Many people do it in past and because it, many VPS will ban you if you mine bitcoin with their VPS.
Sometimes they don't ban you because they automatically restart your server if CPU usage is at 100%.
Mine altcoin is still profitable if you can find VPS which allow you to mine cryptocurrency, but don't forget that altcoin price usually is volatile.
Even best ASIC isn't good idea unless you have cheap electricity and mine at place with low temperature to prevent cooling cost.
Mining with a VPS is indeed a thing of the past, it's just not working anymore, and it has little to do with the VPS hosts shutting your machine down (altough they will suspend your service or stop your VPS if you try to mine in 90% of the cases):
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Non-specialized_hardware_comparisonLook at the cpu table... An intel Xeon Phi 5100 has a hashrate of 140 Mh/s (this is the fastest i could find in this table, so the maintainer didn't even bother to add newer CPU's to the list).... Plug this into coinwarz:
http://www.coinwarz.com/calculators/bitcoin-mining-calculator/?h=0.14&p=2600.00&pc=0.00&pf=1.00&d=241227200229.99100000&r=12.50000000&er=615.00000000&hc=0.00If you would find a VPS that would allow you to use a dedicated CPU 100% of the time, you would make 3 cents per cpu per year at current diff, block reward and bitcoin price.
Even if a newer CPU would deliver 10 times the hashrate of the fasted one listed on bitcoin.it (which i seriously doubt), you would still only make 30 cents/cpu/year
Since the diff is moving up lately, it's probably going to be a lot less by the end of the year....
So, IF you find a host that doesn't suspend your service or shut you down using recent gear and you manage to set everything up, you'll make 3 cents a year (single cpu VPS), 6 cents a year (2 CPU's) or even 12 cents a year (4 CPU's)... It's not even enough to withdraw from a pool i'm afraid.