If I understand correctly, the SEC (securities and exchange commission) believes it has the right to declare anything that is exchanged for money a "security", the selling of which requires a special license from them.
Currently they're going after LBRY, which I've never used but it sounds like they are the "easy target", the weakest kid on the playground that the bully is automatically going to go after.
Is that correct?
This is all very dubious since the SEC is the same entity that almost never prosecutes Wall Street's criminal activities. They are widely viewed as a corrupt "captured regulator".
Here's a video that I found about SEC vs LBRY: https://helplbrysavecrypto.com/

Person A connects a $15,000 mining rig to his computer and starts churning out many terahashes per second, in the form of "shares".
Person B connects nothing to his computer, but instead modifies cgminer to pretend that it is communicating with a $15,000 mining rig and generates the exact same number of terahashes per second, however they are all faked random nonsense. When the pool finally finds a valid PoW, Person B gets a share of the proceeds despite not submitting valid shares.
What is there to prevent person B from doing this?
Or to put it another way, what is the process by which a share is actually verified to have been performed on real hardware, since (AFAIK) a share typically does not include a successful PoW that results in new coins?

If a nefarious miner tries to reward herself 10000 bitcoins after finding a correct PoW for her copy of the block, what is to prevent her from doing so ?

Is there some central place where the current correct reward is to be found so that everyone knows for certain what it is e.g. https://somewebsite.com/current_reward.xml ?

When a reward values changes, but not everyone hears about it, there are bound to be miners who submit valid PoW and blocks whose reward is out of sync with the larger consensus. How is that discrepancy dealt with?

E.g. a miner submits a valid PoW for their block but rewards herself 25 BTC instead of 12.5. Does that miner get a chance to fix her mistake?