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强制分类,生活垃圾处理必须“动真格”
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Topic: 强制分类,生活垃圾处理必须“动真格” (Read 401 times)
wolf one
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强制分类,生活垃圾处理必须“动真格”
May 08, 2017, 02:59:34 PM
#1
日前,国家发改委、住建部发布《生活垃圾分类制度实施方案》(下称《方案》),要求在全国46个城市先行实施生活垃圾强制分类,2020年底生活垃圾回收利用率达35%以上。
2000年6月,北京、上海、南京等8个城市被确定为垃圾分类收集试点。先后出台过一些鼓励垃圾分类的措施。如北京推出APP可预约上门回收垃圾;上海推行的“绿色账户”激励机制,用积分换信用;桂林推广的激励机制包括积分、抽奖和表彰等。但是效果并不理想。
这是为什么呢?一方面,对于垃圾如何分类还需加强规范、指导和宣传。比如在日本,地方政府为市民编写了详尽的垃圾分类和倒放指导手册,图文并茂,浅显易懂。每种垃圾都有具体的收集时间和指定的投放地点。垃圾分类过程的描述细致到一个饮料瓶要拧下瓶盖、撕掉包装纸、清洗干净、踩扁后才能装进回收袋里放到收集处。垃圾分类的指引越详细,居民在处理的时候才能更容易。
做好源头的分装仅仅是个好的开始。很多人大概都有过这样的经历,细心分好的垃圾分别投进厨余、可回收和不可回收三个垃圾桶里,环卫车来了却一股脑把所有垃圾混倒进车里拉走了……
其实垃圾分类并不像看上去那么简单,前面要有分类,后面的回收和处理环节也应该跟上。为此,《方案》提出,鼓励社会资本参与生活垃圾分类收集、运输和处理,积极探索特许经营、承包经营、租赁经营等方式,通过公开招标引入专业化服务公司。推动建设一批以企业为主导的生活垃圾资源化产业技术创新战略联盟及技术研发基地,提升分类回收和处理水平。
我国是一个人口大国,每天产出的生活垃圾数量巨大。据中国城市环境卫生协会的统计数据显示,全国城市生活垃圾每年超过1.5亿吨,并以每年8%—10%的速度递增。目前全国城市生活垃圾累积存量已达70亿吨,占地约80多万亩。全国688座城市,除县城外,已有2/3的大中城市陷入垃圾包围中,有1/4城市已没有合适场所堆放垃圾,我国城市每年因垃圾造成的资源损失价值在250—300亿元。
垃圾分类可以有效地降低社会管理成本。由中国人民大学发布的《北京市城市生活垃圾焚烧社会成本评估报告》显示,如果实施从收集到运输、焚烧全过程严格分类,实现厨余单独处理、可回收物回收利用,北京的生活垃圾管理社会成本可从2015年的42.2亿元人民币降至15.3亿元,降低64%。
对于垃圾分类处理的法律法规的制定,一些国家还是很严厉的。德国采取的是“连坐式”惩罚措施,一处垃圾的分类没有做好,可能会连累整片居民区的垃圾清理费提高;在美国乱丢垃圾是一种犯罪行为,不但会面临高额罚款,还有可能会被判处入狱或社区服务;日本的《废弃物处理法》第25条14款规定,胡乱丢弃废弃物者将被处以5年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金1000万日元(约合人民币613000元)。
目前,我国的不少地方也开始出台法律法规来强制生活垃圾的分类。上海颁布了单位生活垃圾强制分类实施方案,已开始在公共机构和相关企业试点垃圾强制分类;杭州出台实施《杭州市生活垃圾管理条例》,并配套发布了《生活垃圾分类管理规范》,规定居民垃圾分类不到位,最高可罚款200元;宁波也启动了《宁波市生活垃圾分类管理条例》立法。
这些措施都是良好的开端,相信接下来还会有更多的法律法规陆续出台。垃圾分类是为了保护我们赖以生存的自然环境,这不只是政府的责任,也是每一个人的责任。垃圾分类不是过去时,也不可能成为完成时,永远都应是进行时。
vapor steam
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Re: 强制分类,生活垃圾处理必须“动真格”
May 08, 2017, 03:17:38 PM
#2
日本仔各方面做的确实出色
liliys de
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Re: 强制分类,生活垃圾处理必须“动真格”
May 08, 2017, 03:44:14 PM
#3
很难吧
hghcoin
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Re: 强制分类,生活垃圾处理必须“动真格”
May 08, 2017, 04:01:48 PM
#4
生活垃圾一般都是填埋,看看能不能转化为能源
ignorant
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Re: 强制分类,生活垃圾处理必须“动真格”
May 09, 2017, 12:15:23 AM
#5
变废为宝
recomendation
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Re: 强制分类,生活垃圾处理必须“动真格”
May 09, 2017, 01:01:26 AM
#6
放错地方的资源
summarise
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Re: 强制分类,生活垃圾处理必须“动真格”
May 09, 2017, 04:23:25 AM
#7
雷声大雨点小
fookie
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Re: 强制分类,生活垃圾处理必须“动真格”
May 09, 2017, 04:45:09 AM
#8
想法总是好的,执行层面老是出问题
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