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检察日报刊文评微信转错账:非单纯社交工具,须承担应有责任
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Topic: 检察日报刊文评微信转错账:非单纯社交工具,须承担应有责任 (Read 95 times)
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检察日报刊文评微信转错账:非单纯社交工具,须承担应有责任
January 03, 2018, 07:24:18 AM
#1
理论上,转错账者可以挽回损失,但现实中,由于相关规则缺乏可操作性,转错账者可能陷入求助无门,难以举证的恶性循环中
张师傅因疏忽大意错将1万元转给陌生人,而这是10个农民工的回家路费。张师傅带领工人在工地干活,老板给张师傅转了农民工回家的路费。张师傅又给工友王芳的微信号转账1万元,但其添加的并非王芳的微信号,而是陌生网友。其向该网友留言要求退还时,对方一直没搭理,后被对方拉黑。张师傅先后找到公安局和法院,但报案和诉讼都要先知道对方是谁。张师傅两次向微信管理平台提交了申诉申请,但得到的都是程序式回复(1月2日澎湃新闻)。
随着微信普及,通过微信转账的人非常多。从媒体的报道,因疏忽大意而转错账的大有人在。笔者认为,虽然转账人对转错账应负主要乃至全部责任,但这并非其不能索回钱款的理由。对此,相关部门及微信平台理当完善纠纷解决机制和支付规则,有效维护用户的支付安全,让转错账者有一个便捷的挽回损失途径。
在微信转错账事件中,收款方一般构成不当得利,即没有合法根据,或事后丧失了合法根据而被确认为是因致他人遭受损失而获得的利益。对此收款方应负返还义务。按照民法及刑法相关规定,不当得利受益方应根据受害方请求返还不当得利,如果拒不返还且数额较大的话,则可能构成侵占罪,应承担更重的法律责任。
也就是说,理论上,转错账者可以挽回损失,但现实中,由于相关规则缺乏可操作性,转错账者可能陷入求助无门,难以举证的恶性循环中。如以不当得利提起民事诉讼,则应有明确的被告,否则无法立案;而侵占罪又属于亲告罪,司法机关受理时也要求有明确的被告人。但是,微信平台一般又不会轻易根据受害方的要求提供收款方的详细信息。于是,受害人便会陷入要想司法机关介入,就要提供明确的收款方,要想微信平台顺利地提供收款方信息,则应由司法机关先行介入的怪圈。
如前所述,微信已经成为绝大部分人的聊天工具和交易平台,微信转错账不该再像大街上丢钱包那样祈求收款方良心发现或干脆自认倒霉。尤其在支付账号实名制背景下,理当给微信转错账者开设一个比较便捷的挽回损失路径。微信平台及相关部门理当担负起应有的社会责任及监管责任。一是严格执行实名制,关闭未实名认证账号的交易功能,这也是维护金融安全,打击诈骗等犯罪的基本措施。二是不妨设定二次验证程序,银行转账程序中,要求输入收款户名和账号,否则无法转账。微信转账中,也应对大额转账设定验证环节,必须输入收款方经实名认证的姓名,方可完成转账,进而给转账方一个“审查”环节。三是支付平台应提供低门槛的查询服务,一旦发生转错账现象,受害方可凭报警记录查询收款方信息,或者受害方无需提供收款方详细信息便可向司法机关求助,由支付平台向司法机关提供相关信息,解决受害方求助无门难题。
综上,微信不是单纯的社交工具,而是兼具支付功能、收款功能的交易平台。当转错账、收错钱成为不可避免的现象时,当交易双方可能产生经济纠纷时,就该给纠纷双方提供详细、权威的交易明细和凭证。这才是作为支付平台和“准金融机构”应有的社会责任,也是司法部门等纠纷解决机构应重视的议题。
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