Since I suspect an issue with the original passphrase's character encoding in the 0.8.6 client, (see: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=126791.0)
I don't see what that thread has to do with "character encoding"? All I see in that thread is a user who claims they know their passphrase 110% and that it doesn't unlock their wallet?Quote
The exotic character sets add even more variations. It would be nice if someone could offer certainty about whether this is even a possibility. Because I think it's strange that the passphrase stopped working in 2015. I actually can't remember if I could ever unlock it using that phrase, but I do remember bitcoin-qt being buggy as all hell. frustrating me enough to the point I backed up the wallet.dat and removed the software and blockchain files.
Does the passphrase that you believe that you used contain characters with accents and/or symbols etc? Also, do you still have an "original" copy/backup of your 2015 wallet.dat file that you have NOT attempted to open with a newer version of Bitcoin Core? When you open wallet.dat files in newer versions of Bitcoin Core, the wallet file gets updated/modified. It might be helpful if you still have the old version of the wallet.dat to (make copies of) and "experiment" with.
You could try getting an old version of Bitcoin Core/QT from here: https://bitcoin.org/bin/ and seeing if it is able to open the old versions of your wallet.dat file and test whether the passphrase works on the old copies. If it does, you could try and dump all your private keys and then import those keys into a new version of Bitcoin Core (or a completely different wallet like Electrum etc) to recover your funds.
Again, be sure to make copies of the wallet.dat and experiment on the copies, not the original!
The passphrase that I believe is the correct one is just alphanumeric (so a-z, 0-9).
I have tried opening the wallet with older versions of the client which, i believe I mentioned, crashed upon loading. I experiment with copies, and keep my original wallet on my NAS (which is only locally accessible).
The other thing that is weird is the older clients seem to use a character set no longer available in MacOS, as all text in the application consists of just rectangles. This leads me to believe it has something to do with the character set being used in the original wallet passphrase that does not correspond to my current keyboard layout (even though it might represent the same characters). This is because I stumbled upon this blog post https://keychainx.medium.com/how-to-recover-a-lost-bitcoin-wallet-dat-password-4ff7704740ad