The main obstacle for adoption right now is energy consumption and waste. The main source of waste in Bitcoin is the competitive aspect of it's POW protocol. Miners compete by doing the same work in parallel but it's only the miners who win whose work contributes to the security of the blockchain, the rest is wasted.
After examining the
BIPs on github, the only one that even attempts to address efficiency is
BIP 52 and it's about using optical chips.
The most straightforward way to improve the efficiency of Bitcoin is to eliminate competition and this can be done in one of three ways:
1. Focus all mining work on the same block by getting all miners to work for the same pool, or create a super pool that consolidates the work of all mining pools. This would distribute block rewards most fairly but it would reduce energy consumption the least as the minimum work required for a share of the block rewards would only discourage the slowest miners from participating. This can be adjusted though.
2. Employ some kind of dice roll or rock-paper-scissor scheme to select a miner at random who then does the actual work alone. This would greatly reduce energy consumption but it would not distribute block rewards as fairly as solution #1. Hash power would no longer effect a miner's odds of winning so this would eliminate mining pools.
3. Yet another idea is to have nodes announce their intent to mine (register) and wait their turn in a queue. This would reduce energy consumption as much as solution #2 and it would distribute block rewards more fairly over time and it would eliminate mining pools.
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