Bitcoin's decentralized and permissionless nature is its biggest advantage but also its biggest weakness: it's too easy to create fake nodes.
But I believe that a permissioned and decentralized network is also possible. For a node to enter the network, a 51% approval of validators already approved in the network is required.
Then we created a community on some social network or on this forum and created a kind of web of trust https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_of_trust.
Thus it will be possible to establish a decentralized network without energy waste. Humans are very good at identifying bots.
At the same time that it will be possible to enter the network with 51% approval, it will also be possible to ban nodes.
If anyone is interested in creating this mechanism please let us know.