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院士:中国只要去做 10年内能做到去小行星采矿
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Topic: 院士:中国只要去做 10年内能做到去小行星采矿 (Read 136 times)
Chooserforcoin
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院士:中国只要去做 10年内能做到去小行星采矿
May 09, 2017, 07:18:26 AM
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我国著名空间飞行器总体、信息处理专家叶培建院士8日表示,小行星资源开发必将是未来航天发展方向之一。“我国只要去做,10年内就能开展示范性工程;要实现大规模开采,大约需要50年左右。”他说。
科技日报记者从当日在中国航天科技集团公司五院举行的小行星探测学术报告会上了解到,小行星特别是近地小行星,是近期最有价值的太空探索目标之一。五院月球和深空探测领域办公室技术负责人黄江川认为,我国应在“十四五”期间实施一次高起点、标志性的小行星探测任务。
叶培建在会上表示,利用小行星天体自身的轨道特性、物质特性等,开发的可能性有很多。例如有些小行星稀有金属含量能达到地球的数倍,价值几十万亿美元;小行星整体也可以作为巨型航天器进行开发。目前主要的设想方案,包括将其作为资源开发平台和星际航行平台。
资源开发平台近期方案设想是,捕获一颗小行星,将其控制在可达范围内,然后开展机器人或载人资源开采,获取小行星上的稀有资源后返回地球。或者直接利用小行星的矿物资源,开展在轨建造工作等。
“从未来载人小行星探测的衔接性、提取小行星资源支持后续深空探测任务角度,以及捕获后对地球的碰撞威胁、动力学可行性角度考虑,我国未来实施的小行星捕获任务,或许会将小行星‘抓’到环月高轨或日地拉格朗日2点。”叶培建说。
该方案的远期设想,是将小行星作为太空中转站,为人类建立空间设施及星际航行转移系统提供基础材料,开展更深远探测任务。
星际航行平台方案将对小行星的轨道进行利用。其设想是,让探测器在小行星表面着陆,或休眠或开展探测,其间将小行星作为摆渡平台。当小行星到达合适的位置,探测器再飞向深空目标。此举可减少探测器的推进剂需求,降低探测器规模或拓展探测距离。未来,人类还能在小行星上建立密闭的大型生态循环系统,利用小行星的能源收集和供给维持系统运行;利用小天体自转产生的离心力模拟地球重力环境,以满足宇航员的居住要求,形成一个个太空移动家园。
设想很美好,和现实之间却隔着众多技术坎。叶培建说,小行星探测在“选、探、控、用”等方面涉及诸多关键核心技术。比如在选择小行星目标时,涉及参数识别与分析、科学价值评估、工程可行性分析等;对目标小行星开展前期探测,要解决长时间星际飞行电源与燃料供给、深空暗弱目标自主导航,以及弱引力天体的捕获、着陆与附着、表面运动等问题;对于选择并到达的小行星目标,需解决如何在近距离实现小行星操控作业的问题,包括消除小行星的自旋,偏移它的轨道或将其转移至目标区域等。
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