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央媒评论:中国当前不具备全面加息基础和条件
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Topic: 央媒评论:中国当前不具备全面加息基础和条件 (Read 75 times)
mxmunk
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央媒评论:中国当前不具备全面加息基础和条件
November 20, 2017, 08:23:53 PM
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新华社主管的《经济参考报》今日发表评论称,近期有分析认为货币市场操作利率的上调是变相“加息”,这是一种误解,中国当前并不具备全面加息的基础和条件。
文章称,一般而言,“加息”是指存贷款基准利率的上调,带有较强的主动调控意图,信号意义强烈;而货币市场操作利率的上行,调整的是商业银行向中央银行借款的利率。目前中资银行向央行借款约为总负债的3%,直接影响有限。而逆回购中标利率上行,更是主要由市场决定。
文章认为,目前中国经济还在底部,进出口和民间投资依然低迷,企稳迹象尚不明显,不具备全面加息的基础和条件。
文章提到,此次货币市场操作利率上行,主要是为了向市场传递去杠杆和防风险的信号预期,给市场参与方预留缓冲时间和整改机会,在去杠杆的同时注重防范风险。相对来说,货币市场操作工具是更灵活的货币政策工具,在目前全面加息的基础和条件尚不具备的情况下,调整货币市场操作利率比调整存贷款基准利率更为合适。
以下为《经济参考报》原文:
货币市场操作利率上行彰显新动向
春节后央行上调了常用借贷便利(SLF)利率,逆回购招标利率同步上扬,而节前央行推出了临时流动性便利(TLF),并上调中期借贷便利(MLF)利率。这彰显了央行推动去杠杆和防风险的决心,下一步市场流动性可能趋紧。
近年来,随着公开市场操作以及SLF、MLF等货币政策工具的不断创新与频繁使用,央行在调节市场短期流动性,缓和关键时点流动性紧张,以及货币市场操作利率波动等方面的能力增强。从近期看,央行货币市场操作利率的调整呈现三个特点:一是中长期利率和短期利率普涨;二是隔夜利率上调更多;三是对不达标的地方金融机构增加惩罚性措施。这些措施具有较强的针对性。
2016年中央经济工作会议提出,货币政策要保持稳健中性,适应货币供应方式新变化,调节好货币闸门,同时明确,要把防控金融风险放到更加重要的位置,下决心处置一批风险点,着力防控资产泡沫。
在“稳健中性”的货币政策框架下,笔者认为央行采取上述系列动作,主要基于三个方面的考虑:一是通过提高资金成本来推动金融领域去杠杆,彰显央行坚决去杠杆和防风险的意图;二是通过货币市场操作利率调整,控制银行信贷过快增长,缓解后续通胀压力;三是美联储已开启加息周期,提前上调货币市场操作利率,有助于缓解人民币贬值和资本外流压力。
节前,部分人士将TLF等同于“降准”,忽视了二者在资金成本上有本质的区别。同样,近期有分析认为货币市场操作利率的上调是变相“加息”,这也是一种误解。一般而言,“加息”是指存贷款基准利率的上调,带有较强的主动调控意图,信号意义强烈;而货币市场操作利率的上行,调整的是商业银行向中央银行借款的利率。目前中资银行向央行借款约为总负债的3%,直接影响有限。而逆回购中标利率上行,更是主要由市场决定。
那么,为什么央行调整的是货币市场的利率,而不是存贷款基准利率?主要原因在于:一是目前我国经济还在底部,进出口和民间投资依然低迷,企稳迹象尚不明显,不具备全面加息的基础和条件。二是我国以间接融资为主,对实体企业影响最大的是存贷款基准利率,加息将提高企业融资成本,不利于实体经济发展。三是从信贷结构看,2016年新增信贷中近一半为住户部门贷款,若此时加息将给房地产市场带来过大冲击。
因此,此次货币市场操作利率上行,主要是为了向市场传递去杠杆和防风险的信号预期,给市场参与方预留缓冲时间和整改机会,在去杠杆的同时注重防范风险。相对来说,货币市场操作工具是更灵活的货币政策工具,在目前全面加息的基础和条件尚不具备的情况下,调整货币市场操作利率比调整存贷款基准利率更为合适。
当前,利率在调节资金供求和经济主体行为中的作用进一步显现,下一步央行或可进一步健全利率传导机制,提升传导效率,加快推进货币政策调控框架转型,实现由数量型向价格型调控转变。因此,央行未来将越来越倾向于采用转向更加灵活、刺激更加温和的货币政策操作工具,来调节货币市场操作利率和流动性,更好地实现货币政策多重目标的平衡。
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