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中医补血就是治“贫血”?孔子和尼采都不同意
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Topic: 中医补血就是治“贫血”?孔子和尼采都不同意 (Read 184 times)
Lindafgdf
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中医补血就是治“贫血”?孔子和尼采都不同意
May 02, 2017, 02:47:27 PM
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中医补血,被很多人理解为就是治“贫血”,这狭义了中医的补血概念在先,低看了中医在后。
即便是顶级补血药阿胶、熟地,也不如西医输血效果快,但无论是中医,还是中医托生的中国哲学,都不屑于后者,这一点,已经被孔子写进了《论语》:“君子不器”。
“器”字中间是个“犬”字,《说文解字》对“器”的解释是:“象器之口,犬所以守之”。能被狗看护住的东西,材质再高贵,也是可以被拘泥住的,有明显的局限性,无论于哲学还是医学,都不是最高境界,从孔子对“器”的否定,到中医补血的内涵,显示出的是中国人和中医的思维优势。
西医诊断“贫血”,就看化验单上的红细胞、血色素,低过一定数值就可诊断,标准清楚、客观。中医对血虚的判断,靠医生主观辨证和病人自身感受:面色萎黄或者恍白,手脚冰凉,头发枯黄,容易疲劳,头昏失眠心慌等,诊断依据模糊、主观,后者是中医被指不科学的原因之一。
晚近,像韩启德院士这样量级的科学资深人士不断发声:托生于科学的医学,面对人类的健康,只有8%的贡献而已,而很多奇迹,恰恰发生在科学不及之处。
去年年底,美国血液学会将“欧尼斯特·博特勒”奖,颁发给前卫生部长陈竺院士,表彰他用“三氧化二砷”将一种白血病基本“治愈”。事实上,“三氧化二砷”,早在上世纪70年代,已被中医用来治疗食道癌,那时候,它的名字还叫“砒霜”。
那个食道癌病人吃的药,是当地一位中医的方子,“砒霜”是重要一味,服药后,不仅能喝水,一顿还能吃两个馒头,检查也发现,他的癌肿萎缩,食道不再堵塞……后来,砒霜改为“713”针剂,更广泛地用于治疗癌症。只可惜,那时的“砒霜”因为没被科学认识而错过医学殿堂,不知道有多少白血病人,也就因此,错过了生机。
这样的问题同样出现在中医的“血”与西医的“血”的区别上:一个被中医辨证为“血虚”的人,可能并不“贫血”,这种人在西医无需治疗,因为没病;也无法治疗,因为没药。但在中医看来,他们急需用气血双补之剂扶助,明代张景岳的“两仪膏”就是典范,只有两味药:人参和熟地,但从两个层面体现了“君子不器”的中国文化主旨:
从技术层面看,补血的熟地与补气药的人参,各占一半,宛然一幅“阴阳图”:借补气药之力,点化补血之品而成“气”,这个“气”既包括血管中的血,更包括身体的用血能力,血因为有了“气”的统帅才成了可以为身体所用的活血。
从宏观层面看,中医血虚辨证中主观而模糊的感觉,往往先于清晰而客观的指标变化之前出现,换句话说,中医在人成为病人之前,就开始接手了,开始防范了,中医接手之处,也正是科学不及之处。
从这个角度上说,如果把中医的补血等同于西医的治“贫血”,至少违背了“君子不器”的古训,试想,用有形、有限之“器”,代替无形、无限之“气”,这于后者,是多大的委屈!对此,即便在西方哲学家眼里,想必也是看不过去的,比如尼采,他有一句名言:“生命僵死之处,必有法则堆积”。
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中医补血就是治“贫血”?孔子和尼采都不同意
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