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陕西现唐朝太子侍卫墓 墓志铭称政变害其丢前程
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陕西现唐朝太子侍卫墓 墓志铭称政变害其丢前程
April 29, 2015, 03:15:17 AM
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距今1000多年前的大唐,宫廷政变屡有发生,玄武门政变成就了唐太宗李世民,其子李承乾也想效仿,却落败被废为庶人。昨日,陕西省考古研究院传来信息,考古专家近日在户县发现了李承乾一名高级侍卫的墓葬,其墓志反映了这段政变历史。
据考古专家介绍,从去年11月起至今年4月,省考古研究院与当地文物部门对户县大王镇兆伦村西长约400米,宽约50米的范围进行了考古发掘。目前发掘工作已全部完成,共发掘墓葬55座,以小型唐墓为主,另有少量明、清时期墓葬。其中最重要的是位于发掘区北部的一座唐代砖室墓,墓室东、西、南三壁绘有人物题材壁画。而墓志的出土,为人们揭开了墓主人特殊的身份。
陕西省考古研究院专家陈爱东告诉华商报记者,这座墓葬的墓主名为冯孝约。贞观十三年(公元639年),起家太子千牛备身,贞观十八年(644年)出任光州司户(中下级官吏)、不久后调任简州司户,最后在公元659年死在了洛州密县令任上,终年47岁。然而直到663年,冯孝约才得以归葬于户县长乐乡祖坟。
志文中提到的“太子千牛备身”是个啥职务呢?主持发掘工作的陕西省考古研究院田亚岐研究员解释说,千牛备身为宫廷高级禁卫武官,负责皇帝或者太子的安全,由此可知冯孝约应为太子的高级侍卫。
作为太子高级侍卫,冯孝约本应有大好前程,为何被贬为光州司户?田亚岐分析,冯孝约被降职的原因很可能与太子李承乾于贞观十七年(公元643年)预谋发动的宫廷政变有关。据史书记载,唐太宗时期,太子之位的争夺异常激烈。冯孝约的主子李承乾为唐太宗长子,8岁就被立为太子。后来唐太宗四子李泰处处模仿父亲年轻时的做法,深得李世民的欢心,这让李承乾非常焦虑太子之位不保,于是在贞观十七年密谋逼宫谋反,事情败落而被废为庶人,流放黔州。
田亚岐说,冯孝约墓志中记载“主辱于前,臣黜于后”可能即暗喻这一事件。因此,墓志内容从一个侧面反映了这场宫廷之争对相关官吏命运的影响。虽然李承乾被废,但李泰也没有如愿登上储君之位,同样遭到放逐。反倒是一直默默无闻的唐太宗第九子李治脱颖而出,并最终登上皇帝宝座。
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