In Bitcoin Core, you can use:
bitcoin-cli getrawtransaction <txid> 1
However, the data then isn't shown isolated, but embedded in an output script. And since it's hex, you may also need to decode it.
By the way, thanks a lot for the one sending 0.0518131 BTC to my tip address posted in this thread!
https://live.blockcypher.com/btc/tx/d73a543383bcfe62fa86e8624f06a1fdcafd3a1018a9c3feb709318b1c60e7fd/