Learning Bitcoin technical detail from whitepaper isn't best idea. I'd suggest to use easier learning resource such as https://learnmeabitcoin.com/technical/.


Owner 2 doesn't do anything on 2nd transaction. Owner 1 use hash of 1st transaction (1) and specify that he want to send Bitcoin to owner 2 (2).


Actually 2nd transaction means owner 1 send Bitcoin to owner 2.


IIRC it actually means anyone can use owner's 1 public key to verify whether owner's 1 signature is valid or not.


1. You need to use raw image link such as https://i.ibb.co/6rkP4Pk/Sans-titre.png (not https://ibb.co/Xjqszsq).
2. If you use img tag as newbie, this forum simply show the image url.

First question yes when a big amount or volume of bitcoin is sent to an exchange it is mostly for sale because no one actually keeps a large amount of bitcoin on an exchange, so it is a direct sell off and could affect the market depending on the number of sellers and the volume or amount of bitcoin.

When large funds are withdrawn from exchanges it is mostly bought and transferring them to a personal wallet signals a sign to investors that the movers are looking to hold for long and many will react to this depending again on the volume bought

Institutions announcing there sale or buys are just trying to cause FOMO in the market by making it public nothing much the price doesn’t do a significant change on this

This is not entirely correct as congestion on the mempool doesn’t trigger the price, the bitcoin network is compromising of other tokens too like BRC20 tokens which we have seen that there movement has actually caused a congestion on the mempool, so this doesn’t have any effect on bitcoin entirely but did congested the mempool. Another example is when a bitcoin is moved there is no guarantee that it is sold it could be transferred from a wallet to an exchange or vice verse which still keeps the supply and the demand; which are the two things that actually trigger a change of bitcoin price.


No this doesn’t increase the the Market price to a significant degree, more volume is needed to be moved which could at least trigger a reaction from the community before we see a market price change, example is a move of thousands or probably millions of bitcoin by many whales or miners to somewhere like exchange will cause a market shift to bearish as there will be fear of losing out, a reverse case to somewhere like wallet will cause a market raise due to FOMO

What kind of transaction are you taking about here? Withdrawing over a few hundred thousand dollars from a crypto exchange won't even be enough to shake the market in both positive and negative aspects.
 
And just sending a few dollars as well from your private wallet to an exchange wallet can't also be able to affect the market price.

The only time I think a trade or transaction will be able to affect the market price is if miners decide to offload some of their reserve, which could amount to thousands of bitcoin being placed for sale in the market, at which point pulling off such a large amount from a single exchange will be enough to cause a negative impact on the market.

Well transactions on the Bitcoin network affects the price of Bitcoin minimally. Significant changes in Bitcoin price can be as a result of conjestions on the mempool.
Most times price is also influenced by adoption rate and hodling rate. If all whales should suddenly sell most of their Bitcoins, the price of Bitcoin will definitely go down. And the more people hodl it becomes scarce and thus the price increases. Many other factors like halving and ordinals can also affect Bitcoin price.