Bitcoin Forum
October 07, 2024, 12:02:46 AM
Welcome,
Guest
. Please
login
or
register
.
News
: Latest Bitcoin Core release:
28.0
[
Torrent
]
Home
Help
Search
Login
Register
More
Bitcoin Forum
>
Local
>
中文 (Chinese)
>
离题万里
>
周其仁:不能永远在一条成本线上做文章
Pages: [
1
]
« previous topic
next topic »
Print
Author
Topic: 周其仁:不能永远在一条成本线上做文章 (Read 76 times)
zengqingrong
(OP)
Newbie
Offline
Activity: 57
Merit: 0
周其仁:不能永远在一条成本线上做文章
March 06, 2018, 09:03:15 AM
#1
中国经济取得的成就,应该没有人会否认。但要说我们一点问题也没有,恐怕也没有人会接受。直面问题,不回避、不掩饰,研究解决之道,是中国经济不断取得新成绩的不二法门。相信其他国家走向现代化,也是这么过来的。
成本优势的变化,就是值得面对的问题。中国刚开始开放的时候,国家很穷,人民也很穷,工资、能源、土地价格等等,什么都很便宜。搞开放,外资愿意来,其中一个吸引力就是成本低廉。中国自己的产品,拿出去,特别进入发达经济体的市场,非常有价格竞争力。这就带来中国的出口导向,带来高速增长。这是我们走过来的路,很成功。问题是,成本优势会变化。
成本有各种各样的,一些成本是在市场竞争里形成的,还有一种成本,我把它称为体制成本,那就是成体系的制度运行的成本。这类成本跟市场竞争导致的成本变动不同,带有体制的强制性,如果没有法律政策方面的主动调整,它降不下来。
十八大以来,在降低体制成本上,政府是很努力的。但我国体制成本的下降空间还是非常大的,不少消极的社会现象,包括形式主义、官僚主义、投资中的浪费等等,需要通过深化改革继续降低体制成本。
天下没有成本一直下降这回事。成本曲线,边际上降到一个点以后无可避免要掉头上升。企业如此,行业如此,地方如此,国家也如此,无一例外。所以,降下来的体制成本重新掉头上升,不意外。
出路何在?抽象讲,就是不能永远在一条成本线上做文章。要审时度势,与时俱进地移动到新的成本线,不断将成本曲线向右下方推移。用日常语言说,就是体制创新、技术创新。新技术不仅仅是一个新的技术手段,它对于观念突破、体制突破和利益格局突破,都有非凡功效。但是技术进步也离不开观念、体制创新的配合。
经济学上讲边际递减,“改革”也不能免。“改革”这个词,有行动时是个动词,没行动那就是个名词。回到中国现实,自1978年以来,改革开放作为纲领或大政方针一直存在,说明深得人心。但是改革也不是年年月月天天都有行动的,实际上很多时候,并没有推出改革的行动,而是在准备、酝酿、试探,或只是做局部实验。改革是又要过日子,又要做系统性变革。过日子叠加体制机制变革,就不可能那样顺畅。特别是容易改的改得差不多之后,深层改革之难,是题中应有之义。另外,中国经济体量今非昔比,正如一头大象得了感冒,不能拿一个小勺喂药,即便药方是对的,量也不够。改革力度如何与今天经济体量相匹配,值得关注和研究。
仔细看创新,到今天我们在原创方面的贡献还不够多。大多数成就,还是跟跑的成就。从原子弹、高铁、互联网到电商、社交、共享单车,都是了不起的成就,但论到原创——最初的想法和核心技术——还是人家先发,我们跟随,在跟随中发挥应用性、组合性创新。所以,我们的后发优势要充分利用,但不要忽略在取得后发优势的同时,可能还掩盖着后发劣势的危险。
Pages: [
1
]
Print
Bitcoin Forum
>
Local
>
中文 (Chinese)
>
离题万里
>
周其仁:不能永远在一条成本线上做文章
« previous topic
next topic »
Jump to:
Please select a destination:
-----------------------------
Bitcoin
-----------------------------
=> Bitcoin Discussion
===> Legal
===> Press
===> Meetups
===> Important Announcements
=> Development & Technical Discussion
===> Wallet software
=====> Electrum
=====> Bitcoin Wallet for Android
=====> BitcoinJ
=====> Armory
=====> Mycelium
=====> Hardware wallets
=> Mining
===> Mining support
===> Pools
===> Mining software (miners)
===> Hardware
=====> Group buys
===> Mining speculation
=> Bitcoin Technical Support
=> Project Development
-----------------------------
Economy
-----------------------------
=> Economics
===> Speculation
=> Marketplace
===> Goods
=====> Computer hardware
=====> Digital goods
=======> Invites & Accounts
=====> Collectibles
===> Services
===> Currency exchange
===> Gambling
=====> Games and rounds
=====> Investor-based games
=====> Gambling discussion
===> Lending
=====> Long-term offers
===> Securities
===> Auctions
===> Service Announcements
=====> Micro Earnings
===> Service Discussion
=====> Web Wallets
=====> Exchanges
=> Trading Discussion
===> Scam Accusations
===> Reputation
-----------------------------
Other
-----------------------------
=> Meta
===> New forum software
===> Bitcoin Wiki
=> Politics & Society
=> Beginners & Help
=> Off-topic
=> Serious discussion
===> Ivory Tower
=> Archival
===> Корзина
===> CPU/GPU Bitcoin mining hardware
===> Chinese students
===> Obsolete (buying)
===> Obsolete (selling)
===> MultiBit
-----------------------------
Alternate cryptocurrencies
-----------------------------
=> Altcoin Discussion
=> Announcements (Altcoins)
===> Tokens (Altcoins)
=> Mining (Altcoins)
===> Pools (Altcoins)
=> Marketplace (Altcoins)
===> Service Announcements (Altcoins)
===> Service Discussion (Altcoins)
===> Bounties (Altcoins)
=> Speculation (Altcoins)
-----------------------------
Local
-----------------------------
=> العربية (Arabic)
===> العملات البديلة (Altcoins)
=====> النقاشات
===> إستفسارات و أسئلة المبتدئين
===> التعدين
===> النقاشات الأخرى
===> منصات التبادل
=> Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)
===> Marketplace (Bahasa Indonesia)
===> Mining (Bahasa Indonesia)
===> Altcoins (Bahasa Indonesia)
===> Trading dan Spekulasi
===> Ekonomi, Politik, dan Budaya
===> Topik Lainnya
=> Español (Spanish)
===> Mercado y Economía
=====> Servicios
=====> Trading y especulación
===> Hardware y Minería
===> Esquina Libre
===> Mercadillo
=====> Mexico
=====> Argentina
=====> España
=====> Centroamerica y Caribe
===> Primeros pasos y ayuda
===> Altcoins (criptomonedas alternativas)
=====> Minería de altcoins
=====> Servicios
=====> Tokens (Español)
=> 中文 (Chinese)
===> 跳蚤市场
===> 山寨币
===> 媒体
===> 挖矿
===> 离题万里
=> Hrvatski (Croatian)
===> Trgovina
===> Altcoins (Hrvatski)
=====> Announcements (Hrvatski)
===> Off-topic (Hrvatski)
=> Deutsch (German)
===> Anfänger und Hilfe
===> Mining (Deutsch)
===> Trading und Spekulation
===> Projektentwicklung
===> Off-Topic (Deutsch)
===> Treffen
===> Presse
===> Altcoins (Deutsch)
=====> Announcements (Deutsch)
===> Marktplatz
=====> Auktionen
=====> Suche
=====> Biete
=> Ελληνικά (Greek)
===> Αγορά
===> Mining Discussion (Ελληνικά)
===> Altcoins (Ελληνικά)
=====> Altcoin Announcements (Ελληνικά)
=====> Altcoin Mining (Ελληνικά)
=> עברית (Hebrew)
=> Français
===> Actualité et News
===> Débutants
===> Discussions générales et utilisation du Bitcoin
===> Mining et Hardware
===> Économie et spéculation
===> Place de marché
=====> Échanges
=====> Produits et services
=====> Petites annonces
===> Le Bitcoin et la loi
===> Wiki, documentation et traduction
===> Développement et technique
===> Vos sites et projets
===> Hors-sujet
===> Altcoins (Français)
=====> Annonces
=> India
===> Mining (India)
===> Marketplace (India)
===> Regional Languages (India)
===> Press & News from India
===> Alt Coins (India)
===> Buyer/ Seller Reputations (India)
===> Off-Topic (India)
=> Italiano (Italian)
===> Guide (Italiano)
===> Progetti
===> Discussioni avanzate e sviluppo
===> Trading, analisi e speculazione
===> Mercato
=====> Mercato valute
=====> Beni
=====> Servizi
=====> Esercizi commerciali
=====> Hardware/Mining (Italiano)
=====> Gambling (Italiano)
===> Accuse scam/truffe
===> Mining (Italiano)
===> Alt-Currencies (Italiano)
=====> Annunci
===> Raduni/Meeting (Italiano)
===> Crittografia e decentralizzazione
===> Off-Topic (Italiano)
=> 日本語 (Japanese)
===> アルトコイン
=> Nederlands (Dutch)
===> Markt
===> Gokken/lotterijen
===> Mining (Nederlands)
===> Beurzen
===> Alt Coins (Nederlands)
===> Off-topic (Nederlands)
===> Meetings (Nederlands)
=> Nigeria (Naija)
===> Politics and society (Naija)
===> Off-topic (Naija)
=> 한국어 (Korean)
===> 대체코인 Alt Coins (한국어)
=> Pilipinas
===> Altcoins (Pilipinas)
=====> Altcoin Announcements (Pilipinas)
===> Pamilihan
===> Others (Pilipinas)
=> Polski
===> Tablica ogłoszeń
===> Alternatywne kryptowaluty
=====> Nowe kryptowaluty i tokeny
=====> Tablica ogłoszeń (altcoiny)
=> Português (Portuguese)
===> Primeiros Passos (Iniciantes)
===> Economia & Mercado
===> Mineração em Geral
===> Desenvolvimento & Discussões Técnicas
===> Criptomoedas Alternativas
===> Brasil
===> Portugal
=> Русский (Russian)
===> Новички
===> Бизнес
=====> Барахолка
=====> Обменники
===> Идеи
===> Кодеры
===> Майнеры
===> Политика
===> Трейдеры
===> Альтернативные криптовалюты
=====> Токены
=====> Бayнти и aиpдpoпы
===> Хайпы
===> Работа
===> Разное
===> Oбcyждeниe Bitcoin
=====> Новости
=====> Юристы
=> Română (Romanian)
===> Anunturi importante
===> Offtopic
===> Market
=====> Discutii Servicii
===> Minerit
===> Tutoriale
===> Bine ai venit!
===> Presa
===> Altcoins (Monede Alternative)
=====> Anunturi Monede Alternative
=> Skandinavisk
=> Türkçe (Turkish)
===> Bitcoin Haberleri
===> Pazar Alanı
===> Madencilik
===> Ekonomi
===> Servisler
=====> Fonlar
===> Proje Geliştirme
===> Alternatif Kripto-Paralar
=====> Madencilik (Alternatif Kripto-Paralar)
=====> Duyurular (Alternatif Kripto-Paralar)
===> Konu Dışı
===> Yeni Başlayanlar & Yardım
===> Buluşmalar
=> Other languages/locations
Loading...