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人民日报:限塑令应延长监管链条 除了限用还要限售限产
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Topic: 人民日报:限塑令应延长监管链条 除了限用还要限售限产 (Read 304 times)
Vistacoin
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人民日报:限塑令应延长监管链条 除了限用还要限售限产
June 12, 2017, 05:10:51 AM
#1
限塑令应该延长监管链条,不仅要限用,也要限售、限产
“您需要塑料袋吗?”人们在购物时,往往选择花几毛钱买个塑料袋。今年是“限塑令”正式施行的第九年,然而调查显示,限塑令处境尴尬:小商铺直接提供免费塑料袋,大商店卖塑料袋,已是司空见惯之事。在一些地方,限塑令可说名存实亡,已几乎沦为“卖塑令”。
塑料袋被称为“20世纪人类最糟糕的发明”。白色污染,贻害甚巨,可谓众所周知。塑料袋之所以大受消费者青睐,原因十分简单:方便。限塑令实施的初衷,正是从减少这种“方便性”入手,提高塑料袋获取的成本,让用户为使用塑料袋支付一定的费用。但从效果来看,这样的初衷在很大程度上落空了。
面对塑料袋产业的各个相关方,政策执行陷入监管之难。首先,塑料袋几乎渗透到普通人生活的方方面面,再强大的监管力量,面对洪水般的生活细节也难免捉襟见肘,这导致政策的执行效率较低。其次,塑料袋生产商和零售商家有着利益最大化的诉求,也就有了逃避监管的动机;而消费者由于享受着塑料袋带来的便利,已养成短期内难以割舍的消费依赖。监管有难度,生产有利益,消费有依赖,各方行为的交叉地带,恰为塑料袋留下生存空间,使得限塑令陷于空转、难以落实。
在既有的困境之外,限塑令还面临新的难题。单看这几年随着“互联网+”兴起的快递业和外卖业就可知。有人做了这样一个统计:按照每个订单平均使用两个餐盒估算,目前国内互联网订餐平台一天使用的塑料餐盒量约达4000万个。快递行业一年需要120亿个塑料袋、247亿米的封箱胶带。在互联网经济高歌猛进之时,小小塑料袋的问题已经不能不引起重视。
既有监管层面的问题,也有利益关系的掣肘,再加上经济发展带来的新情况新问题,限塑令执行中的困境,如同今天环境治理的一个缩影。对政府部门而言,加强监管力量、创新监管方式,是加强源头治理的题中之义。限塑令也应该延长监管链条,不仅要限用,也要限售、限产,在需求侧和供给侧两端同时发力。
在执行中,如果只是政府部门单打独斗,那就注定会独木难支,还应该调动社会、市场和消费者的力量,共同参与到塑料袋的治理过程中。比如说,共享单车以市场手段解决了出行“最后一公里”的问题,限塑也可以借助市场的力量。在一些国家,超市不再销售塑料袋,而是提供出租服务,顾客交押金便可租用环保购物袋,即用即租,用后即还,起到了很好的治理效果。这样的方式值得我们借鉴,即便不能一步到位,但在探索过程中,也能逐渐找到多方接受的共赢之道。
对于治理者来说,限塑令遇到波折,恰是丰富治理手段、提升治理能力的契机。限塑令施行已近10年,在盘点中总结得失,在推进中完善手段,有助于积累更多可推广的经验。创新监管方式、引入市场力量、提升环保意识,限塑令带来的思考,可以从更广泛的层面为环境治理提供有益启示。随着环境治理能力和公众环保素养的提升,相信我们终有一天能够告别那些危害环境的生活方式,让我们共同的家园更加干净美好。
KChristine
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Re: 人民日报:限塑令应延长监管链条 除了限用还要限售限产
June 12, 2017, 05:22:13 AM
#2
厉害了啊
Sunmerdy
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Re: 人民日报:限塑令应延长监管链条 除了限用还要限售限产
June 12, 2017, 05:25:26 AM
#3
我觉得还得源头抓起,与其这样限塑,还不如去研究研究怎么生存不污染环境的塑料袋。源头不制止,一切都是笑话。
111Luqmany
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Re: 人民日报:限塑令应延长监管链条 除了限用还要限售限产
June 13, 2017, 04:33:48 AM
#4
早就已经名存实亡了
Timyr111
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Re: 人民日报:限塑令应延长监管链条 除了限用还要限售限产
June 13, 2017, 04:46:05 AM
#5
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