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吃瓜群众一脸懵逼的比特币扩容简史
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Topic: 吃瓜群众一脸懵逼的比特币扩容简史 (Read 156 times)
Patriciawe
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吃瓜群众一脸懵逼的比特币扩容简史
May 02, 2017, 01:59:58 PM
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在比特币诞生初期区块大小是没有1M限制的,中本聪为了比特币系统的安全和稳定,防止比特币系统被攻击而把区块大小设置为1M。在当时比特币用户量少,比特币交易是不存在拥堵问题的。比特币在2009年1月5号诞生,到如今就已经有40万个区块,每个区块只有1M,最多不过400G,即便用个笔记本也能下载所有节点。
2013年后半年,比特币的价格直线飙升,屡创性高,用户体量不断增大,比特币交易拥堵问题开始暴露出来,但随后,中国央行12.5通知下发,比特币开始进入了一个漫长的冬季,比特币交易拥堵的问题并没有引起重视。
2015年夏季,比特币核心开发团队(Bitcoin Core)提出把区块大小扩容到20M,但此举受到了中国矿工的强烈反对,因为国内的网速是赶不上欧美一些发达国家网速的,这样会导致中国矿工退出挖矿,而中国在全球比特币挖矿市场占有举足轻重的作用。该方案最终夭折。
2015年年底,中本聪继承人加文·安德烈森(Gavin Andresen)和迈克·赫恩(MikeHearn)推出旨在解决1M区块容量过小的问题BITCOIN XT扩容方案,但该方案并未获得其它三位比特币核心开发人员的同意。该方案把区块的大小设置为8M,而中国的网络只能满足2-3M,中国矿工对该方案也是拒绝的,其它一些知名的比特币企业也并未表态。
在加文·安德烈森(Gavin Andresen)孤独无助,急需要有人支持和赞同的时候,假中本聪克雷格 · 史蒂芬 · 赖特(Craig Steven Wright)出现了,加文·安,德烈森(Gavin Andresen)选择了支持。最终,加文失去的代码的合并权力。比特币核心开发团队(Bitcoin Core)把扩容派加文·安德烈森(Gavin Andresen)和迈克·赫恩(MikeHearn)赶出了团队。
2016年,开发者Jonathan来到中国,针对区块大小开展了一系列的实地网络性能测试。得出的结论是加文的8M区块扩容方案太激进,接受的人少,中国的网络也达不到。因此,开发者Jonathan等人把BITCOIN XT扩容方案进行了完善,推出了比特币经典(Bitcoin classic )扩容方案,把区块大小设置为2M,迎合了中国矿工。
但比特币核心开发团队Bitcoin Core对此是反对的,他们仍旧利用自己的影响力坚持主链区块1M不变,采用隔离认证+闪电网络的方案解决比特币交易拥堵的问题,而中国矿工坚持主链扩容,对该方案是拒绝的。比特币社区面临严重的分裂风险,为了该问题,2016年2月21日,比特币社区在香港召开了一次关于比特币扩容的圆桌会议(该会议由Core团队主导),在会上中国矿工和Core团队达成了共识,俗称“香港共识”。这是中国矿工和Core团队互相妥协的结果,中国矿工拒绝升级比特币经典(Bitcoin classic )版本,支持隔离验证和闪电网络换取Core承诺主链扩容2M。
后来,Core拒绝执行签署的“香港共识”,仍旧坚持把主链区块大小设置为1M。而中国矿工也拒绝支持Core团队的隔离验证+闪电网络这种比特币软分叉解决方案,转而支持比特币无限(BU)比特币扩容方案。Core利用自身的影响力和权利在国外实行言论压制,利用水军攻击打压反对者,一时国外舆论出现了一边倒的情形,但在国内Core却碰到了钉子。国内出现了所谓的BU党和SW党,两派争论持续不断,你来我往,各有胜负,但整体上BU在舆论占据了一定的优势。
BU和SW之争的焦点不仅仅是技术上争论,更多的是权利之争以及比特币未来发展路线图之争。BU延续了中本聪的思想,矿工维护比特币系统的安全稳定;而SW拒绝主链扩容,把主链的一部分功能转移到闪电网络来解决比特币交易拥堵问题,随着时间的推移,主链会逐渐的被边缘化,闪电网络会承担更多主链的功能,矿工的权利也会逐渐的丧失。而闪电网络很容易被一些公司所控制,中心化趋势更加明显。实际上,比特币核心开发团队(Bitcoin Core)三位成员有两个属于blockstream公司,这也被比特币社区所诟病,认为core已经成为blockstream公司的代言人。
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