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有朝一日,器官也可在人体内打印
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Topic: 有朝一日,器官也可在人体内打印 (Read 503 times)
jsgayo
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有朝一日,器官也可在人体内打印
June 03, 2015, 02:55:54 AM
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到目前为止,已经出现了很多关于3D生物打印组织器官的研究,基本都是围绕着如何才能在一个生物体外的非生物基质中放置足够多的细胞,从而将其培养到一定阶段后,能够植入任何所需的地方。但是有一家公司却很特别,它认为若是能将细胞在人体内打印,从而利用人体与生俱来的培育、促进细胞繁殖的能力的话,则是一种更好的选择。这种方法也被其称为“体内打印”。Computerworld 的 Lucas Mearian报道相关情况,动脉网将其编译如下。
赛诺菲巴斯德(Sanofi Pasteur)子公司VaxDesign Campus的副总裁威廉•沃伦(William Warren)向上周来到快速3D印制技术大会的参与者们解释说,体内生物打印同时也是对人体侵害性最小的一种技术。
图为赛诺菲巴斯德的生物打印喷嘴正在气球上挤压出测试材料
赛诺菲巴斯德,作为 “赛诺菲”制药公司下属的疫苗事业部,也是全球最大的专业致力于人用疫苗研发的企业。近不久,它研发出了一种可以挤压出不同厚度组织的生物打印方法,从而能够培养活细胞形成组织。
有了这项技术,赛诺菲巴斯德就可以通过胶原(一种能将组织和作为人体止血剂的纤维蛋白原联系起来的蛋白质),打印任何所需要的物质了。
沃伦相信,在实现所谓的体内打印之前,3D生物打印一定会首先取得一系列的简单成果。比如在听力上,可以复制听觉组织;对视力,可复制皮肤组织;在内骨骼,也可复制脊椎。同时,沃伦也相信在5~7年内,一定能实现体外生物打印器官的科技。
沃伦说:“我觉得我们首先肯定是在体外,试管内做的,而且现在也做得非常成功。但是从长期来看,一定还会在体内做这个事儿。”
目前,生物打印技术主要用来做药物检测,通过个体化用药来培养患者的组织,再用来检测该药物的有效性或毒性。
还有一些机构也在做这方面的研究,比如多伦多大学成功打印了皮肤,加州的一家公司Organovo也成功打印了肝组织,用作药物检测。
图为赛诺菲巴斯德公司的生物打印笔笔尖
赛诺菲巴斯德的生物打印技术,看起来就像是一支配备有“墨水”的自动笔,相当温柔地在器官上“写下”各种不同的组织,而不会损害现有组织。公司的研究员们甚至还能在水上打印,而且做到绝不破坏水面!
“我们虽然还没弄清楚怎样可以在水面上走,但我们确实知道怎样在水面上打印!”沃伦打趣到。
到目前为止,赛诺菲巴斯德已经可以在死去动物的器官上打印各种组织了,厚度可达约一毫米。
然而,要想创造出功能性器官组织,还得克服许多巨大的障碍。其中最困难的一点在于,如何才能制作出可以给组织提供足够的氧和营养物的血管结构。沃伦指出,脉管系统的确是极其复杂的。
沃伦说,在充足的血管和细胞支架的支持下,再通过体内生物打印组织的方法成功替换器官,至少还需15年。同时他还说,目前赛诺菲巴斯德已经成功做出了一个血管系统模型。
该公司还利用人工培养基繁殖了一个淋巴结。事实上,在人体免疫系统中,淋巴结是一个重要的组成部分,因为它能够过滤许多杂质颗粒,甚至是癌细胞。
能够人工繁殖淋巴结,意味着赛诺菲巴斯德已经掌握了淋巴系统的脉络。“现在,就差应用到活细胞上了”,沃伦说。
至于未来的生物打印体系,应该着眼于如何将这许许多多的步骤合而为一,就像一个计算机系统是如何包含了众多的科技一样。
“我认为,在20多年后,我们就能看到现在所有的这些工具,所有的这些仪器以及微创手术,都会变为一个简简单单的生物打印工具,”沃伦说。“这确实就是将这许许多多的东西融合为一。”
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