[Consensus Execution Contracts OverviewBasic Concept of Consensus Execution Contracts]

Consensus Execution Contracts Overview

Basic Concept of Consensus Execution Contracts

A consensus execution contract is also known as the smart contract in the blockchain industry. However, VDS team found the term too marketing-oriented, since so far we have not figured not how smart the contract programming technology is, it is just a consensus preset program formed through code editing in a decentralized distributed network. In the practical spirit of scientific exploration, we believe it is more appropriate to rename smart contracts to consensus execution contracts, which reflect the essence of this decentralized consensus agreement, and also remove the barriers to understanding the term when human beings combine blockchain technology with Artificial Intelligence Technology in the future.

Consensus execution contracts can be applied to a wide range of industries, such as finance, education, administrative systems, the Internet of things, and online entertainment. By means of pre-editing code in a specific distributed network, a script is implemented without any third-party intervention to reach the consensus of all parties involved in the protocol through blockchain technology. It can guarantee the safe, stable and fair execution of the rights and interests of all contracts participants.
 
Consensus execution contracts have accelerated the landing of various applications for the development of blockchain industry, and inspired more developers’ active participation. It has revolutionized the actual product experience of blockchain technology. All credits stem from the outstanding contribution of the Ethereum team, which has opened a new door for the entire industry.



Basic Structure and Integration Points

EVM Integration

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) adopts 256-bit machine code. It is a stack-based virtual machined used to execute Ethereum’s consensus execution contracts. Since EVM is designed for the Ethereum system, the Ethereum Account Model is used for value transmission. VDS chain is designed based on the Bitcoin UTXO model. On the one hand, it is to realize the resonance trade function of VDS, aka the one-way cross-chain exchange function of Bitcoin to VDS, where two different Bitcoin and VDS addresses can be generated with the same set of private key. On the other hand, VDS team believes the underlying transaction structure of Bitcoin is more stable and reliable after 10 years of social practice. Therefore, VDS uses the Account Abstraction Layer to convert the UTXO model into an account model that can be executed by the EVM. In addition, VDS added an interface based on the account model, so that EVM can read information directly on the VDS chain. It should be noted that the account abstraction layer can hide the deployment details of certain specific functions and establish a division of concerns for enhancing interoperability and platform independence.

In the Bitcoin system, only after the verification of the Script Sig and Script Pub Key can the corresponding transaction output be spent.
 
For example, Script Sig usually locks a transaction output to a Bitcoin address (public key hash). Only when the setting conditions of Script Sig and Script Pub Key match will the combined script display the result as true (system return value 1), so that the corresponding transaction output will be spent.

We value the timeliness of the execution in the distributed system of VDS and therefore added OP_CREATE and OP_CALL operators to the Script Sig. When VDS system detects the operator, the nodes of the entire network will execute the transaction. In this way, the role of Bitcoin script is more about sending relevant data to EVM than just being a coding language. Just as Ethereum runs consensus execution contracts, EVM changes the states of contracts triggered by OP_CREATE and OP_CALL operators in their respective state databases.

Considering the easy use of the consensus execution contracts on the VDS chain, it is necessary to verify the data that triggers the contracts and the public-key hash of the data source.
 
To prevent UTXO from taking up too much of the VDS chain, the transaction outputs of OP_CREATE and OP_CALL are also designed as consumable, and the output of OP_CALL can send funds for other contracts or public key hash addresses.

First, for the consensus execution contracts created on the VDS chain, the system generates a transaction hash for the contract call. The newly issued contract has an initial balance of 0 (contracts with non-zero initial balances are not supported). VDS uses OP_CALL operator to create the transaction output so as to send money. The output script of the contract sending fund is similar to:
    1: the version of the VM
    10000: gas limit for the transaction
    100: gas price in Qtum satoshis
    0xF012: data to send to the contract (usually using the solidity ABI)
    0x1452b22265803b201ac1f8bb25840cb70afe3303:
    ripemd-160 hash of the contract txid OP_CALL

This script is not complicated, and OP_CALL does most of the required work. VDS defines the specific transaction cost (not considering out-of-gas) as the Output Value, which is Gas Limit. The specific Gas mechanism will be discussed in subsequent chapters. When the above output script is added to the blockchain, the output establishes a corresponding relationship with the contract’s account and is reflected in the contract’s balance. The balance can be interpreted as the sum of available contract costs.

The standard public-key hash output is used for the basic flow of contract transactions, and the flow of transactions between contracts is generally consistent. In addition, transactions can also be made through P2SH and non-standard transactions. When the current contract needs to be traded with another contract or public-key hash address, the output available in the contract account will be consumed. This consumed part of the output is used for transaction verification in the VDS network, which has to exist. We call it the Expected Contract Transactions. Since the Expected Contract Transactions occur while the miners instead of users validating and executing the transactions, it will not be broadcasted over the entire network.

The main principle of the Expected Contract Transactions is achieved through OP_SPEND code. OP_CREATE and OP_CALL have two modes of operation and are executed by EVM when the operator acts as an output script. When the operator acts as an input script, EVM will not be executed (otherwise it will cause repeated execution), in which case OP_CREATE and OP_CALL will be treated as instruction-free operations. OP_CREATE and OP_CALL receive transaction hash passed by OP_SPEND and return 1 or 0 (spendable or un-spendable). This shows the importance of OP_SPEND in the entire Expected Contract Transactions. Specifically, when OP_SPEND passes transaction hash to OP_CREATE and OP_CALL, OP_CREATE and OP_CALL will compare whether this hash exists in the list of Expected Contract Transactions. If it exists, return 1 to spend; otherwise return 0, meaning un-spendable. This logic indirectly provides a complete and safe way to ensure the contract funds be used only by the contract, in accordance with the output of common UTXO transactions.

When the EVM contracts send funds to the public-key hash address or another contract, a new transaction will be established. Using the Consensus-critical coin picking algorithm, the most suitable transaction output will be selected from the available output pool of the contracts. The selected transaction output will be used as the input script to execute a single OP_SPEND, the output is the target address of the funds, and the remaining funds will be sent back to the contracts while changing the output available for consumption. Then, this transaction hash will be added to the Expected Contract Transactions list. The transaction will be added to the block immediately after it is executed. When the miners on the chain have verified and executed this transaction, the Expected Contract Transactions list will be traversed again. The hash will get deleted from the list after verification correct. In this way, using OP_SPEND can effectively prevent the use of hard-coded hash to change the cost of the output.  

The VDS account abstraction layer allows EVM to make money transactions with other contracts and even public-key hash addresses without paying too much attention to coin-picking, just knowing the balance in the contracts. In this way, only a few modifications to the ethereum consensus execution contracts are needed to meet the VDS contracts operation requirements.

In other words, the consensus execution contracts running on the Ethereum chain can also be applied to VDS chain.

Completion of AAL

VDS chain is designed based on Bitcoin UTXO model. The common consensus execution contracts platforms use the account model. Since the contracts as an entity requires a network identifier, which is the address of the contracts, so the operation and management of consensus execution contracts can be conducted through this address. Account Abstraction Layer (AAL) is added to the VDS chain model design, which is used to convert the UTXO model into an account model that can be executed by the contract.

The account model for the virtual machine is relatively simple for developers of consensus execution contracts. It supports the query of contracts balance and can also send money for other contracts. Although these operations seem very simple and basic, all transactions in the VDS chain use the Bitcoin scripting language, and it is more complicated than expected to be realized in the account abstraction layer of VDS chain based on Bitcoin UTXO model. Therefore, AAL has expanded on this basis and added three new operators:

OP_CREATE is used to perform the creation of smart contracts, pass the bytecode transferred by the transaction to the contract storage database of the virtual machine, and generate a contract account.

OP_CALL is used to transfer the relevant data and address info needed for contract call, and to execute the contract code (this operator can also send money for consensus execution contracts)

OP_SPEND takes the hash of the current contract ID as the input transaction HASH, or the transaction HASH sent to the contract’s UTXO, and then uses OP_SPEND as a spending instruction to build a transaction script.


Contract Use and On-chain Process

Contracts Writing

It is currently possible to use Solidity language to write consensus execution contracts.
Use solidity remix or other Solidity IDE for code writing and compilation.
solidity remix（https://remix.ethereum.org/）
It is recommended to use homestead mode to compile.
It is recommended to use solidity version 0.4.24 (Other versions may result in errors or failures).
Solidity reference (https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en)
Bytecode and ABI will be obtained after compilation.



Compile and Deploy Contracts

The operation of vdsd smart contracts
Test environment run variables
vdsd -txindex=1 -logevents=1 -record-log-opcodes=1 -regtest=1
>Contract testing is performed in the test environment. It is recommended to test after 440th block height.
Refund and Revert of abnormal contract events are completed at 440th block height



Deploy contracts commands are:
```vds-cli deploycontract bytecode ABI parameters```
- bytecode (string, required) contract bytecode.
- ABI  (string, required) ABI String must be JSON formatted.
- parameters (string, required) a JSON array of parameters.


This function is used for the execution of the contract’s constructor with incoming parameters to obtain the ByteCode that is ultimately used for deployment.
(This method is to associate bytecode with ABI and store it locally for recording, where the internal method can be called to return relevant bytecode)


```vds-cli createcontract bytecode (gaslimit gasprice senderaddress broadcast)```
- bytecode (string, required) contract bytecode.
- gaslimit (numeric or string, optional) gasLimit, default is DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT, recommended value is 250000.
- gasprice (numeric or string, optional) gasprice, default is DEFAULT_GAS_PRICE, recommended value is 0.00000040.
- senderaddress (string, optional) The vds address that will be used to create the contract.
- broadcast (bool, optional, default=true) Whether to broadcast the transaction or not.
- changeToSender (bool, optional, default=true) Return the change to the sender.


Return: txid, sender, sender’s hash160, contract address


Check if the command is executed:
```vds-cli gettransactionreceipt txid```

The return value of txid for non-contract transactions is empty


Return: the relevant information of txid on the chain this time


* -   BlockHash: Block Hash
* -   blockNumber: Block Height
* -   transactionHash: transaction hash
* -   transactionIndex: location identifier of the transaction block
* -   hash160 from sender’s address
* -   to the contract address of the recipient, the contract transaction is created at
00000000000000000000000000000
* -   cumulativeGasUsed: Cumulative use of Gas
* -   gasUsed: the actual use of Gas
* -   contractAddress: contract address
* -   excepted: if there’s any error
* -   exceptedMessage: error message


It should be noted that if the excepted field is not None, the contract execution fails. Although transactions are checkable on the chain, it does not indicate a successful contract execution, that is to say, the handling fee for execution will not be returned. It is only refundable when the internal contracts enter into revert method, not assert method.


Contracts Call
```vds-cli addcontract name contractaddress ABI decription```
- name (string required) contract name.
- contractaddress (string required) contract address.
- ABI (string, required) ABI String must be JSON formatted.
- description (string, optional) The description to this contract.

This function is used to add the contracts ABI to the local database.

```vds-cli getcontractinfo contractaddress```
- contractaddress (string required) contract address.


This function gets information about the contracts that have been added.

```vds-cli callcontractfunc contractaddress function parameters```
- contractaddress (string, required) The contract address that will receive the funds and data.
- function (string, required) The contract function.
- parameters (string, required) a JSON array of parameters.


This function will return the execution result when calling the normal constant method, calling contract data operation method will return the hexadecimal format string of the operation script.

```vds-cli sendtocontract contractaddress data (amount gaslimit gasprice senderaddress broadcast)```
- contractaddress (string, required) The contract address that will receive the funds and data.
- datahex         (string, required) data to send.
- amount          (numeric or string, optional) The amount in " + CURRENCY_UNIT + " to send. eg 0.1, default: 0
- gaslimit (numeric or string, optional) gasLimit, default is DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT, recommended value is 250000.
- gasprice (numeric or string, optional) gasprice, default is DEFAULT_GAS_PRICE, recommended value is 0.00000040.
- senderaddress (string, optional) The vds address that will be used to create the contract.
- broadcast (bool, optional, default=true) Whether to broadcast the transaction or not.
- changeToSender (bool, optional, default=true) Return the change to the sender.


This function is used to send the contract operation script to the specified contract and make it recorded on the blockchain.


Check contract execution results
```vds-cli gettransaction txid```

This command is used to view the confirmation times of the current wallet transactions.

```vds-cli gettransactionreceipt txid```

This command is used to check the execution results of contract creation and transaction call, see whether there are exceptions thrown and the actual GAS consumed.


`${datadir}/vmExecLogs.json` will record contract calls on the blockchain. This file will serve as the external interface for contract events.


Contract Call Interfaces

*    Create contract interface: createcontract
*    Deploy contract interface: deploycontract
*    Add ABI interface: addcontract
*    Contract call with fund operation interface: sendtocontract
*    Read contract interface: callcontractfunc
*    Acquire contract transaction execution interface: gettransactionreceipt



Contract Operating Costs

The running costs of creating contracts are estimations, there’s no guarantee of 100% execution success because gas limit has a usage limit of 50,000,000, and contracts exceeding this limit will cause failure. Change is adopted on the VDS chain, that is to say, even if you send lots of gas, the miners will not use them all, they will return the remaining part. So, don’t worry about spending too much gas.


The general cost of creating contracts takes Byte Code size multiplied by 300 as gas limit, minimum gas price is 0.0000004, gas price multiplied by gas limit is the cost of creating contracts.

As for the implementation of certain contract, the required gas is an estimation, which cannot guarantee a 100% success to make it on the chain due to network congestion. To avoid misleading, developers should verify the results by yourselves.

[About External Contract Call]

From a certain perspective, the essence of smart contracts is bytecode. It is through these bytecodes that functions such as logical jumps, calculations, and storage are realized. Taking the creation of the 3rd-generation VDS group as an example, the compiled bytecode is 42,697 bytes, which does not include the initial settings such as group name, group rules, and group announcements. The most expensive part of the cost is to create contracts (GasPrice multiplied by GasLimit is the effective part of the cost, as in the Ethereum network)

These 42,697 bytes contain logic, calculations, and data types of the 3rd-generation VDS group, which cannot be further reduced. Excluding network fluctuations, it will consume 5,600,000*0.0000004=2.24 Vollar to make the data on-chain. Additional data such as group name, group rules, and group announcements should also be converted into code and calculated. That is to say, in order to ensure the successful execution of contracts, you have to pay a sufficient amount of Gas to support its consumption process.

0.0000004 Vollar is set as the lower limit of GasPrice while the rest is adjustable according to GasLimit. There’s also a cap on GasLimit, which means we cannot add so much content into the smart contracts and execute them. Infinite loops such as the Mobius Strip can never be executed in the smart contracts since it has exceeded the upper limit of 50,000,000 Vollar.

The amount of Gas required to execute a smart contract also varies, depending on how the smart contract is executed, its complexity, and the amount of data to be modified and stored. Even if we adopt minimal execution (aka “Empty Function”), it would cost 21,000 GasLimit, converted to a handling fee of 0.0000004*21,000=0.0084 Vollar. The creation of OTC contracts costs 260,000*0.0000004 = 1.04 Vollar, execution costs 45,000*0.0000004=0.018 Vollar. The cost accuracy of OTC contracts is around 0.001 Vollar.

It should be noted that we cannot simply use a unified method to calculate the value of bytecode, but should take into consideration the logic complexity of calculation and the influence of special cases such as network fluctuations.

About External Contract Call

The current group interfaces include setting group name, group announcement, group rules, group entry fee, trading mode (trading pair, which can be modified by group admin and not affect the actual transaction. Like an agreement), whether you need admin approval to enter the group, admin rejects group application, admin removes group members, bulk permission of group entry, increasing the upper limit of group members, individual application for group entry, individual application cancel, group member leaves the group, additional margin from the admin, admin withdraw group deposit.

A contract fee is required for all of the above-mentioned interfaces while some of the query type don’t.

Take setting the group name as an example. Name the group “Me*100”, record this operation as “A”. The generated code size is 841 bytes, and the Gas cost is 271,338 (Gas is the calculation method of cost, which is specially used to calculate the cost of contracts. The minimum unit of Vollar is shatoshi, 0.000004 represents 40 shatoshi, 271,338 meaning 271,338 units of 40 shatoshi are spent. The handling fee is 271,338*0. 0000004=0.1085352 Vollar.


On the basis of A, change the group name to “Me” and record this operation as “B”. The size of the generated code is 201 bytes and the Gas cost 41,915, handling fee 41,915*0.0000004 = 0.0016766 Vollar.

On the basis of B, rename the group as “Me” and record operation as C. Gas cost is 33,260, handling fee 33,260*0.0000004 = 0.0013304 Vollar.

It can be concluded that handling fee would become higher if there’s a large variation in content; handling fee becomes lower if there’s no big difference.

Conclusion

The principle of VDS smart contracts is the same as that of Ethereum. Ethereum cannot guarantee as well the accurate cost of each executed contract. Both VDS and ETH adopt prior estimation, which is usually higher than the actual cost.

The current cost of group creation is around 2 Vollar. To further downsizing it requires removing certain interfaces that change single storage only, such as removing multiplexing interfaces like group name settings, group rule and group announcements for optimization. The creation of OTC contracts can hardly be optimized. What can be optimized is the interface of contract calls such as confirming receipts, which can be accurately calculated at a cost of about 0.02 Vollar per time.

In 2019, Mr. Cotten, the founder of Canadian exchange Quadriga suddenly died of illness while travelling in India. With most of the exchange’s digital assets in his cold wallet, a total value of $137 million crypto was “permanently sealed”. There’s a lot more to the story. Investigation shows that Mr. Cotton transferred all his digital currencies into the accounts of rival exchanges before his “death”, and has made transaction successively ever since. Homicide or natural death, only a few people would know. Regardless of the facts, the biggest losses are borne by people who use Quadriga. With centralized exchanges, our property security will always be controlled by others.


As the disadvantages of the centralized exchanges gradually reveal, people are now in desperate need of a decentralized channel to guarantee their property safety without any involvement of third-party institutions. The decentralized ecology of VDS solves all problems. VDS is the world’s first completely decentralized ecology of future currency. Through the built-in decentralized OTC function, it has established a barrier-free channel for the exchange of cryptocurrency into fiat currency, making transactions happen under decentralized conditions. In VDS, each participant is capable of establishing his own OTC exchange through the distributed and anonymous secret chat group. VDS relies on smart contracts to guarantee asset security of both parties in the transaction and help buyers and sellers to complete transaction in an efficient way, while avoiding the large concentration of assets in centralized platforms. In this way, horrible stories like users losing all their chips due to the “death” of founders will not repeat themselves.


In addition to using technology to avoid the concentration of assets in the hands of centralized institutions, the decentralized OTC function in VDS groups can also build a wall of defense to protect user privacy. As we all know, the biggest drawback of a centralized institution is the risk of violating users’ privacy. Since VDS itself is a “private Internet”, it does not have a central server for data storage, only to provide data transmission through numerous super master nodes on the VDS chain. OTC group owner, buyers and sellers are all protected for their privacy and able to conduct transaction anonymously. It is increasingly difficult for us to believe the promises of centralized institutions. Instead, we should use technology to safeguard personal privacy. VDS is a perfect transaction channel to protect users’ privacy.


In the highly decentralized and free financial model of VDS ecosystem, all rules and technologies are designed to achieve a common goal, to safeguard privacy and realize freedom of wealth.


Everyone can start their own distributed OTC trading groups here, meanwhile, those who want to trade assets can pick up any OTC group according to the needs. In this decentralized transaction model, the privacy of users is respected and wealth is commanded by ourselves without the intervention of third-party institutions.

There’s no other phenomenal Dapp except for Cryptokitties until now. The active user for most Dapp is no more than 2,000. What’s the reason for such a bleak situation? The main problem is the lack of effective marketing and publicity. In the case of the popular apps that we commonly use, they make advertisement on various online media platforms at launch. Regardless of whether the downloads increase or not, they make themselves known for starters. However, most Dapps do not have such promotion process, coupled with the fact that Dapp relies on the underlying technology of the blockchain, it is difficult for users to get started without industry background.

In VDS, we can not only develop Dapp, more importantly, VDS ecology is very conducive to the development of Dapp itself with its own publicity function and accurate user targeting mode, which refers to the completely decentralized ad-bidding system-VAD. An advertising spot is updated every 60 blocks, and a total of 24 spots are available for bidding. A successful bidding of VAD is transmitted to every VDS wallet through the distributed anonymous network, which is the equivalent to the bidder inserting promotional card directly into each investor’s wallet. The participants of VDS are crypto players with blockchain background knowledge, so there’s no resistance for Dapp to target users through VAD.

Advertising effect is not only about the accurate delivery; the ad needs to be seen by more people and then achieve user conversion. First off, the Trust Stamp System in VDS provides large user groups. Secondly, the Trust Stamp System relies on blochchain technology to build a multi-level network, each VID gets corresponding income and builds his own continuous cash flow while expanding interpersonal network. For VDS, this is a multiplication fission expansion model. In such a system of large user groups, VAD, as a completely decentralized ad-delivery system, not only makes information delivery accurate, but more so act as an efficient channel that improves the conversion rate to the largest. It goes beyond any existing centralized advertising channel.

In addition to provide large user groups, the Trust Stamp Network also enhanced user stickiness to the Dapp in the ecology. The Trust Stamp Network is a grand system composed of the interpersonal network of each user, so the expansion process itself is based on the intimate connection to consolidate, which is more conducive to maintain Dapp activity.

Generally speaking, the global Dapp market has great resistance if takes into account the information’s precise delivery, wide coverage, and high user conversion. Within the ecosystem of VDS, these obstacles can be effectively eliminated for DAPP developers. The decentralized ad-bidding broadcast system VAD gets rid of the content review and release restrictions from centralized agencies, and promoters can turn more creative ideas into content for DAPP publicity.

In this era of information explosion, high-quality products are inseparable from effective promotion and marketing strategies. The development, publicity, and conversion with VDS’s decentralized ecology will be the fastest and most efficient one-stop service, and it will definitely become the battleground of the commercial industry.

In 2008, the U.S. plunged into a financial crisis because of the Federal Reserve’s low interest rate policy, the shadow banking system’s evasion of regulation, and the principle error of credit rating algorithms. In 2009, the Federal Reserve announced that it would expand its quantitative easing policy, and rescued the financial crisis caused by American bankers on the premise of the depreciation of fiat currency in the hands of citizens. Everyone who owned dollars was passively involved in the rescue activity. People realized by then that the value of our legal currency had always been controlled by capitalists, and the world’s financial structure was in urgent need of change.

In early 2009, the Genesis block of Bitcoin was created. It has solved our trust problem through blockchain technology, so that everyone in the world can achieve peer-to-peer transactions without centralized institutions and regain the “control” of their money from centralized agencies. Bitcoin is on track to change the world’s financial landscape, with the goal of shifting from a separated system of controlling currencies on a country-by-country basis to a decentralized consensus that determines the value of currencies.

Now it seems that Bitcoin can indeed help people seize control of the currency from centralized financial institutions. However, due to its lack of application scenarios and low speed in transaction confirmation, it is impossible for Bitcoin to become the electronic cash as described in the whitepaper, but rather a safe haven currency like gold which cannot truly circulate worldwide. The advent of VDS picked up Bitcoin’s dropped baton of changing the world’s financial landscape.

VDS utilizes its resonance trade function to offer Bitcoin users a decentralized one-way exchange channel, so that every user can convert their Bitcoin to Vollar (the currency circulating in VDS ecosystem) without seeking a counterparty. Resonance trade is how VDS picks up the baton as it completes the barrier-free exchange of Bitcoin to Vollar.

After receiving the baton through Resonance Trade function, VDS took over the mission from Bitcoin with a mining mechanism suitable for the circulation of electronic currency and its built-in commercial application scenarios.

Compared with Bitcoin, VDS has a better mining mechanism that is suitable for electronic cash, as well as shorter block interval and larger block size. This setting effectively solves Bitcoin’s problem in slow transaction confirmation.

In VDS, the unique chain of relationships built by Trust Stamp Network and future blockchain business smart contracts will help turn Vollar into electronic cash. The Trust Stamp Network is a multi-level interpersonal fission promotion system based on blockchain, which solves trust problem between people to a certain extent. Each VID here can build his/her own Trust Stamp Pyramid and reap the benefits, through which VDS achieve rapid expansion and get more people involved in the ecosystem. The future blockchain business smart contracts is a consensus sales network, where the promoters receive commissions for the consumption the VIDs made under his/her Trust Stamp system. The Trust Stamp Network has attracted huge groups of people to join, and the blockchain business smart contract has built a grand decentralized business network by implanting interpersonal relationships under the Trust Stamp system. The built-in Trust Stamp network and chain business smart contract functions in VDS will establish a business empire on the blockchain. It is an example of the organic combination of decentralized cash flow and business scenarios, solved the problem of Bitcoin’s lack in application scenarios, which is why Vollar, unlike Bitcoin, can be used as circulating electronic cash. In VDS, we have a dynamic and continuously developing network of value relationships that can accommodate billions of VIDs and provide us with long-term revenues in the process. We can participate in the business model to build our own business cash flows.

The emergence of Bitcoin has helped people grasp the value of their assets. However, due to the lack of application scenarios and slow speed of transactions, Bitcoin cannot become the electronic cash circulating around the world. Coupled with the increasing penetration of centralization institutions, what we urgent need is a decentralized electronic cash. VDS took the baton from Bitcoin in a decentralized manner through resonance trade and utilized a mining mechanism that makes the transaction faster, as well as the Trust Stamp Network and the future blockchain business smart contract to solve the problem at source that Bitcoin could not become a universal electronic cash. Holding the baton from Bitcoin, VDS continues to fulfill its mission of changing the world economic landscape.

[First we need to know exactly what a plug-in is.]

If we compare Bitcoin to a sophisticated game, its creator is world-renowned Satoshi Nakamoto, all private investors, marketmakers and miners are various types of players. With a giant background of Bitcoin supporting the rise of the decentralized financial world, this game attracted players’ entry and further more obtained their consensus on price. Everyone is a link that affects game process. Players compete for chips in this large-scale, long-lasting game. Even if the price fluctuations of Bitcoin stimulate the nerves of each player and make them exhausted, people are still flocking to Bitcoin and hoping to make great fortune overnight.

However, this game has received a lot of complaints from players in its course of running. Some players were snooped on privacy by the centralized organization during transaction, some players were eager for more gameplay and higher profits. A cryptocurrency called VDS has created a brand-new, open network on distributed nodes. Through Resonance Trade, the one-way exchange channel, Bitcoin can be exchange into Vollar, the circulating currency in the VDS ecosystem with complete anonymity in a decentralized manner. Across the channel, Bitcoin players can get additional “game options” such as anonymous transaction in the VDS world and the establishment of Trust Stamp Network on the chain. With more versatile functions, VDS injects more possibilities into the Bitcoin ecosystem.

First we need to know exactly what a plug-in is.

Plug-in generally refers to cheating software that seeks benefits for players. Players with plug-ins are often stronger the average players and able to make same achievements with lower-tech or shorter period of time. Plug-ins are roughly divided into two types. The first type allows players to break through the restrictions of the original game character, while the second greatly enhance character skills. VDS skillfully combines these two plug-ins to create a new ecosystem that protects the privacy of player property, facilitates the rapid expansion in player number and allows Bitcoin users to enter at any time through the exchange channel of Resonance Trade.

1. Break game rules, and achieve the unusual.

Perhaps it is due to the fact that Satoshi Nakamoto didn’t build an effective channel to promote Bitcoin when he designed it, the rise of Bitoin in the early days basically counted on cryptography and programming enthusiasts to spread in a small circle. It took four years for Bitcoin to earn reputation in the investment market. The Trust Stamp Network in VDS relies on multi-level interpersonal fission to distribute profit, any player using cash flow channels to send invitations and invite friends to participate in fission can be rewarded. The reward encourages players to send out direct invitations to promote this never-ending game, so that huge crowds of new members could join into VDS ecosystem and make it better. VDS opened the plug-in for Bitcoins users who came through the resonance channel, which breaks the previous convention that Bitcoin has no official route of transmission and drives new member to join through incentives. In this way, hard-working promoters get rewarded with what they deserve, and VDS ecosystem become easier and faster to expand than Bitcoin.

2. Make the skills of game characters greatly improved

Bitcoin has realized decentralized free transfers, but the restrictions of centralized institutions have continuously weakened the privacy attributes of Bitcoin and made the personal info of Bitcoin holders transparent. VDS’s anonymous trading technology and resonance trade help Bitcoin users achieve absolute privacy of their property. Bitcoin users only need to exchange Bitcoin to Vollar through the resonance trading channel, freedom is then regained for their asset with zero-knowledge proof technology. We can also exchange for any type of currency in the world through the decentralized OTC within VDS ecosystem. The emergence of Bitcoin has brought us a new possibility of protecting property privacy, and VDS as its plug-in helped Bitcoin users to break through the restrictions after their privacy compromised with centralized institutions. To Bitcoin players, this is a qualitative leap in their anonymity skill.

Independent cryptocurrency as it is, VDS provides plug-in for Bitcoin. It integrates the top technologies that can be achieved based on blockchain, builds a more diversified underlying technical support, lays down ecological autonomous rules, and initiates a unique and decentralized trading channel for Bitcoin users through the Resonance Trade function. Joint hands with Bitcoin, VDS will push the distribution of wealth to a fair level and boost a prosperous new era.

On this day in early 2020, 0.01 Bitcoin is about the price of two people having a full meal at a mid-priced restaurant. If simply measure the value of 0.01 bitcoin already in hand, it is digital gold, a safe haven with a volatile price. However, if you exchange 0.01 bitcoin for VID, you’ll access a free financial business system and a global social network of privacy, other than the one and only passable proof of identity in the VDS decentralized consensus social ecosystem. VID provides its owner with anonymous chat, decentralized OTC, Trust Stamp Network and many other functions.

Let’s find out why the price of creating VID is 0.01 bitcoin. First of all, we need to know that resonance trade is a one-way exchange channel between bitcoin and Vollar, that is, the holder can complete the exchange of Bitcoin to Vollar in the wallet of VDS in a decentralized way without seeking a counterparty, and the exchange ratio between Bitcoin and Vollar is dynamic. The price of creating a VID is calculated based on the conversion ratio of resonance trade in the current VDS ecosystem. When the market price of Vollar is equal to the resonance price, the cost of creating a VID is equivalent to 0.01 bitcoin. Resonance trade is the “perpetual motion” of VDS ecology, and the change in resonance ratio can reflect the development progress of each section in the VDS ecosystem and the final result of the interaction between various parts. This 0.01-times relationship connects resonance ratio and VID price, which is more conducive to the formation of a virtuous cycle, making the decentralized financial system of VDS more vivid and complete.

Now let’s take a look at what we can get when we spend 0.01 Bitcoin worth of Vollar to activate a VID.

    1. Secret Chat

VDS builds a “privacy network” on the distributed nodes, where anonymous super master nodes scattered around the world transmit information only without any storage. Such network service enables VDS secret chat system to operate safely with the guarantee of user privacy. Once we have created a VID, the VDS secret chat function is automatically enabled. Each VID can freely exchange information with other VIDs in a decentralized space without worrying about the disclosure of personal information or chat content. In addition, a VID can create or join in an OTC exchange through the distributed anonymous private group where each VID can trade Vollar for any kind of currency anonymously to achieve the ultimate freedom of wealth. Through its unique technology of anonymity, VDS offers each VID the right to express and trade chips in its private social network.

    2. Trust Stamp Fission Revenue

Activation of VID requires payment of a certain amount of Vollar to other VIDs. VIDs who sends invitations directly will receive 35% of the payment. The remaining 60% of Vollar, excluding the service charge, will be divided into 12 equal shares and distributed among the 12 linear relationship VIDs above, each of which will receive a 5% share of the system award Vollar, including the VID who send out invitation. This is a never-ending promotion game, players set up Trust Stamp pyramid through their unique network of relationships. Trust Stamp pyramid is not only the source of fission revenue; it also strengthens the relationship between VIDs both in reality and over the network with a hefty profit-driven VID fission, attracting fresh blood to join in the most efficient way.

    3. Lucky 20 Lottery for Each Block Week

Within VDS ecosystem, every 10,080 block is counted as one Game. At the end of each Game, 10 lucky super master nodes and 20 lucky VIDs will be selected to receive 50% of this Game’s Bitcoin rewards respectively. The Lucky 20 VIDs generated every Game needs to promote direct-invite fission to enter the candidate list for Bitcoin rewards. In each block week, the Bitcoin used for the resonance exchange of Vollar is extracted (Games in Spring Rain Plan will also include the specified guaranteed Bitcoin rewards), eventually the system will randomly select 20 VIDs with direct-invite fission promotion according to hash value and distribute Bitcoin rewards in proportion to their direct-invitation number of last Game. In VDS, VIDs with direct-invite fission promotion in each block week are all qualified to win Bitcoin rewards. Random draw of Lucky 20 makes VID income more diversified and adds entertainment.

Relying on blockchain technology, VDS has ushered in a new era of cryptocurrencies. It is a grand decentralized consensus social ecosystem that helps citizens awaken from the control of centralized institutions. VID is the key that leads us to the freedom of wealth and emancipation of mind. With only 0.01 Bitcoin worth of Vollar, we can get more than just a stronger network of relationships, a network for secret chat and trade and unimaginable wealth, but also a decentralized warm habitat in this era dominated by centralization.

According to data, there were 1,614 non-exchange “whale” addresses that had large-value transfers in 2019, among which 48.33% of the addresses participated in only one large transfer, and only 1.55% had more than 100 large transfers. Statistics showed that both the number of large transfers and its amounts have no correlation with the currency price at different time periods, so it can be concluded that “whale” activities have no direct relationship with crypto fluctuations. Whales rarely engage in large deals? Or intentionally avoid fluctuation period? The statements seem to be inconsistent with public’s perception that giant whales manipulate currency prices. Are they averting suspicion?

Perhaps this is one reason why whale addresses rarely trade during crypto fluctuations, but the biggest reason is the fact that whale addresses are monitored due to the transparency of Bitcoin ledger and frequent transactions may lead to the disclosure of personal identity info. Moreover, because of the excessive involvement of centralized institutions, whales’ personal info has already been leaked, many Bitcoin whales are forced to “run aground”. Under such difficult situation, VDS utilizes zero-knowledge proof to conduct anonymous transactions, connect BTC with VDS in a decentralized manner through resonance trade, a one-way exchange channel of Bitcoin for Vollar, so as to help Bitcoin whales from the shoals back to the vast ocean of freedom.

Among the current cryptocurrencies with anonymous transactions, only VDS connect with Bitcoin in a decentralized way, while transaction of other coins can only be realized through centralized exchanges. However, most of the centralized exchanges require identity certificates with no anonymity at all. Through the decentralized resonance trade in VDS, anyone can convert Bitcoin into Vollar without any personal identification, and transfer Vollar to an anonymous address after the resonance transaction is completed, making it impossible to trace the money. In this way, Bitcoin whales get off the hook and able to convert their asset into any type of currency in the world through OTC, including cryptocurrency. This allows Bitcoin to achieve real freedom under complete anonymity. Bitcoin whales can use this green channel to anonymously trade with fiat currency, transfer assets or make property storage dispersed.

The use of anonymous transactions not only prevents disclosure of personal information caused by transparency of Bitcoin ledger, it also offers individuals with greater autonomy and control over their crypto assets, aka a protection for individual assets. The choice of anonymity protects personal information of both parties, making the trust mechanism easier to establish at the time of transaction. The fact that people avoid trading with Bitcoin whales because of their monitored addresses is one explanation of them being forced to “run aground”. Addresses and transaction records of both parties during anonymous transaction leave no traces, which safeguards the personal information and property security of both parties.

Most of Bitcoin whales are leaders in crypto industry with seniority and attendance in many large-scale commercial activities. Such activities inevitably include frequent large-value transactions. If someone paid attention to the records at such moments, not only is the security of assets under threat, it may also lead to the disclosure of business secrets. The importance of anonymous transaction is self-evident. VDS utilizes technology of zero-knowledge proof to carry out anonymous transaction, which came out long time ago and already took two years of practice in crypto industry. It is the most thoroughly anonymous trading among the current methods with no trace left behind, just like rivers running into the sea, not the least trace was found.

Linking Bitcoin to VDS in a completely decentralized way is the insistence of VDS on Nakamoto’s spirit. Injecting anonymity and freedom into Bitcoin and bringing it back to its original vision that everyone can enjoy privacy and security of their assets is VDS’s practice of Satoshi’s spirit. VDS allows us to re-embrace anonymity so that assets are no longer monitored and no more threat to asset security because of the records of assets’ flow, we’re finally able to take full control of the assets and achieve wealth autonomy. It is also the primary goal for all crypto participants to keep up decentralization and protect privacy.

No more surveillance for the whale, let them swim in the ocean of freedom. Let us reclaim our original intention and regain the consensus of decentralization.

Earlier this year, fears about the Middle East flared again after Iran fired rockets at the Assad Air Base in western Iraq’s Anbar Province, which is home to U.S. troops near the Syrian border, following the assassination of an Iranian major general by the U.S. After this news report, data showed gold prices opening at a seven-year high of $35, rising above $1,600 per ounce for the first time, while Bitcoin jumped to a new high of more than $8,400 in 2020. From economic blockades to trade wars to war strikes, Bitcoin is rising alongside gold and its safe-haven properties are becoming more apparent.

During the previous economic sanctions by the United States, centralized financial institutions in Iran have received international restrictions, the transfer of funds are under lots of obstacles and the domestic financial inflation rate is also high, therefore, Iranian citizens turned to decentralized cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin is the pioneer of crypto whose value has broad consensus and highest visibility, but its flow of funds remains stymied, although the Iranian government has acknowledged the legitimacy of Bitcoin and the ICO, tokens, cryptocurrency wallets, cryptocurrency exchanges and mining processes. However, the central bank of Iran still bans the use of global cryptocurrencies as a means of payment at home and bans Iranians from holding large amounts of crypto. In addition, Trump has banned exchanges in the United States from providing cryptocurrency services to Iran. Both governments have chosen to restrict the use of Bitcoin through centralized institutions, making it difficult for Iranian citizens to trade despite their Bitcoin holdings.

VDS is linked to Bitcoin through a resonance trade system, the one-way exchange of Bitcoin for Vollar. It is resonance trade that links the clever parts of VDS design with Bitcoin, providing a channel for the outflow of funds for Bitcoin and export of funds for people who need to avoid risks.

After exchanging Bitcoin to Vollar through resonance trade, you can exchange Vollar for any currency or security through OTC transactions within the anonymous network of VDS. If you want to make Bitcoin completely anonymous, transfer Vollar to an anonymous address after resonance trade, and then change it to the currency you want through OTC. VDS’s anonymity uses zero-knowledge proof to ensure that transactions are completely anonymous and cannot be queried. And the whole process, without going through an exchange or personal information authentication, requires only a very small amount of Vollar for the creation of a VID, which can open up the money outflow channel of Bitcoin and find the exit of the money in times of emergency.

VID is the pass in the whole ecosystem of VDS. With VID, we can participate in the decentralized OTC transactions, accessing the anonymous capital export of Bitcoin and opening up a source of capital inflow. VID is the identity symbol in VDS ecology. Links are maintained based on special transactions between VID addresses to form an ever-expanding fission network called Trust Stamp Network. This network is made up of countless trust pyramids, and each VID can receive fission rewards as he develops his network. This is a multi-level interpersonal promotion system that relies on transaction signature connections. The system is completely decentralized, and each VID in the Trust Stamp Pyramid gets corresponding rewards through direct or indirect promotion, which means that each VID can continuously benefit from the expansion of this pyramid. All promoters get rich profits, and more people joining it will expand the cash flow into the ecology and ultimately achieve a win-win situation for each participant. It not only gives better play to the safe-haven property of Bitcoin, but also indirectly provides a way for Bitcoin to appreciate.

The source of the capital inflow does not stop there. Bitcoin participating in the resonance trade will be returned to the players through a lottery. In every Game, 10 super master nodes serving VDS anonymous network and 20 VIDs participating in last Game’s fission will be randomly selected to receive Bitcoin rewards. Through rigorous logic design, VDS enables OTC, VID and Trust Stamp to form an interlocking and interactive system, which organically connects capital export and capital inflow through blockchain technology to form a sustainable cash flow system. While giving better play to the safe-haven nature of Bitcoin, the Trust Stamp will also bring a steady stream of profits and the huge rewards of Bitcoin and Vollar that may be obtained every Game. With the continuous expansion of the VDS ecosystem, its revenue will also expand infinitely. The link between Bitcoin and VDS ecosystem will lead every player to realize true wealth freedom.

Just like Bitcoin, VDS ecology is implemented on public chain, and cannot be shut down. Bitcoin is combined with VDS ecology through resonance trade and the whole process does not need to go through the centralized exchanges. Moreover, the whole ecology of VDS is completely decentralized, and will not be restricted by centralized institutions. VDS will always be the free channel of wealth for Bitcoin players and a continuous revenue multiplier. Today, when centralized finance is becoming even more fragile, we seek for new risk aversion tools in a decentralized world and also need to establish new cash flows. Cash flows serve as the supplies for the march whose importance is self-evident. While avoiding depreciation of your property, there can be new capital inflows to allow yourself the circulation of funds and truly achieve the ultimate wealth freedom.

Bitcoin, as a special decentralized payment medium, has long been known for its secrecy. Privacy demanders make up a large proportion of Bitcoin users because Bitcoin relies on a unique form of output that does not require participants to input personal info at the time of registration, and it is not possible to locate and confirm the actual identity of the transactionee through Bitcoin’s address alone. So, at the beginning, centralized agency was unable to match the real identity of Bitcoin holder to the address private key or Bitcoin address he had, and Bitcoin was therefore considered as a tool to help take full control of wealth.

However, as more people understand the value of Bitcoin and demands become stronger, an increasing number of exchanges start to provide convenient and fast trading. It is gradually discovered that many exchanges, after the baptism of national policies, received supervision from centralized institutions. Users are required to provide real-name authentication and the payment method tied with autonym, so that centralized institutions can monitor Bitcoin at any time by means of retrieving user information, transaction details and currency flow. Since then, Bitcoin’s anonymity has been shattered and door for Bitcoin holders to hide their wealth and asset movements have been closed.

Bitcoin turns 10 in 2019. Time has proved that Satoshi Nakamoto’s innovation is a success, and cryptocurrency is feasible, but we need a free and private way to protect our information and asset. On February 14 2019, the advent of VDS reliberated Bitcoin and revived the chance of Bitcoin holders to achieve freedom of wealth.

By combining its unique Resonance Trade system with zero knowledge proof to make transactions anonymous, and distributed OTC trading technic, VDS has opened up a decentralized global currency exchange channel. Those monitored Bitcoin can be converted into Vollar through a one-way cross-chain channel, and then be transferred to an anonymous address to complete the concealment of Bitcoin. VDS is a decentralized financial ecosystem. It has set up free funding channels, and each participant can get rid of the shackles from supervision and take full control of his wealth. VDS has also become a “back door” to liberate Bitcoin.

Zero-knowledge proof means that the certifier can convince the verifier that a claim is correct without providing any useful information to the verifier. The well-known Zcash uses zero-knowledge proof to achieve strong privacy protection for both sides of the transaction. Resonance trade, i.e. the one-way conversion of Bitcoin to Vollar， allows the holder to convert Bitcoin into Vollar in a decentralized manner in the wallet of VDS without seeking a counterparty. This technology is unique to VDS.

In VDS wallet, there’re two ways of resonance transaction. The first is to create a VDS wallet private key, switch to the Bitcoin wallet, obtain its public key, transfer Bitcoin to this address and then initiate one-way exchange of Bitcoin to Vollar through resonance trade function. The second is to directly import the private key of Bitcoin into the VDS wallet, generate a VDS address with the same set of private key, and then initiate the one-way resonance transaction from Bitcoin to Vollar through the resonance channel of VDS. Either of these two exchange methods can be used to exchange Bitcoin to Vollar without a counterparty. The Vollar used for the exchange comes from Resonance V-pool (see the VDS whitepaper for resonance concepts)

After converting Bitcoin into Vollar, we can send the Vollar in wallet to an anonymous address, hide the asset through zero-knowledge proof technology, thus the owner has the freedom to spend his property without anyone knowing about it. He may trade this anonymous Vollar directly to anyone or convert Vollar into any property by joining or establishing a decentralized OTC exchange within the VDS ecosystem. After going through this series of decentralized processes, Bitcoin that was once monitored could be secretly stored, turned from bright to dark, and finally regained its freedom.

VDS provides a decentralized, anonymous channel for Bitcoin, opening a “back door” for its owners, believers, and even creators to help them truly hide their assets, get rid of surveillance and control. VDS freed Bitcoin through blockchain technology, offering Bitcoin brand-new possibilities.

Bitcoin delivers a superior solution to our personal privacy demands, but it has been discovered over time that centralized institutions are finding ways to monitor the currency, making it hard to keep as a secret, and the privacy of its owners has been exposed. The advent of VDS opened a “back door” to discretionary asset for Bitcoin, allowing Bitcoin holders to “secondarily anonymize” their chips in a purely decentralized ecology, thus completely liberating Bitcoin.

Telegram is a world-renowned encrypted chat tool. It provides end-to-end encryption for one-to-one chats based on 256-bit symmetric AES encryption, 2048-bit RSA encryption and Diffie-Hellman key exchange. Telegram is quite confident in how it encrypts and promises a $100,000 bonus if anyone succeeds in cracking intercepted communications. Zerodium, the vulnerability acquisition platform, also made a quote of up to $500,000 for the vulnerability of Telegram, which reflects Telegram’s high degree of security. However, it is the centralized regulation instead of technology that brought Telegram down. Telegram lost a $14,000 lawsuit for refusing to provide the Federal Security Service of Russian(FSB) the keys it needed to access users’ data for the sake of national security. A few months later, an ultimatum was sent to Telegram said it would face a blockage of the entire network if not comply. The story ended up with Telegram being forced to withdraw from Russia.

This time it is Russia. If Telegram is banned by all countries, can we still find chat tool that protects privacy? Is the last line of defense for privacy over the Internet about to collapse? The answer is no. Even if Telegram gets blocked by all countries in the world, there are still decentralized privacy-protecting chat tools like VDS. With privacy in mind, VDS has developed a distributed anonymous network that runs VDS’s secret chats in a completely decentralized manner.

The distributed anonymous network of VDS is composed of numerous super master nodes built by VDS players with hidden IPs. These super master nodes are only responsible for network-enabled services such as data processing and information transmission and do not store information, which ensure the security of personal privacy in a decentralized environment. Moreover, service-providing super master nodes are dispersed all over the world. More scattered super master nodes make the anonymous network of VDS even stronger. On the other hand, as long as super master node exists, the anonymous network of VDS will exist as well. This is a truly independent and secured privacy network that cannot be shut down.

The distributed anonymous network cannot be restricted or shut down unless the global Internet is closed. And of course, we can still build the LAN to continue using it. Decentralized servers are also more secured than centralized ones. The centralized encrypted chat relies too much on the centralized server and has a low rate of fault-tolerance. They cannot bear any problem or error, otherwise the whole system will crash. Distributed systems do not have such concerns. With the development of VDS, the network will become more secured with the increasing number of super master nodes, and have better computing efficiency than centralized servers. All super master nodes are anonymous to avoid other social influences over the network, which centralized servers cannot guarantee even with high technical skill and stable network, such as the well-known centralized encrypted chat Telegram whose founder is a Russian superrich. Based in Germany, Telegram has located its important nodes in other countries like the United States, Europe and Singapore. All information regarding the founder, company entity and server are checkable. It is usually the information connected with reality that is the weakest. Not only the entire network of Telegram is blocked, even the founder is forced to leave Russia.

There’s no unbreakable fortress in the world. Telegram was once questioned that it does not turn on end-to-end encryption by default on the PC side, resulting in the disclosure of some user information misled by its security promotion. Relying on a single “hub” for computing, encryption and transmission of all information is a risk itself, no matter how sophisticated the technology is, there’s no guarantee that the hub will never fail. However, the distributed anonymous network of VDS is different. Each message will be broken into multiple fragments with separate encryption and transmitted through different super master modes. Even if there is information leakage due to problem with the super master nodes, it is still difficult to get the whole piece of information.

Users registration in centralized encrypted chats is often bound with other centralized institutions, like using a mobile number or email to register and log in, which also casts doubt on their security. With the intervention of relevant authorities, these centralized agencies can hijack user verification code, which means that your chat account can be unwittingly logged in by a third party. And accounts with mobile numbers and emails are bound with a large amount of personal info, which may reveal use’s information at registration and login. In the distributed anonymous network of VDS, a VID is the only requirement for using secret chat. To create a VID, you just need to send a certain amount of Vollar to another VID. No personal information is required. The only identity authentication is a private key protected by the encrypted algorithm.

In a word, centralized chat tools like Telegram will not be the last line of privacy defense. It can even be said that due to the characteristics of centralized systems, such chat tool doesn’t truly protect our privacy, the real private chat has to rely on the decentralized systems and networks.

In the process of modern society, the problem of financial centralization caused by income imbalance is becoming even more serious. Along with the development of centralized finance, the number of financial institutions that are too big to fail are increasing as well. When economic crisis comes, comprehensive tax adjustments and authoritarian economic regulations are required to ensure that the centralized financial system does not collapse, which also makes situation of income inequality worse and difficult to resolve. Born during the financial crisis, Bitcoin is just like an experiment to improve the drawbacks of today’s centralized finance. What Satoshi embedded in the Genesis block “The times 03/Jan/2009 chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks” seems to be a testament to Bitcoin’s mission. However, as Bitcoin enters its new development phase, the income distribution of new players and those early players has become increasingly unbalanced.

Most of the “rich” addresses of Bitcoin are from early players, who have made significant contributions to Bitcoin and also bore high risks, of course they’ve been rewarded with high rate of return. However, it is undeniable that in this economic mode, the benefits to players who enter the market today are very limited because of the high earnings of early players. There’s no breakthrough in the price of Bitcoin since 2017. Despite the emergence of minor bull market, the overall price of Bitcoin has remained in a bear market for the past two years, floating within a certain range. High threshold and small income have further compressed the newbie’s profit.

VDS not only maintains the same decentralized, non-tamperable characteristics as Bitcoin in terms of ecological design, but also integrates zero-knowledge proof technology to make transactions completely anonymous as well as added other clever designs, all of which work off one another to make the ecology of VDS more balanced and vibrant. More importantly, the emergence of VDS has brought new opportunities to redistribute Bitcoin. The “heart” of VDS-Resonance Trade system, aka the perpetual motion of VDS, is not only the center of VDS ecological operation, but also the channel connecting Bitcoin with VDS. While improving the anonymity of Bitcoin ecology, it also provides more application scenarios which stimulates Bitcoin’s circulation.
VDS and Bitcoin complement each other in the practice of decentralized finance. Bitcoins invested in resonance trade will cycle back to circulation and be randomly distributed among eco-builders as a form of return for ecological construction. By means of Game lottery, Bitcoin re-enters the ecosystem and 10 lucky super master nodes and 20 lucky VIDs are randomly selected according to the hash value in a completely decentralized operation. At the end of each Game, queries can be made on the command line or through the wallet Client-end. A truly transparent mechanism in a decentralized environment ensures the fairness of the lottery.

As the component of VDS anonymous network, super master nodes are responsible for the continuous transmission and synchronization of data between distributed network servers. Super master nodes relate to the entire anonymous network of VDS and determine users experience. Therefore, having more stable super master nodes is vital to VDS anonymous network. Super master nodes with longer online time provide more services and thus have a greater chance at winning BTC.
Another reward is to randomly select 20 addresses from those of the VIDs created in the last Game and allocate Bitcoin in proportion to their number of direct invitations. The more VIDs you invited, the more Bitcoin you’ll receive. The expansion of VID population will determine VDS ecological scale. Bitcoin’s allocation is in accordance with the number of newly invited VIDs each Game, it is both a reward for ecological contributor and a balance to the cumulative gap between early and new players. Early players have built a mature Trust Stamp system and invited a certain number of VIDs under their system while new players have just started to establish their system. This lottery rule makes the new players standing on the same starting line with early players, both of them have an equal opportunity of winning BTC.

Bitcoin’s cycle starts from resonance trade to Game lottery and then ends up with its distributions to players who have made greater contributions to the ecology. Such design uses Bitcoin’s high-value as incentives to encourage users’ participation. Besides, with the development and expansion of VDS ecology, more BTC will be invested in the resonance trade of each Game and therefore more Bitcoin will be allocated to the participants as rewards thus cultivates a sense of purpose to develop VDS into a decentralized financial ecology. VDS players completed Bitcoin’s redistribution while their earnings continue to rise. Players obtain both Bitcoin and the benefits from participation in VDS, which not only reduces their admission cost in Bitcoin, but also improves the profit, and get well prepared to seize the opportunities before Bitcoin’s next surge. The expansion of VDS ecosystem will also provide more application scenarios for Bitcoin and achieve a win-win results. The two ecosystems depend on each other and co-develop, a reshuffle will occur on the rich list.

Bitcoin is the spiritual guide of VDS, and VDS has redefined the original intention of Bitcoin. With the common goal of building a truly decentralized realm to realize equality, freedom and privacy, they join hands on this long-term path. It is a mission they have undertaken since birth. Both VDS and BTC are born to be extraordinary and will eventually upend tradition.

[VDS Resonance Trade, BTC users’ passage to Freedom]

Centralized institutions are now playing a leading role in financial industry. And this imbalance has made it impossible for people to take care of their own property. We fight inflation by diversifying investment, but cannot fundamentally solve the problem of property privacy and security.

On January 3 2019, Bitcoin was created. It built up a new model of social trust based on blockchain technology and paved the way for humankind to defend personal privacy and truly command wealth.

But unfortunately, along with the development of decentralized finance, the penetration of centralization has become increasingly series. Through the control of exchange platforms and the backup and tracking of addresses, the advantage of Bitcoin’s anonymity has gradually weakened. Bitcoin, which has now become “transparent”, is more centralized controlled by a few.

VDS, a decentralized global currency representing privacy, freedom and wealth made its debut on the world stage on February 14, 2019, the romantic Valentine’s Day, which is also ten years, one month, and nine days after the birth of Bitcoin. Based on blockchain technology, VDS has made an organic binding with Bitcoin from the perspective of transaction circulation and usage, providing BTC players a new channel with high asset anonymity. Meanwhile, within VDS ecosystem, BTC has more application scenarios. This is no doubt a monumental event in the development of cryptocurrency industry.

VDS Resonance Trade, BTC users’ passage to Freedom

Through VDS’s Resonance Trade, the one-way cross-chain exchange, Bitcoin is converted into Vollar (circulating currency in VDS community) at a dynamic ratio. This has constituted an effective exchange relationship between BTC and VDS. Users convert their Bitcoin into Vollar through decentralized cross-chain exchange, this is transaction-based value-binding.

As we all know, the original intention of Bitcoin is to provide people a decentralized trading platform and reduce the impact of centralized institutions through peer-to-peer transaction.
At present, centralized institutions still hold an iron grip on the industry. Due to the dual pressure from both technical monitoring on addresses and policies, there’s no progress in BTC’s development. But now, BTC holders can regain their lost privacy freedom through the anonymous transaction method of VDS Resonance Trade and zero-knowledge proof. With the help of distributed decentralized transaction channels, we can absolutely keep hands-on control of our crypto assets.

The advent of VDS has solved the predicament of BTC, created a new world of free trading through technology and pattern design, and simultaneously maximized the value of both VDS and BTC. In the ecosystem of VDS, everyone is capable of setting up their own secret chat groups on the distributed anonymous network to create a decentralized OTC exchange. Or choose the trading group according to their own needs, pick up any type of wealth as the unit of settlement. Buyers and sellers trade independently through smart contracts on blockchain in a decentralized environment. This also effectively prevents the negative impact of centralized trading, because in VDS, everyone can be a decentralized exchange.

Bitcoin has value in defending user privacy and bringing up the concept of decentralization. VDS, through the unobstructed trading channel of Resonance Trade, has giving both sides more application space and scenarios on the basis of value binding.

VDS, a continuation of Bitcoin’s mission as peer-to-peer electronic cash system.

According to the title in whitepaper, Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. However, due to the lack of specific plans for commercial development prospects, coupled with small block capacity and long block interval, Bitcoin has a low transaction speed, which makes it impossible to circulate as efficient as cash. Bitcoin seems more likely to be a better fit as digital gold. We have to admit that until now, Bitcoin has somehow run counter to its original intention.

However, a decade later, VDS takes on the mission from Bitcoin to circulate. Under the premise of value binding, VDS provides a fashioned business application scenarios:  Through smart contracts, the implementation of benefit distribution will greatly improve the speed and validity of promotion, and make an accurate target on buyer and seller. In this business model, there’ll be large circulation demands to use Vollar as electronic cash, to connect to various points in the ecology and thus making the overall ecology more vibrant. The guarantee on Vollar’s ability to serve as cash flow is precisely its larger block capacity and shorter block interval. Meanwhile, we can speed up transaction rate to a new level through lightning network.

As digital gold, even though Bitcoin has not yet become a circulating electronic cash, it has implanted the model of decentralized, independent economy into people’s hearts, providing a chance to fighting against centralized institutions with decentralized finance. VDS’s dual wallet design maximizes ease of use. We can use both e-gold and e-cash in the same secured decentralized wallet. The address mapping technology leaves us the option to manage two types of assets with the same set of private key.

VDS integrates a trusted network of relationships in the decentralized financial model, coupled with applicable business and payment scenarios, Vollar is therefore an effective electronic cash and perfectly fused with BTC with each of their advantages. Each participant of VDS ecosystem can establish their own permanent cash flow from fission and super master nodes, and get additional BTC rewards from participating in Games while expanding Trust Stamp Network, and create their own personal wealth channel. Through the value binding, VDS and BTC work together to improve the crypto system, making this decentralized financial system full of vitality.

Conclusion

In modern financial system, people have always been regulated by centralized institutions. Utopia about the wealth freedom was merely a beautiful story before the advent of Bitcoin. Like a candlelight in the dark, Bitcoin lighted up people’s suppressed desire for freedom. Born on Bitcoin’s 10th anniversary, VDS is the most powerful in history and the best secretive decentralized business system. It has achieved the unrealized goals of Bitcoin and conducted value-binding with it in various aspects through cryptography and sophisticated logical design. With Resonance technology, VDS has opened arm to every Bitcoin user and built up a truly free, secretive and blissful decentralized garden of Eden.

In the age of big data, there’s a growing conflict between privacy protection and personal data, the need to find a balance in-between is becoming increasingly urgent. The emergence of Bitcoin once brought us hope and have our respect for its autonomy in personal property. However, with the rising attention and user groups, the privacy of Bitcoin is gradually weakened. The advent of VDS ignited crypto market with features like privacy-protection. Not only that, VDS also set Bitcoin free in the name of Satoshi Nakamoto. Vollar is used as the intermediary to make Bitcoin transactions completely anonymous.

Before we talk about whether VDS is capable of trading Bitcoin anonymously, we need to understand why Bitcoin cannot be traded in an anonymous manner. Among the descriptions, anonymity is one of Bitcoin’s distinguished features. The founder of Wikipedia once mentioned that Bitcoin is a safe and anonymous crypto. Many people take it for granted that Bitcoin is anonymous. In fact, Bitcoin is rather non-identifying than anonymous.

Anonymity refers to the state when a pseudonym with no relevance on the Internet is used, and the identity of each person cannot be recognized. Non-identifying means everyone in the network has a virtual identity that has nothing to do with their real identity. The transparency of Bitcoin ledger makes the funds flow of each address checkable. Since transaction involves the establishment of relationships, not only the flow of funds can be checked, the special relationship between addresses can also be traced according to transaction frequency. If you accidentally revealed your BTC address on a public platform, there’ll be no secret to your payment history. Your trading info will be fully exposed to hundreds of millions of users. Therefore, Bitcoin is non-identifying rather than anonymous. Besides, most transactions of Bitcoin nowadays are processed through centralized trading platforms which require real-name identification at the registration. In other words, the non-identifying characteristic of Bitcoin has no real substance.

How does VDS realize the thoroughly anonymous transaction of Bitcoin? First off, through the unique resonance trading system, BTC can be converted into Vollar at a dynamic ratio. Resonance trade is achieved due to the fact that VDS and BTC adopt the same elliptic curve algorithm, therefore, BTC and VDS are able to use the same private key. This design allows Bitcoin to be exchanged into Vollar through decentralized operations without any intermediary such as exchange platforms. VDS utilizes zero-knowledge proof for anonymous transaction, which is the most thoroughly anonymous method currently known without leaving any transaction records and cuts off the funds’ source info. After that, Vollar can be sold through VDS’s OTC group. Till now, the transaction and cash-out of Bitcoin are achieved under complete anonymity. If you pick up the proper ratio to exchange Bitcoin, and sell Vollar at the appropriate price, there is even room for profit, equivalent to the appreciation of Bitcoin. This is indeed a green channel designed for Bitcoin’s anonymous transaction. In addition to currency trading, OTC groups can also be used to trade various securities, goods and even services. Not just cash-out, VDS will also make the anonymous payment and online shopping of Bitcoin happen.

There’s an endless emergence of cryptocurrencies on the market ever since the creation of Bitcoin, some of which with high anonymity. But VDS is the only one to connect with Bitcoin in a decentralized, anonymous manner. It is the real practice pioneer of Satoshi Nakamoto’s spirit and has extended it further to a higher level with applications. Aside from anonymity, all functions of VDS are built on distributed networks. Smart contracts provide plenty possibilities and offer users high degree of freedom. VDS brings BTC more than just anonymity. Sky is the limit.

VDS is a dark horse in the cryptocurrency market at the beginning of 2019 with its decentralized, ecological vision of bringing everyone real freedom. The depressing crypto industry was ignited by the VDS’s characteristics of anonymity and privacy. Bitcoin stopped its continuous drop when VDS got released in February, and rose by 68% when VDS ushered into its first bull market. Is it a coincidence? Or is VDS more closely related to BTC?

This starts with the relationship between VDS and BTC. VDS initiated Resonance Trade system to allow Bitcoin players to perform a decentralized transaction process through cross-chain method.  After converting BTC assets to Vollar, there comes more options. Through VDS, BTC users can regain the privacy of their BTC assets. In the anonymous transaction of Resonance Trade and Zero-knowledge Proof and the distributed decentralized exchanges, BTC is completely set free from the monitoring of centralized institutions. In the context of centralized penetration, this is already an urgent need for Bitcoin players, which means that VDS offers BTC a truly free and secure exit. In addition, there’s more room for Bitcoin players to participate in VDS ecology. Resonance Trade alone provides plenty of room for Bitcoin players to make a profit.

Vollar is in high demands in its process of rapid development, whether it is the revenue of building super master nodes, development of smart contract, or expansion of the Trust Stamp network. More BTC will be resonated into Vollar when there are bigger demands in the ecology. In this process, the decrease of resonance level determines the increase in resonance price, which will cast influence as the dominant factor in the market, enabling Vollar to have a higher ROI. Eco-builders can set up super master nodes to serve the network, and have long-term value-added income in the process.

From the design point of VDS and the resonance system, it is not difficult to find out its close correlation with BTC. VDS not only provides Bitcoin holders with a secure and free privacy channel, but also allows BTC to play a greater role in the value. Therefore, the development process of VDS is bound to have a positive impact on the BTC market. BTC will flow through VDS ecology at multiple rounds, as an incentive to stimulate redevelopment. Equitable distribution mechanisms are also an essential prerequisite for long-term development.

VDS raised 4,500 BTC at its launch. Many Bitcoin holders believe in its value and the feasibility of solving the current dilemma, even the developer who has mined the 270th block of Bitcoin is involved. It seems that VDS has been inseparable from Bitcoin since its inception. Throughout the price curve, VDS and BTC also have a high degree of overlap. BTC hit its final low and stopped a bear market that had lasted nearly a year as VDS went online. In early May, VDS rose by 55% in a single day, and Bitcoin rose by 17% the next day. By the end of June, volume of VID day-create hit 190,000, at the same time, BTC reaches the highest price of the year.

Many are not coincidences, but the conclusions of repeated verifications. VDS provides a more secure privacy space for BTC and opens a whole new chapter of development for Bitcoin holders, targeting highly overlapping market participants through resonance and series of mechanisms. The overlap of user groups also indicates that the two groups have almost the same sense of market and therefore made the same judgments.

The design concept of VDS’s pursuit of freedom and decentralization is highly consistent with the spirit of Bitcoin, and they complement each other in the path of decentralization.

And the interaction between VDS and BTC may not be limited to price movements in the future. Due to low transaction speed and lack of application scenarios, Bitcoin has long been regarded as “digital gold” and can only serve as a reserve. However, the development of VDS ecosystem is more inclined to the diversity of application scenarios, such as anonymous transaction, secret chat, expansion of the Trust Stamp, smart contract, etc. VDS has mapped out and integrated interpersonal communication, free finance, business connection, consumer capital, application landing, and networking freedom, to form a decentralized consensus ecosystem of interconnection and interaction. Resonance Trade connects VDS with BTC and provides BTC with more application space. Especially now that Bitcoin transactions are becoming more and more transparent, the anonymity of Bitcoin network has also become a false proposition. Through Resonance Trade together with anonymous transaction, Bitcoin can relive its original vision of anonymous privacy. Through the combination of chain-business and Trust Stamp, Bitcoin has a new direction of circulation and will no longer be used only as a storage asset. When VDS truly becomes the link between virtual and reality, space and time, and by the time when the decentralized consensus ecosystem is completed, Bitcoin will also realize its original vision of decentralization and freedom of privacy. BTC enlightens the direction of VDS, and VDS in return will expand the spirit of Bitcoin to the wilder world.