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美国和加拿大怼上了 因为木材和牛奶开打贸易战
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Topic: 美国和加拿大怼上了 因为木材和牛奶开打贸易战 (Read 167 times)
Barbaraert
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美国和加拿大怼上了 因为木材和牛奶开打贸易战
May 02, 2017, 02:13:40 PM
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美国和加拿大连日来大有开打贸易战之势。24日,美国商务部作出反补贴调查初步裁决,对从加拿大进口的软木材加征平均20%的关税。预计此举将影响价值56.6亿美元的加拿大软木材进口。25日,美国总统唐纳德·特朗普在白宫会见美国农场主代表时,批评加拿大对美国“一直太苛刻”。特朗普称,通过阻止美加边境附近的美国奶农将乳制品出口至加拿大,加拿大正在损害美国利益。为此,在首次友好会面两个月后,特朗普应约与加拿大总理贾斯廷·特鲁多25日通了电话。白宫称此次电话会谈气氛“友好”,然而加方发表的声明则显示,加拿大在贸易问题上寸步不让。
华盛顿:先拿邻居开刀
美方此次突然拿加拿大开刀,出乎多数媒体意料。毕竟特朗普首次与特鲁多举行会谈时,特朗普称双边贸易关系只需“微调”。
然而,特朗普25日口风突变:“人们没意识到,加拿大一直对美国太苛刻……多年来他们一直比我们的政客要聪明。我们可不想被其他国家占便宜,这种现象将终结,很快终结。”
按法新社说法,特朗普此番表态指的是加拿大最近加大了对本国乳产品的保护措施,对生产奶酪使用的进口超滤牛奶加征关税,影响了美国该产品的出口。美国商务部长威尔伯·罗斯甚至称,加拿大人正“禁止美国奶农在加拿大销售产品”。
而此前,美国商务部已宣布将对加拿大进口软木材加征关税,理由是该产品享受政府过度补贴,因而价格低廉。这一决定只是初裁,美国商务部将对此展开全面调查,并于9月27日作出终裁。
如果终裁结果未变,这项新征关税尚需美国国际贸易委员会批准。
罗斯25日在解释美方上述两项针对加拿大的举措时,称这两起争端反映出,美国、加拿大与墨西哥达成的已有23年历史的北美自由贸易协定(NAFTA)出了问题,最好早些重启谈判。罗斯说,加拿大“总体上是好邻居”,但这并不意味着“他们能不按规则行事”。
渥太华:美国才是输家
美方突然出手,遭遇加拿大方面强烈反对。25日晚与特朗普结束通话后,特鲁多发表声明称,加拿大政府“将坚定捍卫本国利益”,同时与美方“开展建设性工作”,寻找解决方案。另一份声明还指出,加拿大将利用诉讼,表达己方观点。
另据路透社和德新社报道,加拿大自然资源部长詹姆斯·卡尔称,加方正考虑多种选择,包括将争端诉诸世界贸易组织等,“与这一不公平、无根据的贸易决定”作斗争。他还承诺将帮助企业和因此下岗的工人。
对于美国商务部长罗斯所谓加方不守规矩的指责,卡尔也予以驳斥。卡尔称:“独立贸易委员会已多次发现(美方有关木材的)宣称没有根据。我们过去赢过,我们将再次获胜。”
美国和加拿大因软木材进口的嘴仗已吵了近35年。加拿大木材生产商邓肯·戴维斯说:“对我们来说,(美国加征关税)对加拿大企业有负面影响,但真正的输家其实是美国建筑商和美国消费者……所以我们觉得这一举措误入歧途。”
戴维斯指出,自2006年起,加拿大已占据美国木材市场26%至31.5%的份额。
对于罗斯有关北美自贸协定“无法恰当运行”的说法,加拿大美国商业协会首席执行官玛丽斯科特·格林伍德指出,实际上“乳品和木材都不在北美自贸协定范围内”,“这两个受保护领域最近几周出现争端,不能证明北美自贸协定失败了”。据新华社
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