Transferred the funds to my wallet. Everything processed smoothly and my copay wallet showed $76.
[...]
Now if I restore using only the phrase it creates a "Personal Wallet" with no funds in it.
I presume you can check on Coinbase for the address to which you sent the funds. In the Electrum where you entered your 12 seed words, enable the "Addresses" tab. Search those address for the Coinbase destination address. (Given the current situation, I presume that there won't be a match. Please do this so that we aren't doing the equivalent of diagnosing a computer that's not plugged in.)
I tried to find online Copay documentation. Alas, all I found is a FAQ covering a few issues. From various reviews and tutorials, it seems Copay asks to setup a send password the first time you attempt to send? If so, you may have confused the "setup password" for a "confirm password" dialog.
Further, it seems that Copay doesn't support any sort of (n+1)th "seed" word ala the hardware wallets. Thus, any Copay password is simply encrypting the wallet file. Can someone confirm this?
Just for grins, does the address you sent to start with a
1, a
3, or
bc1 ? (The latter is an impossibility with Coinbase currently.)
Additional research seems to indicate that Copay doesn't use any sort of proprietary "derivation path", except when using it with a hardware wallet.
So - I think the situation is that the seed words you wrote down are not correct, or the order has gotten mixed up. Did you write them down in some way that could mix up the order? Like - did you write them in two columns and you are now accessing the columns differently? Also, are the words in alphabetical order? (Copay's confirm seed pane shows them sorted and you had to pick them in the proper order.)