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Founded in August 2016, SparkPool is rooted in EthFans, the Chinese Ethereum Community started in 2015. As a mining pool, SparkPool is dedicated to providing professional services to miners and maintaining a stable operation of public blockchain networks. Over the past three years, SparkPool has been striving to improve its architectural infrastructure and diversify its services, which include mining pools for ETH, Beam, Grin and CKB, a staking pool for Cosmos, Celo, NearProtocal, etc. Thanks to clients' trust and preference for its technical team, and the recognition of its accurate insight into the mining industry, SparkPool has grown into the biggest Ethereum mining pool and the largest all-purpose GPU hashrate platform worldwide. SparkPool is the most efficient ETH Mining Pool with high block utilization and low uncle rate, which means we can mine more from the whole Ethereum network with the same hashrate.You can check the data below. https://www.etherchain.org/charts/topMinersWe use PPS+ distribution mode that we do not only distribute block rewards but also block tx fees and uncle rewards to our clients. PPS+ mode can guarantee our clients a stable income with 100% of the average of the ethereum network's mining rewards and regardless of the Pool's luck. Welcome to mine in SparkPool. https://www.sparkpool.com/Our Asia Servers: asia.sparkpool.com:3333 Failover option port:13333 |
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Which do you you mine with? Try SparkPool to enjoy the highest income  |
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各位矿工霸霸们久等了！  星火矿池上新币了！ 9月7日起，星火矿池推出ETC、XMR两个强势币种。 挖矿手续费将继续维持 全网最低的 1%。收益模式 PPS+，不出块也有收益啦！ 请问大家知道PPS+和PPS的区别吗？ 敲黑板！！PPS+ 里的这个+ 代表着分配区块中每笔转账的手续费 所以，选择什么分配模式的矿池收益最大，大家心里有数了吧！  |
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Preface
The development of global blockchain technology has given birth to the emerging mining business. However, the majority of miners don’t know how their own profits being calculated. If you are a ETH miner, to maximize your mining profit, it’s essential to understand the mining process behind the scene.
What's a mining pool?
The work of the mining pools is nothing more than grouping computing power (hashrate) in order to get a stable block generation. In other words, a mining pool is where gamers team up, kick the BOSS ass, sharing the dropping treasure together.
They play an important role in rewards distribution, protocol deployment, stability protection (anti-DDoS) and efficiency (improve block utilization, lower uncle rate, etc). The stability protection and efficiency performance depend on the technical development of each pool. Many pools are spending tens of thousands of dollars every month in anti-DDoS and technical optimization.
Mining Rewards
There are 4 kinds of rewards the system gives to the miner.
1. Block reward (or Static block reward)
A static block reward for the 'winning' block, consisting of exactly 3.0 Ether.
2. Transaction fees
All of the gas expended within the block (usually 0.1ETH/block).
3.Uncle reward
In Ethereum, the reward for a new block is 3 ETH. Since an average block time of Ethereum is very short, the uncle rate could be relatively high. Therefore, Ethereum provides descending rewards (from7/8 to 2/8 of a block reward, i.e. 2.625-0,75ETH) for mining an uncle block
4.Reference uncle reward
An extra reward for including Uncles as part of the block, first 0.1875, second 0.09375ETH.
In addition, the transaction fee could contain around 400 transactions. With the block size being constant, the more we utilize a block to include high-priced transactions, the higher mining rewards miners will get. However, we can see that many mining pools don’t distribute those rewards to miners, which is totally unknown for the most.
Hashrate
Before we get deeper into it, you need to figure out what is a Share.
In a mining pool, contributing miners are paid in proportion to the amount of hashrate they contribute. A "share" is awarded to members of the mining pool who present a valid partial proof-of-work. Shares must be submitted correctly and in time or would become invalid shares or stale shares.
You must distinguish between the reported hashrate and the effective hashrate or known as the calculated hashrate.
Reported Hashrate
Reported Hashrate is used by mining clients (e.g. Claymore, Phoenix, Ethminer, and other third party mining softwares). The mining client submits the computing power (a.k.a. hashrate) of your actual hardware (what you see on your console) to the pool. For example, the RX570 could be overclocked to 30MH/s. The reported hashrate is a convenience feature used to allow you to compare it to your calculated hashrate shown by the mining pools.
Most importantly, Reported Hashrate does not directly related to your payout from the mining pools. It is a value only displayed on the rigs and known by the users.
Effective Hashrate or Calculated Hashrate
Effective Hashrate takes the number of valid shares your miner has submitted over a period of time and uses a formula to convert the number of shares into a readable hashrate. This number can fluctuate, sometimes being lower or higher than your actual miner's output hashrate on the console.
If we go deep into the problem, to ease the pressure of data communication between mining client and pool’s server, mining pools set a difficulty threshold with the Ethereum Proof-of-Work algorithm. Every time when those amount of work is completed, the miner will get a share. And the effective hashrate is calculated based on the shares.
Effective Hashrate(24h-avg) = your submitted shares in 24h * difficulty set by the pool
Mining pools calculate your hashrate based on the time interval you submit. For example, if we assume that the time of submitting a share for 100M should be 10 seconds, then if your interval for each submission is exactly 10 seconds, the pool shows you a calculated hashrate of 100M. But if you submit it in 5 seconds, from the mining pool side, you have 200M.
The effective hashrate shown by each pool are generated differently. Some pools shown lower effective hashrate, while some mining pools shown effective hashrate even higher than your reported ones. This has absolutely no effect on revenue, as explained later. Because mining in general is a probability game.
Hashrate Gap
So in most cases, if there is a large gap between reported hashrate and effective hashrate, you have to check on Claymore whether there is a GPU card dropped. If all run well, we can move to the problems presented below.
How come is a hashrate gap between your reported hashrate and efficient hashrate?
1.Inappropriate overclocking abuse.
How much a rig can be overclocked depends on miner’s experience. Different brands’ GPU’s performances are also different. You can find more information on Google. If overclocked too much, the client will give you an alert. Your submitted shares will be invalid and rejected. If you have found too many alarms, please downclock a little and re-check.
2.Network Delay
Network delay is a problem that can only be optimized but cannot be avoided. It takes time to transmit data between local rigs and the node server. Latency within 50ms is perfect, and within 150ms is normal. If it goes higher, you have to find a closer server node. To solve this, each mining pool has its own server nodes in various locations of the world.
3.Mining software (client)
The author of mining client does not extract the crypto you mined, but instead somehow extract 1% of your rigs' working time to mine for himself.
Since the creator has contributed to make the mining software, it is reasonable to pay for the technical intelligence. Most miners of the world use the Claymore. However, many copycats are build based on the core of the claymore. These copycats could miss report hashrate to generate profit for themselves.
4.Core voltage deviation
This is a hardware problem due to different GPUs factory settings but would cause the fluctuation of hashrate.
As calculated above, those reasons add up to 3-3.5% difference of mining. There are some hardware problems, such as the heat of your rigs, wire rod, network connection, power supply stability should not add more than 1%. Advanced mining farms rarely have these problems, so I think 3-4% is a theoretical long-term hashrate gap.
Payment Mode
When a pool earn money, it also should pay you back.
There should be 3 mainstream modes: PPS, PPLNS and PPS+ you have been told.
1.PPS
PPS calculates the proportion of your mining power in overall hashing power of the global network, and estimates the daily reward you can get by simple math calculation, giving you a fixed income. Moreover, the PPS mode doesn't reward miners with transaction fees and reference reward. With PPS, your income is stable. Service fees are relatively higher to compensate the risks of pools.
2.PPLNS
PPLNS (Pay Per Last N Shares) is calculated by the proportion of miners’ hashrates in the pool’s total in the last N difficulty rounds. Each worker would be assigned some computing works. Every time when a difficulty calculation is completed, the miner will get a share. The PPLNS method calculates payments based on the “n” (Number) of shares that the pool finds. Transaction fees will be allocated to miners too. With the PPLNS model, the luck value is very important. With PPLNS, it is normal for you to see your calculated hashrate fluctuates every day.
3.PPS+
PPS+ (PPS Plus) combines the advantages of PPS and PPLNS. Compared to the PPS model, which only awards miners block rewards and does not allocate tx fees, PPS+ assigns bonuses to miners and allocates all the rewards. At the same time, the deficiencies of fluctuations in the PPLNS are avoided.
Each pools sets their own payment scheme. The PPS+ is better than PPS apparently. As for PPS+ and PPLNS, the comparison makes no sense. Because in a long run, the expected mining rewards should be almost the same. This is a calculus of probability problem.
Pool Luck
The proof of work algorithm used is called Ethash (a modified version of Dagger-Hashimoto) involves finding a nonce input to the algorithm so that the result is below a certain threshold depending on the difficulty. Luck is like rolling a dice. You have to take the risk with the PPLNS mode because it heavily depends on luck value, while in PPS+ the luck value is always 100%. Risks are taken by the pool.
Fee
Fee and Efficiency two fundamental criterions that determines the quality of a mining pool.
Nominal service fee of each pool could range from 1% to 3%. However, the real one is not necessarily that. The reasons are listed following:
1. We have introduced shares, hashrate and payment modes. In fact, there is no essential relationship between your payment with the calculated hashrate and the rejection rate. In other words, the payout distribution of any mining pool is a black box. As known to all, the payout distribution is based on the effective “shares” submitted, but your shares proportion can be adjusted by the mining pool theoretically.
2.Moreover, even claims a payment mode, PPLNS for example, the mining pool can also pay no Tx fees or reference uncle reward to you.
3.It all depends on a pool’s conscience and ethical performance. So don't be fooled by a single rate shown by the pool or mining software, but believe the crypto you are paid every round.
4.The interest margin are used to pay for intermediaries for commission, like a franchiser, some software partners, a hosting farm. So stay sober and compare each pool by yourself.
Then how to distinguish good ones from bad? There is a difference in efficiency between mining pools. You should pick a mining pool with a better efficiency and lower real fee rather than misled by their nominal fee or their payment mode.
Efficiency
The uncle rate can represent the efficiency.
With the same hashrate, the pool who could generate most blocks means it has more potential to earn ETH per hashrate unit than other pools. Although the uncle rate fluctuates everyday, you can see an average level in a long run.
You can look at : etherchain.org
Just look at the Nanopool, their uncle rate could sometimes reach 30%, which means 30% of their effort is not efficient.
The efficiency also represents the tech power of each pool. You will see how much effort has been put into to be a pool with the lowest uncle rate. With this regard, SparkPool is the best Ethereum mining pool over the world.
P.S. The reward for an uncle block is about 2.2ETH, 70% of the normal block. Each 5% of uncle rate gap leads to a 1.5% difference in profits. (5%*30%=1.5%)
Soft Strength
Nothing to talk about actually. Because world Top 5 pools all have done a good job with regard to stability, anti-DDoS and distributed nodes. Other factors are even softer, like the report interface, support team, anonymous mining, notification, payout timeliness, etc. So the judgement could be subjective.
Choose a Pool
One-stop solution: A/B test.
Using the same two sets of machines, in the same external environment, test continuously for more than 48 hours on two different mining pools to see which pay you more.
After a solid A/B test, you will find that SparkPool have no reason not to be the best.
1.SparkPool has the lowest uncle rate. Theoretically it helps you earn more ETH.
2.SparkPool pays all the rewards (blocks, uncles, reference uncle rewards & txs) with low fee 1%.
3.Most importantly, payment from SparkPool is second to none.
4.SparkPool team are proud of our fairness and transparency. We do not keep the interest margin to ingratiate ourselves with greedy intermediaries. Because the nominal fee is the real fee on SparkPool. We would rather distribute the reward to our users than cheat it for dishonest expansion.
5.SparkPool shares the mining resources friendly with our partners instead of commissioning by mining rewards.
6.We provides the warmest support 24/7.
7.SparkPool team are brave and dare to take responsibility for every instability.
8.SparkPool has excellent reputation among Asian miners and need to be recognized and verified by more people over the world.
9.We welcome questions about us and comparison based on solid practice.
10.We listen carefully to any suggestions for improvement and optimization.
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Preface
The development of global blockchain technology has given birth to the emerging mining business. However, the majority of miners don’t know how their own profits being calculated. If you are a ETH miner, to maximize your mining profit, it’s essential to understand the mining process behind the scene.
What's a mining pool?
The work of the mining pools is nothing more than grouping computing power (hashrate) in order to get a stable block generation. In other words, a mining pool is where gamers team up, kick the BOSS ass, sharing the dropping treasure together.
They play an important role in rewards distribution, protocol deployment, stability protection (anti-DDoS) and efficiency (improve block utilization, lower uncle rate, etc). The stability protection and efficiency performance depend on the technical development of each pool. Many pools are spending tens of thousands of dollars every month in anti-DDoS and technical optimization.
Mining Rewards
There are 4 kinds of rewards the system gives to the miner.
1. Block reward (or Static block reward)
A static block reward for the 'winning' block, consisting of exactly 3.0 Ether.
2. Transaction fees
All of the gas expended within the block (usually 0.1ETH/block).
3.Uncle reward
In Ethereum, the reward for a new block is 3 ETH. Since an average block time of Ethereum is very short, the uncle rate could be relatively high. Therefore, Ethereum provides descending rewards (from7/8 to 2/8 of a block reward, i.e. 2.625-0,75ETH) for mining an uncle block
4.Reference uncle reward
An extra reward for including Uncles as part of the block, first 0.1875, second 0.09375ETH.
In addition, the transaction fee could contain around 400 transactions. With the block size being constant, the more we utilize a block to include high-priced transactions, the higher mining rewards miners will get. However, we can see that many mining pools don’t distribute those rewards to miners, which is totally unknown for the most.
Hashrate
Before we get deeper into it, you need to figure out what is a Share.
In a mining pool, contributing miners are paid in proportion to the amount of hashrate they contribute. A "share" is awarded to members of the mining pool who present a valid partial proof-of-work. Shares must be submitted correctly and in time or would become invalid shares or stale shares.
You must distinguish between the reported hashrate and the effective hashrate or known as the calculated hashrate.
Reported Hashrate
Reported Hashrate is used by mining clients (e.g. Claymore, Phoenix, Ethminer, and other third party mining softwares). The mining client submits the computing power (a.k.a. hashrate) of your actual hardware (what you see on your console) to the pool. For example, the RX570 could be overclocked to 30MH/s. The reported hashrate is a convenience feature used to allow you to compare it to your calculated hashrate shown by the mining pools.
Most importantly, Reported Hashrate does not directly related to your payout from the mining pools. It is a value only displayed on the rigs and known by the users.
Effective Hashrate or Calculated Hashrate
Effective Hashrate takes the number of valid shares your miner has submitted over a period of time and uses a formula to convert the number of shares into a readable hashrate. This number can fluctuate, sometimes being lower or higher than your actual miner's output hashrate on the console.
If we go deep into the problem, to ease the pressure of data communication between mining client and pool’s server, mining pools set a difficulty threshold with the Ethereum Proof-of-Work algorithm. Every time when those amount of work is completed, the miner will get a share. And the effective hashrate is calculated based on the shares.
Effective Hashrate(24h-avg) = your submitted shares in 24h * difficulty set by the pool
Mining pools calculate your hashrate based on the time interval you submit. For example, if we assume that the time of submitting a share for 100M should be 10 seconds, then if your interval for each submission is exactly 10 seconds, the pool shows you a calculated hashrate of 100M. But if you submit it in 5 seconds, from the mining pool side, you have 200M.
The effective hashrate shown by each pool are generated differently. Some pools shown lower effective hashrate, while some mining pools shown effective hashrate even higher than your reported ones. This has absolutely no effect on revenue, as explained later. Because mining in general is a probability game.
Hashrate Gap
So in most cases, if there is a large gap between reported hashrate and effective hashrate, you have to check on Claymore whether there is a GPU card dropped. If all run well, we can move to the problems presented below.
How come is a hashrate gap between your reported hashrate and efficient hashrate?
1.Inappropriate overclocking abuse.
How much a rig can be overclocked depends on miner’s experience. Different brands’ GPU’s performances are also different. You can find more information on Google. If overclocked too much, the client will give you an alert. Your submitted shares will be invalid and rejected. If you have found too many alarms, please downclock a little and re-check.
2.Network Delay
Network delay is a problem that can only be optimized but cannot be avoided. It takes time to transmit data between local rigs and the node server. Latency within 50ms is perfect, and within 150ms is normal. If it goes higher, you have to find a closer server node. To solve this, each mining pool has its own server nodes in various locations of the world.
3.Mining software (client)
The author of mining client does not extract the crypto you mined, but instead somehow extract 1% of your rigs' working time to mine for himself.
Since the creator has contributed to make the mining software, it is reasonable to pay for the technical intelligence. Most miners of the world use the Claymore. However, many copycats are build based on the core of the claymore. These copycats could miss report hashrate to generate profit for themselves.
4.Core voltage deviation
This is a hardware problem due to different GPUs factory settings but would cause the fluctuation of hashrate.
As calculated above, those reasons add up to 3-3.5% difference of mining. There are some hardware problems, such as the heat of your rigs, wire rod, network connection, power supply stability should not add more than 1%. Advanced mining farms rarely have these problems, so I think 3-4% is a theoretical long-term hashrate gap.
Payment Mode
When a pool earn money, it also should pay you back.
There should be 3 mainstream modes: PPS, PPLNS and PPS+ you have been told.
1.PPS
PPS calculates the proportion of your mining power in overall hashing power of the global network, and estimates the daily reward you can get by simple math calculation, giving you a fixed income. Moreover, the PPS mode doesn't reward miners with transaction fees and reference reward. With PPS, your income is stable. Service fees are relatively higher to compensate the risks of pools.
2.PPLNS
PPLNS (Pay Per Last N Shares) is calculated by the proportion of miners’ hashrates in the pool’s total in the last N difficulty rounds. Each worker would be assigned some computing works. Every time when a difficulty calculation is completed, the miner will get a share. The PPLNS method calculates payments based on the “n” (Number) of shares that the pool finds. Transaction fees will be allocated to miners too. With the PPLNS model, the luck value is very important. With PPLNS, it is normal for you to see your calculated hashrate fluctuates every day.
3.PPS+
PPS+ (PPS Plus) combines the advantages of PPS and PPLNS. Compared to the PPS model, which only awards miners block rewards and does not allocate tx fees, PPS+ assigns bonuses to miners and allocates all the rewards. At the same time, the deficiencies of fluctuations in the PPLNS are avoided.
Each pools sets their own payment scheme. The PPS+ is better than PPS apparently. As for PPS+ and PPLNS, the comparison makes no sense. Because in a long run, the expected mining rewards should be almost the same. This is a calculus of probability problem.
Pool Luck
The proof of work algorithm used is called Ethash (a modified version of Dagger-Hashimoto) involves finding a nonce input to the algorithm so that the result is below a certain threshold depending on the difficulty. Luck is like rolling a dice. You have to take the risk with the PPLNS mode because it heavily depends on luck value, while in PPS+ the luck value is always 100%. Risks are taken by the pool.
Fee
Fee and Efficiency two fundamental criterions that determines the quality of a mining pool.
Nominal service fee of each pool could range from 1% to 3%. However, the real one is not necessarily that. The reasons are listed following:
1. We have introduced shares, hashrate and payment modes. In fact, there is no essential relationship between your payment with the calculated hashrate and the rejection rate. In other words, the payout distribution of any mining pool is a black box. As known to all, the payout distribution is based on the effective “shares” submitted, but your shares proportion can be adjusted by the mining pool theoretically.
2.Moreover, even claims a payment mode, PPLNS for example, the mining pool can also pay no Tx fees or reference uncle reward to you.
3.It all depends on a pool’s conscience and ethical performance. So don't be fooled by a single rate shown by the pool or mining software, but believe the crypto you are paid every round.
4.The interest margin are used to pay for intermediaries for commission, like a franchiser, some software partners, a hosting farm. So stay sober and compare each pool by yourself.
Then how to distinguish good ones from bad? There is a difference in efficiency between mining pools. You should pick a mining pool with a better efficiency and lower real fee rather than misled by their nominal fee or their payment mode.
Efficiency
The uncle rate can represent the efficiency.
With the same hashrate, the pool who could generate most blocks means it has more potential to earn ETH per hashrate unit than other pools. Although the uncle rate fluctuates everyday, you can see an average level in a long run.
You can look at : etherchain.org
Just look at the Nanopool, their uncle rate could sometimes reach 30%, which means 30% of their effort is not efficient.
The efficiency also represents the tech power of each pool. You will see how much effort has been put into to be a pool with the lowest uncle rate. With this regard, SparkPool is the best Ethereum mining pool over the world.
P.S. The reward for an uncle block is about 2.2ETH, 70% of the normal block. Each 5% of uncle rate gap leads to a 1.5% difference in profits. (5%*30%=1.5%)
Soft Strength
Nothing to talk about actually. Because world Top 5 pools all have done a good job with regard to stability, anti-DDoS and distributed nodes. Other factors are even softer, like the report interface, support team, anonymous mining, notification, payout timeliness, etc. So the judgement could be subjective.
Choose a Pool
One-stop solution: A/B test.
Using the same two sets of machines, in the same external environment, test continuously for more than 48 hours on two different mining pools to see which pay you more.
After a solid A/B test, you will find that SparkPool have no reason not to be the best.
1.SparkPool has the lowest uncle rate. Theoretically it helps you earn more ETH.
2.SparkPool pays all the rewards (blocks, uncles, reference uncle rewards & txs) with low fee 1%.
3.Most importantly, payment from SparkPool is second to none.
4.SparkPool team are proud of our fairness and transparency. We do not keep the interest margin to ingratiate ourselves with greedy intermediaries. Because the nominal fee is the real fee on SparkPool. We would rather distribute the reward to our users than cheat it for dishonest expansion.
5.SparkPool shares the mining resources friendly with our partners instead of commissioning by mining rewards.
6.We provides the warmest support 24/7.
7.SparkPool team are brave and dare to take responsibility for every instability.
8.SparkPool has excellent reputation among Asian miners and need to be recognized and verified by more people over the world.
9.We welcome questions about us and comparison based on solid practice.
10.We listen carefully to any suggestions for improvement and optimization.
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Good software. |
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How Long Will The 3G Memory Graphics Cards Last? Recently, many miners are concerned about the 3G memory graphics card. Can we use this card mining ETH? How long will the 3g memory graphics cards last? This post could be an answer. One has to load a dag file into the graphics memory before the graphics card can start mining. Mining ether requires large graphics memory. The Ethereum dag file size has been growing, around 2.43G by now. Since the dag file is only 2.43G, why do many 3G graphics cards mining report errors, saying that memory is not enough? Because the dag file is not the only one occupies the memory, the computer operating system also does. Windows 10 takes up about 19-20% of the graphics card memory, Windows 7 and Linux each takes up about 5% of the memory. So, with 3G graphics memory, Window 10 and Windows 7 only have 2.43G and 2.85G memory available for dag files respectively. Therefore, it is recommended that 3G graphics miners use the Windows 7 OS. After switching to Window 7, how long can 3G graphics cards be used for ETH mining? To answer this question, we have to know the growing speed of the dag file size. You can view the dag file size real-time statistics by the website: https://investoon.com/tools/dag_size The statistics show that the dag size will increase to 2.99G on May 8 of 2019. According to this speed, it will take about 9 months from 2.43G to 2.85G. So, theoretically, it still has more than half a year you could mine ETH with 3G graphics cards. After that, 3G graphics cards could only be used in other coins with smaller graphics memory requirements. Hope the analysis above is useful to you. If you found any mistakes about this post, welcome to correct us. |
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The development of global blockchain technology has given birth to the emerging mining business. Perhaps you don’t understand the inherent mining mechanism, you might have heard some miners’ jaw-dropping financial returns when the price of ETH has been soaring to the moon. However, the majority of miners don’t know how their own profits being calculated. If you are a ETH miner, note that in order to maximize your mining profit, it’s essential to understand the mining process behind the scene. According to the Ethereum Wiki, the successful PoW miner of the winning block receives: 1.A block reward for the 'winning' block. 2.All of the gas expended within the block (a.k.a. transaction fee). 3.An extra reward for including Uncles as part of the block. In Ethereum, the reward for a new block is 3 ETH. Since an average block time of Ethereum is very short, the uncle rate could be relatively high. Therefore, Ethereum provides descending rewards (from7/8 to 2/8 of a block reward) for mining an uncle block and 1/32 of reward for referencing up to 2 recent uncle blocks. In addition, the transaction fee also serves as a reward and a block could contain around 400 transactions. With the block size being constant, the more we utilize a block to include high-priced transactions, the higher mining rewards miners will get. However, we can see that many mining pools don’t distribute those rewards to miners, which is totally unknown for the most. In our current PPLNS mode, a mining pool’s daily reward is very clear and transparent. For a block, it consists of a block reward (3 ETH), a uncle referencing reward (if have), and transaction fees; For an uncle block, it consists of a uncle reward (descending from7/8 to 2/8 of a block reward), an uncle referencing reward (if have), and transaction fees. For miners using pool services, their profits would be (Pool rewards - Services fees) * Miner hashrate/ Pool total hashrate. How to calculate your hashrate? Before we get deeper into it, you need to figure out what is a Share. Each mining pool would set a difficulty threshold with the Ethereum Proof-of-Work algorithm. Every time when a difficulty calculation is completed, the miner will get a share. The hashrate is calculated based on the shares. Hashrate(24h-avg) = the number of shares in 24h* difficulty set by the pool Therefore, with a constant hashrate, the two major factors affect one’s profit are 1.The reward of a mining pool 2.The commission fee of a mining pool. Let’s look at a mining pool's profit again i.e., and uncle block rewards, transactions fees and uncle referencing rewards (if have), we have three tips for you to choose a mining pool. 1.First, choose a reputable pool with low a commission fee. Note that, the real commission fee would be higher than the nominal rate a pool shows you when it doesn’t claim a transaction fee distribution. Some times the difference could be 2% or more! 2.Second, choose a pool with a transaction fee distribution. Be aware that the transaction fee is usually 0.1-0.3 ETH per block and will be much higher when many ICOs are taking place. It contributes to a large portion of total rewards, but many mining pools even don't distribute those fees at all. While at SparkPool, we promise to pay our miners all the rewards they deserve rather than secretly eating them. 3.Third, choose a mining pool with a lower uncle rate. Since an uncle reward is much smaller than a one, a pool with a higher uncle rate would drag down your average profit. Again, at SparkPool, our uncle rate is only 11.2% while the whole network is 17.2%. SparkPool is waiting for you. https://eth.sparkpool.com/✎Email: support@sparkpool.com✎Twitter: https://twitter.com/sparkpool_eth✎Telegram: https://t.me/joinchat/FzP-pBFaLe25pnxW9RXczg✎Line: http://line.me/ti/g/Pb9n5QNap✎Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sparkpool.eth/ |
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A wonderful explanation. However, can you explain to me why my reported hashrate stays fairly constant yet my effective hashrate at a pool can be +/- 30% or more and is always going up and down. Thanks in advance.
some possible reasons: 1.your unstable network status due to a high delay 2.your rigs' luck 3. hashrate used for devfee |
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Well done. Just one thing to add: This goes for pool mining on any algo and any pool, not just Ethash.
yes, you are right  |
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Introduction
Many people asked us why the hashrate displayed on rig (Reported Hashrate) is higher than that shown by the mining pool (Effective Hashrate). Though many are told that less than 5% difference is a normal range, miners still found it confusing. The information asymmetry problem confuses everyone except those vested interest groups. In some circumstances, mining pools are accused of stealing computing power from miners. However, things are not that simple. To fully understand how this system works, you are suggested to take a 10 min reading this post. Let’s open the black box and find the truth therein today.
Before we step into the main part, here is some background information:
1. The work of the mining pools is nothing more than grouping computing power (hashrate) in order to get a stable block generation. They play an important role in distribution, stability protection (anti-DDoS) and efficiency (improve block utilization, lower uncle rate, etc).
2. The stability protection and efficiency performance depend on the technical development of each pool. Many pools are spending tens of thousands of dollars every month in anti-DDoS and technical optimization.
3. As for distribution, there’s much to say. In fact, there is no essential relationship between your payout with the calculated hashrate and the rejection rate. In other words, the payout distribution of any mining pool is a black box. As known to all, the payout distribution is based on the effective “shares” submitted, but your share proportion can be adjusted by the mining pool easily. It all depends on a pool’s conscience and ethical performance. So don't be fooled by a single rate shown by the pool or mining software, but believe the crypto you are paid every round.
4.The way mining pools change fee is not the same as the mining softwares (a.k.a. clients). Each time you mine, the mining softwares occupy part of your time to mine for themselves (for example, on the Claymore, 1-1.5% of the time, you are mining for the author’s ETH address). In the mining pool, your fee is automatically charged after every new block generation.
5. Most newbies spend all day only looking at the hashrate gap and staring at the currency value fluctuation. They have been trapped in many sections by the hardware machine sales, together with hosted mining farms, the electricity, mining softwares, cloud mining and greedy pools. All is not within the scope that we mainly talk about today.
6. SparkPool does not sell mining rigs, run hosted farms or sell software to miners. However, we want to tell you the truth and explain how the system works.
Enough for warming up, here we go:
You start your rigs, however, the reported hashrate and the effective hashrate show a gap. Many veterans say that a difference of 5% is normal. But how is the gap composed?
You must distinguish between the reported hashrate and the effective hashrate or known as the calculated hashrate.
Reported Hashrate
Reported Hashrate is used by mining clients (e.g. Claymore, Phoenix, Ethminer, and other third party mining softwares). The mining client submits the computing power (a.k.a. hashrate) of your actual hardware (what you see on your console) to the pool. For example, the RX570 could be overclocked to 29MH/s. The reported hashrate is a convenience feature used to allow you to compare it to your calculated hashrate shown by the mining pools.
Most importantly, Reported Hashrate does not directly related to your payout from the mining pools. It is a value only displayed on the rigs and known by the users.
Effective Hashrate or Calculated Hashrate
Effective Hashrate takes the number of valid shares your miner has submitted over a period of time and uses a formula to convert the number of shares into a readable hashrate. This number can fluctuate, sometimes being lower or higher than your actual miner's output hashrate on the console.
If we go deep into the problem, to ease the pressure of data communication between mining client and pool’s server, mining pools set a difficulty threshold with the Ethereum Proof-of-Work algorithm. Every time when those amount of work is completed, the miner will get a share. And the effective hashrate is calculated based on the shares.
Effective Hashrate(24h-avg) = your submitted shares in 24h * difficulty set by the pool
Mining pools calculate your hashrate based on the time interval you submit. For example, if we assumes that the time of submitting a share for 100M should be 10 seconds, then if your interval for each submission is exactly 10 seconds, the pool shows you a calculated hashrate of 100M. But if you submit it in 5 seconds, from the mining pool side, you have 200M.
The effective hashrate shown by each pool are generated differently. Some pools shown lower effective hashrate, while some mining pools shown effective hashrate even higher than your reported ones. This has absolutely no effect on revenue, as explained later. Because mining in general is a probability game.
So in most cases, if there is a large gap between reported hashrate and effective hashrate, you have to check on Claymore whether there is a GPU card dropped. If all run well, we can move to the problems presented below.
Inappropriate overclocking abuse.
How much a rig can be overclocked depends on miner’s experience. Different brands’ GPU’s performances are also different. You can find more information on Google. If overclocked too much, the client will give you an alert. Your submitted shares will be invalid and rejected. If you have found too many alarms, please downclock a little and re-check.
The impact of this overclocking problem will be 0%-10%. Some people will reach 50%, but it is completely avoidable.
Network Delay
Network delay is a problem that can only be optimized but cannot be avoided. It takes time to transmit data between local rigs and the node server. Lag within 50ms is perfect, and within 150ms is normal. If it goes higher, you have to find a closer server node. To solve this, each mining pool has its own server nodes in various locations of the world.
Why this will impact effective hashrate? Mostly because delayed submissions will be considered as invalid shares, or discounted when the valid calculation was missed while the others are mining the next block. Even though your calculation is correct, the submission was too late for the pool to utilize. Note that, mining is a continuous work, and it is inevitable for everyone to submit few invalid shares sometimes.
The network delay problem would roughly contribute the hashrate gap around 1%. If the difference is more than 2% means there is a space to be optimized.
The service fee of a mining software (client)
The creator of mining client does not extract the crypto you mined, but instead somehow extract 1% of your rigs' working time to mine for himself.
Since the creator has contributed to make the mining software, it is reasonable to pay for the technical intelligence. Most miners of the world use the Claymore. However, many copycats are build based on the core of the claymore. These copycats could miss report hashrate to generate profit for themselves.
The impact of the mining software like Claymore to the effective hashrate gap was 1% single-mode and 1.5% dual-mode. There are also Ethminer, Phoenix, and Genoil in the market. It is said that there is a slight difference between them. You should try it yourself.
As calculated above, those reasons add up to 2-3.5% difference of mining. That is network delay and software extraction. There are some hardware problems, such as the heat of your rigs, wire rod, network connection, power supply stability should not add more than 1%. Advanced mining farms rarely have these problems, so I think 3% is a theoretical long-term hashrate gap. So a gap of 5% is also taking into account the situation where you use copycat mining software that stealing your hashrate.
The mining pool
As just said, a hashrate gap of 3-5% is the cost for the mining pool after taking your hashrate. The rest of your real income is related to the submitted shares, luck, and payout patterns.
With PPLNS, it is normal for you to see your calculated hashrate fluctuates every day. So be better to see your return in the long-term test.
With PPS, your income is stable. Service fees are relatively higher to compensate the risks of pools.
With PPS+ (PPS Plus), PPS+ combines the advantages of PPS and PPLNS. Compared to the PPS model, which only awards miners block rewards and does not allocate tx fees, PPS+ assigns bonuses to miners and allocates tx fees. At the same time, the deficiencies of fluctuations in the PPLNS are avoided.
Let's talk about REWARD DISTRIBUTION in ETH mining. ATTENTION!!!
a. Main Block Reward
b. Uncle Bonus
d. Referring Uncle Reward
c. Transaction Fee Reward
Generally speaking, when pools distribute the payout, many of them only give you the part of Main Block Reward. They keep the rest themselves. However, many miners even don’t know there are other rewards. How much will it be worse?
For example, the PPS model does not allocate Tx fee. When the transaction volume increases and the network is busy, there will be many Tx fees.
So, the actual service fee of two mining pools could differ 7% or even more than 10% if all the rewards are taking into consideration.
To sum up:
1. Reasonably optimize your Hashrate.
2. Choose a transparent, unbiased mining pool to avoid cheating. Test and you will know.
3. The original intention of the blockchain is not speculation. Blockchain technology is not only about cryptocurrency but to create trust and consensus at the lowest cost. Please support those who have been continuously dedicated to technology and community in the blockchain ecosystem. Pay for knowledge and professionalism. Stay away from institutions or individuals who only resort to making money.
4. When you don't learn yourself and always listen to the recommendations of the mining industry middlemen, you are actually slaughtered.
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we are waiting for miners who prefer a fair pool to join |
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thx ， they can have a test in sparkpool first, then decide whether to switch  |
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As many miners wonder whether sparkpool is a new Ethereum mining pool, we think it is necessary to introduce us to worldwide miners. The answer is "no" , actually we had established in August 2016, named Ethfans.org2. We have changed name to SparkPool currently. Now i will introduce us to you. 👉Distribution Mode: ⛏The PPS+ distribution mode is adopted presently, and the fee is 1%. We will subsequently change to the PPS+ mode, which will has benefits from both PPS(stable payout) and PPLNS(tx fee distribution). 👉Pool Advantages: ⛏Our uncle rate is significantly lower than the average of the whole Ethereum network, so the basic profits are higher in general. ⛏We pay all kinds of block rewards (Blocks, Uncles & tx Fees) ⛏Network and servers are in stable performance: low delay and strong anti-DDoS attack protection. ⛏High Availability(Host Auto-Failover). ⛏Responsive Customer Service(including instant messager response and traditional ticket system); Localized language web front-end; Professional consultation for miners; Private mining IP for mining farms; SMS/Line system alert. 👉Daily Payout： ⛏Pay at 15:30（UTC/GMT +8) everyday, Singapore time zone, and minimum payout is low as 0.05Eth. (On the 28th of each month minimum payout will be 0.0105 ETH). 👉Mining Servers: ⛏Eu:eu.sparkpool.com:3333 ⛏USA: us-west.sparkpool.com:3333 ⛏Mainland China: cn.sparkpool.com:3333 ⛏Taiwan: tw.sparkpool.com:3333 ⛏Southeast Asia: asia.sparkpool.com:3333 Stratum failover option port:13333 For more info, check out: eth.sparkpool.com |
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