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基因编辑修改既不完全,也不完美
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Topic: 基因编辑修改既不完全,也不完美 (Read 301 times)
healtheworld
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基因编辑修改既不完全,也不完美
May 02, 2015, 01:58:39 AM
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据报道,中国中山大学副教授、基因功能研究员黄军就团队利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术,试图修改人类胚胎中可能导致β型地中海贫血的基因,试验有了一定结果。这种对人类胚胎的修改在世界上是首次。
生命并非都是美好的,因此,是否可以用基因改造技术进行改造,把不美好的生命改变得更美好,或者至少是正常?对这个问题,一般而言,医生治病就属于把生命改造得更美好或矫正为正常的举动,当然是可以的。但是,从一个生命的起源的胚胎和规划生命蓝图的基因上修改生命,却有着重大的不同。
由于存在伦理和法律争论,黄军就团队的论文最初投给《自然》与《科学》杂志遭到拒绝,此后他们的论文发表于国内期刊《蛋白质与细胞》。也正是这一研究在国际上引发了更多的关注。美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)于4月29日发表声明,重申禁止开展涉及编辑人类胚胎基因的研究。院长弗朗西斯·柯林斯在声明中阐述了该院一直秉持的反对资助此类研究的长期政策以及反对的伦理和法律理由。
基因编辑技术只是试验性的技术,既不完全,也不完美,存在着很大风险,因此,这样的技术可以伤害生命,也不符合伦理原则。就从胚胎上修改导致β型地中海贫血的基因而言,黄军就的团队用了86个废弃胚胎做试验,结果发现,基因编辑只在其中28个胚胎中成功,成功率大约为30%。
现在,防止父母将遗传性疾病传递给孩子并非只有基因编辑的方法,可以采用更成熟的试管婴儿技术,在体外培育胚胎,然后筛选掉含有缺陷基因的胚胎。因此,基因编辑不是让生命变得美好和正常的唯一技术,也不是非用不可的技术。国际医学科学组织理事会与世界卫生组织(WHO)颁布的《涉及人的生物医学研究国际伦理准则》规定了涉及人的生物医学研究需要遵守的21项准则。其中一条是,必须保证试验是对社会和对病人有益,又是非做不可。因此,在目前的情况下,基因编辑技术用于修改生命还不算是非做不可和对病人唯一有利。
中山大学研究团队的研究中出现了大量的脱靶效应,是一种不成熟的技术,如果用于改造生命,哪怕是治疗β型地中海贫血,也存在巨大风险。要对正常的胚胎进行编辑和修改,成功率必须接近100%。由于目前该方法还很不成熟,中山大学研究团队也暂停了后续研究。
生命不美好,是否可以修改?从中延伸出的科学和伦理之问,恐怕仍需要继续探讨。
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基因编辑修改既不完全,也不完美
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