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[20150924]比特币的身份之谜 货币?资产?还是商品?
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Topic: [20150924]比特币的身份之谜 货币?资产?还是商品? (Read 334 times)
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[20150924]比特币的身份之谜 货币?资产?还是商品?
September 24, 2015, 07:28:57 AM
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美国商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)于周四时宣布,比特币以及其他虚拟货币“正确的定义下来应该是一种商品”。这一定义仍需要像比特币服务供应商进行求证。
“在首次与一个未注册的比特币期权交易平台对峙时,CFTC坚称比特币及其他重要货币都是由商品交易法案涵盖的商品。”——CFTC
CFTC在阐明自己立场的同时,要求一个比特币期权交易平台运营商及其CEO“终止非法提供比特币期权服务,并且禁止在未经登记的情况下交易或是处理互惠信贷。”
监管部门对Coinflip, Inc. 及该公司的首席执行官Francisco Riordan提出诉讼,诉讼理由为“不依据商品交易法(CEA)以及CFTC法规而擅自开展商品期权相关工作”。
“‘商品’的定义是很宽泛的,比特币及其他重要货币都包括在这个定义之内,因此完全可以被定义为商品。”
2014年12月,CFTC主席Timothy Massad在美国参议院委员会参与之前,就对华盛顿特区的农业、营养业和林业做了举证。“虽然CFTC并不具备针对比特币这样重要货币的政策和具体程序,但该机构的权利已经延伸到了所有期货和互惠借贷的商品合同中”。
Massad的证词似乎反映出了一种更简便的监管办法。在美国,监管部门一直在发布定义,以及对属于各个管辖区的比特币案件进行阐释。
第一个站出来阐释其立场的政府机构是美国证券交易委员会(SEC)。2013年,SEC起诉了“比特币计价庞氏骗局”、“比特币储蓄信托基金(BTCST)”以及其创始人Trendon Shavers。
投诉中声称这是“虚假提供并买卖证券”的行为。Shavers被指控基于BTCST的市场套利活动而虚假许诺投资者高达7%的周息,还包括向个人出售比特币的行为——这些个人是指想要“暗中”,快速,或是大量购买比特币的人。
Shavers辩解的主要观点是他公司的投资“不是证券”,“因为比特币并不是金钱,他也不能被美国国家所监管”。SEC则认为,BTCST的比特币投资涉及到证券定义是因为他们既是投资合同也是注意事项。美国地区法院支持SEC的观点,并认为“没有理由可以断定比特币并不是金钱”。
金融犯罪执法网络(执法网)也明确了电子货币的定义,认为这是“交换的媒介,操作起来就像是某些环境中的货币”。执法网监控货币服务企业,这些企业需要获得金钱变送许可,而这种许可办理起来的过程十分昂贵,很少有初创公司能负担得起,也很少有比特币服务供应商能够实现。
SEC和执法网已经加入了法院审理,国内收入署(IRS)也在去年加入了进来,并且官方宣称比特币和其他重要货币将被视为财产联邦税收项目。
“在某些环境中,虚拟货币操作起来就像是‘真的’货币一样——也就是说,美国或是任何其他国家使用的硬币和纸币被指定为法定货币,循环流通,并能在发布国家作为一种兑换媒介而被人们所使用与接受——但是虚拟货币并不具有任何司法管辖区的法律货币地位。”——IRS
这份税务机关的声明指出了,“适用于产权交易的一般税收原则也适用于虚拟货币交易过程”。
监管的主题划分了比特币的行业领域。虽然Coinflip的CEO Riordan可能误以为政府不能自主调节货币以提供商业保护,但是SEC仍然保留他们的指控。很明显,政府监管部门是用来监管商业活动,而不是监管货币的。LedgerX的CEO Paul Chou表示,“联邦机构将执行一个监管框架,以保护金融市场以及其中的参与者。”
来自:金评媒
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