The introduction of technology is hampered by many factors. The main thing is the inertia of market players, the lack of a legislative framework and the need to reach consensus among many participants. The lack of a legislative framework leads to uncertainty in many issues. In order for the technology to become credible, it must meet the standards (state, for example). No standards - no match.

  In addition, the situation is complicated by the fact that existing prototypes of decisions on blockade are still difficult for the understanding of the mass business-consumer. Therefore, the only successful Blockchain -service remains cryptocurrency.

  The success of Cryptocurrency excite people's minds, forcing them to believe in a similar effect from the introduction of technology and in real business. In practice, it also has to solve a lot of additional tasks that were relevant for the anonymous market Cryptocurrency - assessment and risk insurance, legally secured rules of the system, security guarantees, user identification, reporting to the regulator, etc.

  Today, a business interested in the practical application of technology is asked about the investment and what exactly may be needed when implementing the Blockchain project in the corporate sector. In this case, there is no unambiguous answer. The order of numbers depends to a great extent on the scope; complexity of business logic that you need to create for a specific project; number of integration with third-party services; used storage infrastructure; the number of roles and users in the system, etc. Also, the company will need a staff security officer who will lead the project, even if the entire system construction will be assumed by a specialized blockhead developer. The average cost of building an accounting system for an enterprise can be estimated at tens and hundreds of thousands of dollars. However, such figures are relevant to the development of traditional systems.

[1. Bonds]

Forecasts for bitcoin in 2018 are rather ambiguous. On one hand, some analysts predict gloomy future due to the current unstable situation.
  On the other hand, optimists predict bitcoin a rapid increase in quotations, which must exceed its maximum threshold next year in the history of the existence of cryptology.
  Although Bitcoin is still in a state of uncertainty. So many of you were wondering what to invest. Therefore, I had the idea to write a several alternatives for investing.
1. Bonds
A good alternative to deposits is bonds. The plus of this instrument is the absence of taxation. And from the same deposits, the tax on income of natural persons in the amount of 18%. But the percentage is different in different countries.
2.Gold
Investments in precious metals should be considered with a sight for 3-5 years.
Silver and gold are traditionally considered to be a long-term instrument to protect you against inflation. They are also interesting because, in 2018, the growth of the cost of precious metals can reach 10-20% in the world. And this gives the possibility of additional income. Therefore, you can invest up to 20% of savings, for example, invest monety / ingots or look at the so-called gold deposits.
3.Real estate
To invest in real estate is required neatly. You can choose an attractive option for a long time in the secondary market as well.True, it must be remembered that investment in real estate pays off for a long time - 10-20 years. And in the case of force majeure, housing will not be sold quickly .
4.Bitcoin: Interesting, but risky
In cryptology you need to invest carefully.The market is speculative, can sharply grow and fall. In 2017, bitcoin cost about 19,000 dollars, now - about 8 thousand dollars. Intraday fluctuations of the Crypto-currency may be 25%. You need to have iron nerves to withstand the jumps, because you can lose everything.At the same time, how much will Bitkoin cost at the end of 2018, it is unknown, because all bold forecasts have come true. But one should not think that cryptography is a costly investment.

Therefore, the choice is up to you as always.

  Сегодня биткоины представляет современную цифровую валюту. Многие магазины по всему миру принимают ее как один из вариантов оплаты. Удобство и простота этой валюты привлекают к себе все больше людей из стран, которые развиваются. Однако отношение государств к биткоины очень разный. Ситуация варьируется от явного поощрения прямых запретов и ограничений. В частности, в Германии установлен правовой устав биткоины -частных денег и разрешен безналичный расчет в данной криптовалюте на территории. В Хорватии, по мнению Национального банка, криптовалюта может легально использоваться в стране, но не может считаться законным платежным средством. В Японии идет разработка норм налогообложения на операции и изучения крипто- валюты на основе биткоины. В Таиланде, запрещены все операции с криптой за исключением их обмена на национальную валюту. В Китае запрещены любые операции с криптой для банковских учреждений и их работников, для обычных граждан запрета нет. США - криптовалюту, рассматривают как имущество и подчиняют соответствующем налогообложению. Парламентом Швейцарии принято считать крипту иностранной. В Сингапуре все операции с криптовалюта регулируются и отслеживаются государством. В Болгарии все операции с криптой облагаются налогом по ставке 10%. По заявлению Банка России, операции являются спекулятивными из-за отсутствия обеспечения и юридически обязанных субъектов операций с криптой. Но прямого запрета на использование нет.

  И так прочитав много статей в интернете можно выделить следующие основные преимущества и недостатки

Преимущества
1.   Анонимность, которая является главной причиной, по которой многие страны не решаются принять BTC как легитимный финансовый инструмент, ведь система может использоваться для отмывания денег и незаконных операций купли-продажи
2.   Открытый код алгоритма позволяет добывать ее каждому желающему
3.   Невозможность необоснованного роста денежной массы путем установления фиксированной величины BTC алгоритмическим способом, так виртуальная валюта не подвержена риску инфляции
4.   Это децентрализованная валюта, не имеющая законом определенного эмиссионного центра, поэтому валютный курс не может быть никем продиктован и устанавливается в соответствии с условиями и факторов влияния на него со стороны рынка собственно этой валюты
5.   BTC не привязан ни к одной из имеющихся валют, обеспечен исключительно спросом на него
6.   Возможность использования нецелого «числа» монет, ведь денежная единица делится на восьми- десяти- тысячного знака
7.   С помощью BTC происходит купля-продажа товаров, услуг, осуществляется выплата дивидендов
8.   Защищенность: ее нельзя скопировать
9.   Быстрый, дешевый и простой способ осуществления платежей с одной части мира в другую. Bitcoin может быть использован как более дешевое средство
10.   Новые возможности в сфере микроплатежей. Напри- мер, становится технически возможным направить адресату 0,00001 руб.
11.   С применением криптовалюта очень удобно собирать и отправлять пожертвования, а также организовывать благотворительные фонды
12.   Возможность выбора степени участия. У пользователя есть возможность или отслеживать все транзакции, происходящие в системе, или просто оплачивать мелкие покупки

Недостатки
1.   Техническая сложность использования. Работать с валютами можно только там, где их принимают и для этого техническая возможность (Интернет, две установленные компьютерные программы, специалисты)
2.   Ненадежный объект для инвестирования из-за больших и внезапные колебания курса
3.   Возможность развертывания спекулятивных и мошеннических операций через создание финансовой пирамиды, получение процентов от игры на разницах валютных биржах
4.   Правовая неурегулированность, что делает невозможным налогообложения операций. Как «продукт» компьютерного программирования виртуальные BTC, LTC и др. не имеют какого-либо правового статуса
5.   Криптовалюта открывает новые возможности и инструменты для функционирования черных рынков
6.   Новые возможности и инструменты для ухода от налогов благодаря децентрализованности системы
7.   Появляется потенциальная возможность осуществлять преступниками анонимные транзакции
8.   Новые схемы отмывания денег
9.   Невозможность заморозки счетов, ввиду отсутствия контроля над системой третьими лицами, в том числе и государством
10.   Невозможность остановки или отмены транзакцій
11.   В связи с ограниченностью монет все деньги через некоторое время станут «грязными»
12.   Высокие риски, превращают Bitcoin в крайне неустойчивое с экономической точки зрения актив

  Итак биткоины - как электронная денежная система хорошо себя зарекомендовала. Ни одна денежная система не может показать такой же высокий уровень рентабельности и автономности, как биткоины. Данная система совершенствуется с огромной скоростью в отличие от своих «родственников». Очень непредсказуемый курс легко компенсируется другими положительными качествами системы. Что касается плюсов для пользователей, то, конечно же, следует отметить очень низкие комиссии. К тому же скорость передачи и надежность проведения купли-продажи очень сильно привлекает интерес различных фирм. Однако проблема безопасности очень сильно перекрывает все те положительные качества, которыми обладает биткоины. Никто, и даже государство, не может гарантировать безопасность и сохранность активов в электронной валюте: слишком много опытных и опасных хакеров в сети, которые могут легко украсть честно заработанные деньги для своих корыстных целей. Итак, недоверие к криптовалюта со стороны государств будет продолжать расти еще очень долгое время.

Основная статья написана собственноручно, немного текста (22%) взято отсюда: http://statref.ru/ref_jgeatypolpolotr.html

In my opinion, there are many factors for development, but the main ones are this
Low level of trust to:
1) state regulation bodies
2) traditional financial intermediaries

  After the abandonment of the "gold standard", the value of a monetary unit began to be formed more to the trust of the current management of the country (or to a separate legal or physical person, if it is "private money"). The domestic value of such a currency partially began to create the population, paying taxes in this currency, thus "filling" the value of a paper bill, and losing its own accumulation, when the "objects of trust" made incorrect decisions. This statement is also valid for the board of directors of financial institutions, which, having a certain level of customer confidence, receive financial resources for management.

  Instead, the value of cryptography (with the exception of the laws of demand and offers) is created by the complexity of the release algorithm and is supported by the transparency of the calculations

  Today, the financial world is determined by the ratio to the innovative product - cryptic currency or virtual money. Governments and central banks of different countries have absolutely opposing views on the application of these innovations. Some scholars consider virtual money, or cybercrime, as a crime, while others are progress. Some of them are radical and criminalize the distribution and use of virtual currencies, taking into account the potential of their use, both "money-laundering" and terrorist financing; others - emphasize the inevitability of their development and distribution.

  With the concept of cryptography, many people are commonly identified with Bitkoin, the first and most famous of them, although the exchanges already rotate over 600 different crypto currencies. Since bitcoin cryptographic emissions are limited, and eventually they become more resource-intensive, there are proposals to equate it with "digital gold."

  The existence of any artificial system is connected with the presence of the need for actions, products or services, the satisfaction of which is ensured by its work. The emergence and functioning of cryptographic goods can be considered as an alternative to the existing system of payments or as an additional component, and this is due to the emergence of demand for the community to meet the needs: the provision of payments; payment rates; protection against counterfeiting of the settlement unit; the possibility of making settlements without the participation of an intermediary (third party, of course, the bank); the independence of the internal cost of a settlement from political decisions, etc.

  In order to meet this demand, Satoshi Nakamoto developed the Bitcoin Cryptographic protocol, which developed open source software. By the way, the first protocols on the use of "electronic cash" were proposed in 1983 by D. Chaum and S. Brands. The success of Bitcoin, the availability of the protocol and the open source code contributed to the rapid increase in the number of cryptographic people and those interested in their existence. Meanwhile, cryptography did not have a single definition and a well-defined attitude towards the expediency of their existence in scientific circles, practitioners' circles and market regulators. However, the absence of precedents, legal status and stability of the internal value of the settlement unit - cryptography, did not prevent the further development of this market, and the investment of billions of dollars in the development of this system. This phenomenon causes a number of interesting questions:
1) what became the driving force in the wave of "cryptography" of calculations and the creation of a new ecosystem?
2) what are its participants, and which ensures its existence?
3) what influence can it have on the modern economy?
4) who will benefit from the functioning of the cryptographic market, and who will be outsiders?

  First and foremost, these and many other issues concern governments, central banks and tax administrations.

  By looking at the factors behind the emergence of crypto, the supporters of these innovative financial instruments can be divided into two groups. The first group relates their emergence with the crisis of public finances, with the decrease in the usefulness of administrative decisions of power for citizens, which also manifests itself in price and exchange rate instability. From this position, citizens want and seek to get rid of "sick" currency and keep their values and investments in a more reliable form. And if the necessary alternative is not present, the society sooner or later creates it. The second group sees the motives for creating an analogue of "ordinary money" in needs that could not satisfy banks and other financial institutions, as well as the outdated financial organizations themselves and the loss of trust in them as specialists in their business.

  Taking into account the above mentioned conditions and the historical way of developing the means of payment (from the exchange of goods - barter, to the use of cashless forms of payments, plastic cards and electronic money), it can be assumed that the appearance and use of cryptographic based on technology blockchains is a logical next step in the development of interchange relationships.

  Trent J. McDonald, Darcy Alain, and Jason Pots in their work conclude that there are two main views on the economy of blockchains:
1) the consideration of the economy of acceptance and diffusion of blockchains as a new powerful information technology;
2) the consideration of not the technology itself, but its management, economic justification of this type of technology as a new institutional economy, with emphasis on disengagement and decentralization.

  In the light of banking activities, both financial intermediation and first-look, "the same market process is expected as we see with other technologies: some banks will adapt and prosper, while others will fall behind and collapse. Their success will depend on their strategic choices and the use of this new technology as the driving force of productivity and competitive efficiency. " According to another view, "in the world of blockchains, the functions and operations of banking activities may not change, but its economic organization can change significantly"; the development of blockchains has replaced the boundary between hierarchical banking organizations and non-territorial, spontaneously organized and self-organized economies - it is anticipated that banking will be carried out in more developed and dynamically effective governance institutions. Thus, with the advent of new technology, the question "what institution best manages financial transactions: markets, firms or blockchains?", And the further development of the financial and banking sector depends on the solution of this issue.

  Thus, the market for cryptography is a system that unites all the elements that provide the release (issue) of cryptography and their circulation according to the laws of demand and supply between the participants in this market. This market is at the stage of formation, its formation continues: there are new elements, transformed or dying existing, improved rules of conduct of market participants.

How much Satoshi does 1 Bitcoin contain?

If you ever were a little interested in the subject of crypto and Bitcoin, you have probably heard the interesting Japanese word "satoshi". Presumably, Satoshi is the name of the very founder of the Bitcoin, whose personality is shrouded in numerous legends, and Satoshi is a fractional bits of Bitcoin, named in his honor.

What is Satoshi?

This is one hundred-millionth Bitcoin or 0.00000001 BTC. The smallest and indivisible unit of Bitcoin, like 1 cent from a dollar.

Let's take a look at Bitcoins for components to learn more about what parts it consists of. Below is a table of the ratio of Satoshi to Bitcoin:

So, we see that 1 Bitcoin is 100 million of Satoshi. You can buy or send any amount to Satoshi, which is a very convenient option when calculating.
Since the Bitcoin rate is highly prone to leaps, in order to clearly understand the ratio of Satoshi to the dollar, let us give you an example: If 1 Bitcoin will cost 40 000 $ at the same exchange rate, 1 Satoshi is $ 0.00040 in dollars, and 10,000 Satoshi is $ 4.

Who is Satoshi Nakamoto, his personality and history?

Satoshi Nakamoto is considered to be the creator of the Bitcoin crypto currency. Satoshi along with like-minded people from an unknown company wrote the first parts of the code, which were subsequently used in 2009 to create digital currencies in general and Bitcoin in particular. He is supposedly 40 years old and lives in Japan. There is a possibility that this information is not true: Satoshi writes in English as a native, and Bitcoin software does not have documentation in Japanese and is not localized for Japan.
The identity of Nakamoto is unsettled to this day: it is not known whether this person exists in reality, whether this is a real name, or perhaps this is a pseudonym behind which a team of dozens of people is hiding. Most likely, Nakamoto headed a group of programmers who still oversee the Bitcoin project, allowing the network to exist and evolve.

According to open sources, Satoshi Nakamoto promoted his invention to the masses. In 2008, the world first learned what a crypto currency is. It was in this year that Satoshi Nakamoto published his article explaining the principle of the work of blockchane and Bitcoin as a "completely decentralized system of electronic money, working without the intervention of third parties."
In the middle of 2010, something that does not lend itself to logic happened. Nakamoto leaves the project, and Bitcoin passes into the hands of an unknown group of programmers, led by Gavin Andersen. Sometime later, the media finds Satoshi Nakamoto's house and interviews him. Then the author completely abandons his invention and says he does not pretend to be any rights. Although bitcoin.org is wholly owned by the aforementioned American programmer, the identity of all participants in the Bitcoin project is completely unknown and kept in secret. The authorship of Bitcoin is also often attributed to the Australian Craig Wright; however, he was unable to provide proper evidence that would confirm his authorship.
 
Recently, one of the users of the Bitcoin network said that Satoshi Nakamoto is a multi-billionaire. That conclusion comes from some fans of the inventor. They did approximate estimates of the financial status of the Japanese - one million Bitcoins. This amount he earned in the early stages of network development, when the complexity of mining was minimal. In conversion into real currencies, one million Bitcoins is just a colossal amount that grows every day.
Journalists have made many attempts to find out if Satoshi Nakamoto really exists, or there is a group of people behind this name. To date, no one has ever been able to find out the truth.

How to earn Satoshi

There are many ways to earn Satoshi today, let's highlight the main ones:
•   Mining or extraction of Bitcoins. Satoshi can be extracted using special equipment (the so-called "bitcoin farm"), or by resorting to cloud-based mining, where you do not need to collect your farm, or you can rent specialized resources;
•   Satoshi cranes - a way to earn additional Satoshi on viewing commercials, filling in surveys, etc. .;
•   Games, stock exchanges, etc. will also help to earn a bit of Satoshi.
Of course, the easiest and most convenient way to get Satoshi is to acquire them. This option is great for advanced investors in Bitcoin. Learn more about this and other ways to get and multiply Satoshi in other of our materials.