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俄罗斯宇航员挣多少钱?在太空吃什么饭?
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Topic: 俄罗斯宇航员挣多少钱?在太空吃什么饭? (Read 204 times)
111quastckk
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俄罗斯宇航员挣多少钱?在太空吃什么饭?
July 15, 2017, 07:58:26 AM
#1
地球工资与太空工资
尤里·加加林曾有两份工资——与军事飞行员一样的地球工资以及太空工资。他在太空执行任务期间曾获得过一次太空工资。此外,加加林还因为这次著名的飞行而获得奖励。他得到一套住房、一辆伏尔加牌轿车、一套服装和地毯等奖品。首位女宇航员瓦莲京娜·捷列什科娃也得到一套住房以及其他女性用品,比-礼服裙、提包、丝袜和鞋子等。
向宇航员同时支付“地球工资”和“太空工资”的传统保留至今。俄罗斯宇航员通常为军用和民用飞机的高级试飞员。国家为其“地球工作”单独支付每月1500—2500美元的工资。此外,他们还可以领取工龄津贴、政府奖励以及试飞补助。这些补贴相当于其月工资的40%—140%。在太空执行任务时,他们还可以领取额外工资——约为每月2500美元。
美国国家航空航天局宇航员的地球工资因其技能水平不同而不同,一般约为每月6.6万—15.5万美元之间。在太空工作的收入更高,但区别并不像俄罗斯宇航员那么大。美国国家航空航天局宇航员在太空工作时的月收入约为17万美元。
宇航餐营养均衡菜品丰富
选拔宇航员需考察其心理协调性和身高是否符合标准。宇航员历来都身材矮小,理由很简单:体重轻意味着其消耗的能量更少。
为进入太空而进行的培训所需时间不长。通常从试飞员中选拔宇航员。他们总是保持着良好的体型,而在执飞最新型军用飞机以及应对弹射和进行特技表演承受的超负荷时,需要接受不同的培训。
传奇宇航员穆萨·马纳罗夫表示,“在必要的情况下,几个月之内就可以完成对一名宇航员的培训。这主要取决于候选宇航员在轨道空间站将要执行哪些任务以及进行哪些研究”。
俄罗斯宇航员在接受培训以及在太空期间无需节食。然而,飞行控制中心对宇航员的太空饮食非常重视。在派遣宇航员进入太空前,该中心工作人员和医生会了解宇航员的饮食习惯,制定出营养均衡的菜单并发给厨师。
俄罗斯航天中心设立了专门为宇航员生产食品的工厂。菜品丰富——从传统的红菜汤到烧烤以及糕点,应有尽有。此外,还有为维持宇航员体内维生素和矿物质平衡而必须食用的菜肴。
在地球轨道上,日落和日出每隔一个半小时交替一次。一昼夜内,宇航员会看到16次地球上的日夜变换。因此,宇航员也按照地球时间生活,否则会导致生物钟紊乱,发生失眠的情况。还有一点令宇航员感到高兴——由于失重,在太空中睡觉时不可能打鼾。
职业亦或生命中的插曲?
只有几位宇航员会多次进入太空执行任务,大多数人一生只会进入太空一两次。
宇航员的最佳年龄为32—38岁,这被视为最理想的飞行年龄段。然而,也有超龄宇航员进入太空。比如,2013年,帕维尔·维诺格拉多夫在太空中度过自己的60岁生日。另外,美国宇航员约翰·格伦最后一次进入太空时已经77岁高龄。
在太空中的停留时间是一个纯技术问题。目前,在太空停留天数最多的纪录由俄罗斯宇航员瓦列里·波利雅科夫创造,他在“和平号”空间站曾连续生活438天
iduwga8
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Re: 俄罗斯宇航员挣多少钱?在太空吃什么饭?
July 15, 2017, 08:23:19 AM
#2
好多高龄的宇航员啊
tansiqiu
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Re: 俄罗斯宇航员挣多少钱?在太空吃什么饭?
July 15, 2017, 01:38:21 PM
#3
收入挺高的,月收入17万美金,我需要打10年工,还争不了这摩多。
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