I uninstalled Electrum and redownloaded it, hoping that restoring from seed may fix the issue.
Upon installing and opening Electrum, my wallet and associated history was still there without restoring from seed. I presume that the electrum.dat file/s weren't deleted upon uninstall (or other files?)?
Correct. To prevent wallet loss, Electrum does NOT remove wallet files when you uninstall it.
Edit: Ah, yes - also: I used a block explorer and it appears that, indeed, only one transaction went through.
That's a good start... hopefully this means that there are not 2 other transactions sitting pending.
Edit2: Would it be wise to delete all the *.dat files in the /Bitcoin subdirectory to insure deletion of the associated files? I'm not seeing any electrum.dat files in the /Electrum file. For what it's worth, I have a few different wallets installed, at the moment.
Electrum does NOT use any files from Bitcoin Core or other Bitcoin wallet applications. It shouldn't matter what you have in your /Bitcoin direcotry. As for the /Electrum directory, current versions of Electrum generate wallets that have NO file extension by default... ie, they are just called "default_wallet" or "the name I entered"... NOT "electrum.dat" or "default_wallet.dat" or "the name I entered.dat"
I would just try shutting down Electrum, deleting the "blockchain_headers" file ONLY from the /Electrum directory and then restarting Electrum... and restoring your seed to a new wallet. See if that helps.
If that doesn't help, then we're going to need to see transaction IDs, addresses and possibly some screenshots to try and figure out what is happening.