeps shying away from this and blames electrum. My biggest guess is the funds were moved to a different address and wallet, if at all the addresses of the wallet OP is get after restoration and the old addresses are the same. And if it is electrum that is not restoring the right wallet which I strongly doubt can ever happen then OP should confirm the details of that address on a block explorer. Although it is frustrating to lose one’s funds but you can’t blame a system that holds multiple of those funds for years with back door

Just my guess.

The wallet you have tried to restore   might be a 2FA type. If this is a case then restoring it just from SEED will result in getting  completely different addresses.

Thus, try  to restore  your wallet  by  selecting "Wallet with two-factor authentication" and check the result:

Can you tell us what instructions did you follow to recover your wallet?
If you are totally certain you didn't make any mistake while typing the seed and the wallet is fully synced (green dot) but there is nothing in the history tab then you, definitely, imported the wrong wallet.

Since you still have access to your old hdd and assuming your wallet file is not corrupted then all you have to do is to move it to your new device and use Electrum to open it. You will need its password.

If you still have your wallet on that HDD, you can simply copy the wallet file to your new computer.
To know your wallet file location, click here and visit electrum FAQ.

You can also export your seed phrase from the wallet and create a new wallet by importing that in your new computer.
To do so, you should click on "Wallet" at top of the window and select "Seed".

Passphrase is a combination of characters or words added to your seed phrase for extra security. If you extend your seed phrase with a passphrase, you will get completely different addresses and you will need that whenever you want to recover your wallet from seed phrase.
The passphrase is also called "13th word" or "custom words".

According to 2-b in your reply, it seems that you had no passphrase.

Likely you used passphrase or you use a wrong seed phrase.

If you can still have access your your old laptop, it would be better and do all possible means to recover your wallet through it and check your seed phrase there.

Let’s get back to where you restored the wallet, hope you did that correctly because electrum has two seed formats. Make sure you’re doing restoration right. You can as well follow this process here https://bitcoinelectrum.com/frequently-asked-questions/#why-does-restoring-my-wallet-from-seed-lead-to-a-different-wallet

Also if the previous seed had a passphrase and you forgot to add it then it might show an empty wallet.

If all this are ok then try the tips above by Omega

Start by first making sure that you're connected to Elcetrum's server and there's a green dot on the bottom right corner of the app, and then check your transaction history, can you see any funds being sent to addresses you cannot recognize?