I've been hearing about this dust attack. I wonder if it is possible to recover any lost bitcoin just like the one op mentioned.
No, a dust attack cannot be used to get bitcoins which are stuck in a wallet, only the seed phrase and private keys can sign transactions.
Dust represents very small amounts of bitcoins (satoshis) and they are used to attempt to break the pseudo anonymity of a wallet owner.
A Bitcoin user who owns a HD wallet can have intputs divided among different addresses. This prevents a link being made between all the addresses they own. When a user receivs a dust input and includes that UTXO in a transaction, the sender (scammer) can link up different addresses to an identity.
• Consider a case where a forum user posts a public address on their profile, if I sent dusts to them I could link all their addresses to their forum profile should they use the dust utxo in transactions. It can also be used to link to exchange addresses.