I would say something that enables people to actually earn Bitcoin. Outside of mining, there's not a lot of ways for ordinary people to earn Bitcoins. I think this is what stands in the way of mass adoption. I would also say applications that overlay Bitcoin to simplify it, Bitcoin makes saving cool again but there needs to be easier ways people can save their fiat money using Bitcoin.

There's just a couple of examples I can think of.

Yes of course. If a government of an entire sovereign nation feels threatened by Bitcoin doesn't that just reaffirm its power and value? There's huge political potential with Bitcoin, what would happen if a small African country wanted to start selling oil for Bitcoin?